Evaluation of the toxic effect of Ziram on Daphnia magna straus using antioxidant enzyme activity and expression of antioxidant system related genes

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 11 - 18, 15.01.2021

Feyza İçoğlu Aksakal

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.725005

Öz

Ziram, a broad spectrum fungicide, is a dimethyl-dithiocarbamate universally used for pest control in many agricultural crops. Although ziram is being found in freshwater ecosystems, limited information is found about the toxicity of ziram on aquatic life. Therefore, in the present study, the acute toxicity of ziram on Daphnia magna, a freshwater invertebrate, was evaluated. For this purpose, neonates were exposed to four different concentrations of ziram for 48 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities and the changes in the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes were measured. The results showed that exposure to ziram significantly increased MDA levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the expression of genes related to antioxidant system in D. magna. In conclusion, it was determined that short term exposure to ziram lead to acute toxicity by causing oxidative stress in D. magna.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acute toxicity, Daphnia magna, Enzyme activity, Gene expression, Ziram

Ziram’ın Daphnia magna Straus üzerine toksik etkisinin, antioksidan enzim aktivitesi ve antioksidan sistemle ilişkili genlerin ekspresyonu kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Ziram çok sayıda tarım ürününde haşere kontrolü için evrensel olarak kullanılan geniş spektrumlu bir dimetil-ditiyokarbamat fungusittir. Bu fungusite tatlı su ekosistemlerinde rastlanılmasına rağmen, yapılan literatür taramalarında ziramın sucul yaşam üzerine toksisitesi hakkında fazla çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, ziramın bir su omurgasızı olan Daphnia magna üzerine akut toksisitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, D. magna neonatlarına 48 saat süresince 4 farklı konsantrasyonda ziram uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, malondialdehit miktarı (MDA), süperoksid dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) enzim aktiviteleri ve bu enzimler ile ilişkili genlerin ifadelerindeki değişimler ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar zirama maruziyetin D. magna’da malondialdehit miktarını, antioksidan enzim aktivitelerini ve antioksidan sistemle ilişkili genlerin ifadelerini artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak zirama kısa süreli maruz kalmanın D. magna’da oksidatif strese yol açarak akut toksisiteye neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akut toksisite, Daphnia magna, Enzim aktivitesi, Gen ekspresyonu, Ziram

Kaynakça

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