Hazar Gölü’ndeki (Elazığ/Doğu Türkiye) çökellerin mühendislik özelliklerine ve sualtı kütle hareketlerine genel bir bakış

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1015 - 1035, 15.07.2021

Yasemin Aslan , Zülfü Gürocak

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.895651

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu içerisinde yer alan ve Türkiye’nin önemli tektonik göllerinden birisi olan Hazar Gölü yamaçlarındaki çökellerin ve yamaçlarda belirlenen su altı kütle hareketlerinin mühendislik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, gölde gerçekleştirilmiş olan yüksek çözünürlüklü sığ-sismik veriler kullanılarak belirlenen noktalardan alınan örselenmemiş zemin örneklerinde laboratuvar deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, akarsuların Hazar Gölü’ne boşaldığı alanlardaki zeminler inorganik iri silt (MLN), gölün orta kesimlerinde ise yüksek plastisiteli silt (MH)’dir. Zeminlerin doygun birim hacim ağırlık değerleri derinlikle artarken, porozite ve boşluk oranı değerleri ise azalmaktadır. MLN sınıfı zeminlerin dayanımı MH sınıfı zeminlere göre oldukça yüksektir. MH sınıfı zeminlerin dayanımı ise yeterince sıkılaşma olmadığından oldukça düşüktür. Hazar Gölü’ne ait sismik profillerde, eğimin dik olduğu yamaçlarda zemin kalınlığı maksimum 3 m civarında iken, eğimin daha az olduğu yamaçlarda zemin kalınlığı 10 m’ye kadar ulaşabilmektedir. Zemin kalınlığının fazla olduğu yamaçlarda, özellikle zeminin kendi ağırlığı ile gelişmiş su altı kütle hareketleri mevcuttur. Bu kütle hareketleri, plastik deformasyon izlerinin ve dairesel kayma yüzeylerinin açıkça görülebildiği slump tipi kaymalardır. Hazar Gölü yamaçlarındaki zeminlerin oldukça düşük dayanımlı olduğu göz önüne alınırsa, bu kütle hareketlerinin çökellerin kendi ağırlığının etkisiyle kayarak oluştuğunu ve Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (DAFZ)’nda meydana gelen depremlerin de bu kütle hareketlerini kolaylaştırdığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğu Anadolu fay zonu, Elazığ Bölgesi, Hazar Gölü, Sualtı kütle hareketi, Zemin

Destekleyen Kurum

Fırat Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (FÜBAP)

Proje Numarası

MF.16.64

Teşekkür

Araştırma projesini maddi olarak destekleyen FÜBAP'a ve makalenin inceleme ve değerlendirme aşamasında yapmış oldukları katkılardan dolayı editör ve hakemlere teşekkür ederiz

An overview engineering properties of sediments and submarine mass movements in the Hazar Lake (Elazığ/Eastern Turkey)

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the engineering properties of the sediments and the submarine mass movements that are formed in the one of the most important tectonic lake of Turkey, Hazar Lake, located in the East Anatolian Fault Zone. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out on undisturbed soil samples taken from the points that were determined by using high-resolution seismic data of the lake. According to the results of the experiments, the soils at the areas where streams discharge into Hazar Lake are Non-Plastic Course Silt (MLN), and around the mid-parts of the lake is High Plastic Silt (MH). Dry unit weight values of soils increase with depth, while porosity and void ratio values decrease. The strength value of MLN is much higher than MH type soils. The strength of MH type soil is quite low since it is not tightened enough. In the seismic profiles of Hazar Lake, the soil thickness is about maximum 3 m on steep slopes, while the soil thickness can reach up to 10 m on slopes having lower dips. On the slopes where the soil thickness is higher, submarine mass movements developed by the own weight of the soil especially. These types of mass movements are slump-type slides in which traces of plastic deformation and circular failure surfaces are clearly visible. Considering that the soil strength on the slopes of Hazar Lake are very low, it can be said that these mass movements were formed by the weight of the sediments and, the earthquakes that took place in the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone (DAFZ) also catalyze these mass movements to occur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

East Anatolian Fault Zone, Elazığ Region, Hazar Lake, Submarine mass movement, Soil

Proje Numarası

MF.16.64

Kaynakça

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