Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of ferrous gluconate on Allium cepa root tip
Abstract
It was used Allium cepa L and ferrous gluconate (E579). A. cepa roots were treated with ferrous gluconate of different concentrations. A. cepa root lengths were measured. So, the EC50 value was determined as 0.068 g/l. Then, A. cepa L. roots were treated with EC50 / 2 (0.034 g/l), EC50 (0.068 g/l), 2XEC50 (0.136 g/l) for 24, 48, 72 hours. The root tips were cut and prepared for observation in the light microscope. For each group, at least 5000 cell counts were made. Mitotic index was used in the determination of cytotoxicity. TUKEY multiple comparison test and Repeated measurement ANOVA was used. It was determined that the difference between ferrous gluconate concentrations varied as far as the treatment duration. In the way of mitotic index, it was stated that mean of control doses at all treatment duration were significantly higher than the EC50/2, EC50, EC50X2 doses and decreased with the increasing dose. After 24, 48 and 72 hours treatment of EC50X2 dose, it was found that mitotic index decreased due to increasing in application duration. It was detected that ferrous gluconate reduced mitotic division at the root of A. cepa in comparison to the control group. In this way, it was established that ferrous gluconate can be cytotoxic. In addition to this, it was determined that the cytotoxic effect of ferrous gluconate increased and mitotic index decreased due to increasing of treatment duration and dose. Results of this research are parallel with the literatüre that food additives might cause cytotoxicity.
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