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Van bindirme fayı tampon zonunun il afet risk azaltma planı (İRAP) çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1036 - 1046, 15.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.933740

Öz

Deprem ihtimali taşıyan illerde, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) tarafından yürütülen İl Afet Risk Azaltma Planı (İRAP) kapsamında, şehirlerin risk haritası hazırlanmaya başlamıştır. Risk çalışmalarının öncelikli konularından biri de faya bağlı tampon bölgelerin belirlenmesidir. Fayın zeminlerde oluşturduğu deformasyon ve risk, yerleşim alanlarında alan kaybına ve değer kaybına neden olmaktadır. Olası deprem sırasında ortaya çıkacak can ve mal kayıplarının önüne geçilmesi için tampon bölgenin doğru belirlenmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Van Gölü doğusunda yer alan eski göl ve akarsu sedimanlarından oluşan Van/Bardakçı bölgesindeki Pleistosen-Holosen yaşlı kil çökellerinin mühendislik özellikleri ve bu zemini kesen bindirme fayının zemin özelliklerini nasıl etkilediği incelenmiştir. 23 Ekim 2011 (Mw=7.1) Van depremine neden olan ve bindirme karakterli Van Fayı’nın tavan ve taban blokları üzerinde yapılan sondajlar ile her iki blok içerisinden alınan zemin numuneleri üzerinde zeminin özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Arazide Standart Penetrasyon Testi (SPT) ve Menard Presiyometre Testi (MPT) yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, kil çökellerden örselenmiş ve örselenmemiş (UD) zemin numuneleri alınmış ve laboratuvarda bu numunelerin fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, bindirme fayına yakın kesimlerde tavan bloğunda zemin özelliklerinin taban bloğa nazaran daha düşük dayanım özellikleri gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bindirme türü fay kuşaklarında zemine bağlı afet riski değerlendirildiğinde, tampon bölgenin fayın taban bloğuna göre, tavan bloğunda daha geniş tutulması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Acarlar, M., Bilgin, Z. A., Erkal, T., Güner, E., Şen, A.M., Umut, M., Elibol, E., Gedik, İ., Hakyemez, Y. ve Uğuz, M.F. (1991). Van Gölü Doğu Ve Kuzeyinin Jeolojisi. MTA Raporu, Ankara, No: 9469, 94s. AFNOR. (2000). NF P 94-110-1: Sols, Reconnaissances et essais-Essai pressiometrique Menard. French Standard, Edited by afnor, Paris-La defense, Publisher Location.
  • Akın, K. M., Akın, M., Akkaya, İ., Özvan, A., Üner, S., Selçuk, L. ve Tapan, M. (2015). Mikrobölgeleme çalışmasına altlık oluşturmak üzere Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi kampüs zemininin dinamik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 39(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295346
  • Akinci, A. and Antonioli, A. (2013). Observations and stochastic modelling of strong ground motions for the 2011 October 23Mw 7.1 Van, Turkey. Earthquake. Geophys. J. Int., 192(3), 1217-1239. htttps://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs075
  • Akkaya, İ., Özvan, A., Tapan, M., and Şengül, M. A. (2015). Determining the site effects of 23 October 2011 earthquake (Van province, Turkey) on the rural areas using HVSR microtremor method. Journal of Earth System Science, 124(7), 1429–1443.
  • Akkaya, İ., Özvan, A., and Özvan Erdeve, E. (2019) A new empirical correlation between pressuremeter modules (Em) and shear wave velocity (Vs) for clay soils. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103865
  • Akkaya, İ. and Özvan, A. (2019). Site characterization in the Van settlement (Eastern Turkey) using surface waves and HVSR microtremor methods. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 160, 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.11.009
  • APAGEO. (2006). Menard Pressuremeter (G Type) operating instructions, 2006 edition.
  • ASTM. (2010). Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM D4318-10el, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM. (2020). Standard Test Method for One-Dimentional Consolidation Properties of Soils, ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D 2850. (2015). Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils. ASTM D2850 - 15, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D1586/D1586M-18. (2018). Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils, ASTM D1586/D1586M-18, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Baquelin, F., Jezequel, J. F., and Shields, D. H. (1978). The pressuremeter and foundation engineering. Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Trans Tech Publications, Germany, 617 p.
  • Bowles, J. E. (1988). Foundation Analysis and Design. 4th Edition. McGraw Hill, 1023 p.
  • Casagrande, A. (1936). The Determination of the Pre-Consolidation Load and its Partical Significance. Discussion D-34, Proceeding of the First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 3, (pp. 60-64). Cambridge: Massachusetts.
  • Cetin, H. (1997). How did the Meers fault scarp form? paleoearthquake or aseismic creep? a soil mechanical perspective. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, 47, 289-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00028-8
  • Cetin, H. (2000).An experimental study of soil memory and preconsolidation adjacent to an active tectonic structure: the Meers fault, Oklahoma, USA. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, 57, 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00026-0
  • Degens, E. T., Wong, H. K., Kurtman, F. and Finckh, P. (1978). Geological development of Lake Van: summary. ın: the geology of Lake Van, (editors: Degens, e.t., Kurtman F.). The Mineral Researchand Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA), Publication No:169, 134-146.
  • Dewey, J. F., Hempton, M. R., Kidd, W. S. F., Şaroğlu, F., and Şengör, A. M. C. (1986). Shortening of continental lithosphere: the neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia a young collision zone. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 19, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.01
  • Esu, F. and Calabresi, G. (1969) Slope stability in an overconsolidated clay. In: Proceedings of 7th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Mexico City, Mexico, 2, 555–563.
  • Koçyiğit, A. (2013). New field and seismic data about the intraplate strike-slip deformation in Van region, East Anatolian plateau, E. Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 586–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.11.008
  • Mair, R. J. ve Wood, D. M. (1987). Pressuremeter testing methods and interpretation. CIRIA, ISSN:0-408-02434-8.
  • Menard, L. (1957). An apparatus for measuring the strength of soils in place. Thesis, University of Illinois.
  • Menard, L. (1975). The Menard Pressuremeter: Interpretation and Application of Pressuremeter Test Results to Foundation Design, D.60.AN. Sols Soils, (26), 5-43.
  • Özvan, A., Akkaya, İ., and Tapan, M. (2018). An approach for determining the relationship between the parameters of pressuremeter and SPT in different consistency clays in Eastern Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and The Environment, 77, 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1020-9
  • Özvan Erdeve, E. (2019). Van/Bardakçı bölgesi zeminlerinde arazi ve laboratuvar deneyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin jeoteknik ve istatistiksel açıdan incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • Özvan, A., Özvan Erdeve, E., Akkaya İ., Akın M., and Akın M. (2019). A study of the relationship between The Pressuremeter Modulus and The Preconsolidation Pressure around a thrust fault. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, 596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8597-1
  • Şengör, A. M. C. and Kidd, W. S. F. (1979). Post-collisional tectonics of The Turkish–Iranian plateau and a comparison with Tibet. Tectonophys. 55, 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90184-7
  • Şaroğlu, F. ve Yılmaz, Y. (1986). Doğu Anadolu’da neotektonik dönemdeki jeolojik evrim ve havza modelleri. MTA Dergisi, 107, 73-94.
  • Selçuk, L. (2003). Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Zeve Kampüsü yerleşim alanının mühendislik jeolojisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van.
  • Tchalenko, J.S. (1967) The influence of shear and consolidation on the microscopic structure of some clays. Ph D Thesis, University of London, London, UK.

Evaluation of the Van thrust fault buffer zone within the framework of the provincıal level disaster risk reduction plan (IRAP)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1036 - 1046, 15.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.933740

Öz

Within the scope of the Provincial Level Disaster Risk Reduction Plan (IRAP) carried out by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) in provinces with earthquake probability, the risk map of the cities has been started to be prepared. One of the priority titles of risk studies is determining the buffer zones of faults. The deformation and risk caused by the fault in the settlement area cause loss of area and value on the surface. In order to prevent loss of life and property during a possible earthquake, great importance to determine the buffer zone correctly. In this study, the engineering properties of the Pleistocene-Holocene clay deposits in the Van / Bardakçı region, which consists of old lake and stream sediments located in the east of Lake Van, and how the thrust fault cutting these sediments affects the soils properties was investigated. The characteristics of the soils were determined on the clay samples taken from both the hanging and foot walls by drillings along the Van Fault which caused the 23 October 2011 (Mw = 7.1) Van earthquake. In the field, Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Menard Pressiometer Test (MPT) were performed. At the same time, disturbed and undisturbed (UD) soil samples were taken from the clay deposits and their physical and mechanical properties were determined in the laboratory. When the results were evaluated, it has been determined that the soil properties of the hanging wall show lower strength properties than the footwall in the zone near to the fault. In disaster risk evaluations, it was concluded that the buffer zone on the hanging wall should be wider than on the foot wall in thrust fault zones.

Kaynakça

  • Acarlar, M., Bilgin, Z. A., Erkal, T., Güner, E., Şen, A.M., Umut, M., Elibol, E., Gedik, İ., Hakyemez, Y. ve Uğuz, M.F. (1991). Van Gölü Doğu Ve Kuzeyinin Jeolojisi. MTA Raporu, Ankara, No: 9469, 94s. AFNOR. (2000). NF P 94-110-1: Sols, Reconnaissances et essais-Essai pressiometrique Menard. French Standard, Edited by afnor, Paris-La defense, Publisher Location.
  • Akın, K. M., Akın, M., Akkaya, İ., Özvan, A., Üner, S., Selçuk, L. ve Tapan, M. (2015). Mikrobölgeleme çalışmasına altlık oluşturmak üzere Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi kampüs zemininin dinamik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 39(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.295346
  • Akinci, A. and Antonioli, A. (2013). Observations and stochastic modelling of strong ground motions for the 2011 October 23Mw 7.1 Van, Turkey. Earthquake. Geophys. J. Int., 192(3), 1217-1239. htttps://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs075
  • Akkaya, İ., Özvan, A., Tapan, M., and Şengül, M. A. (2015). Determining the site effects of 23 October 2011 earthquake (Van province, Turkey) on the rural areas using HVSR microtremor method. Journal of Earth System Science, 124(7), 1429–1443.
  • Akkaya, İ., Özvan, A., and Özvan Erdeve, E. (2019) A new empirical correlation between pressuremeter modules (Em) and shear wave velocity (Vs) for clay soils. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103865
  • Akkaya, İ. and Özvan, A. (2019). Site characterization in the Van settlement (Eastern Turkey) using surface waves and HVSR microtremor methods. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 160, 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.11.009
  • APAGEO. (2006). Menard Pressuremeter (G Type) operating instructions, 2006 edition.
  • ASTM. (2010). Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM D4318-10el, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM. (2020). Standard Test Method for One-Dimentional Consolidation Properties of Soils, ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D 2850. (2015). Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils. ASTM D2850 - 15, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D1586/D1586M-18. (2018). Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils, ASTM D1586/D1586M-18, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Baquelin, F., Jezequel, J. F., and Shields, D. H. (1978). The pressuremeter and foundation engineering. Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Trans Tech Publications, Germany, 617 p.
  • Bowles, J. E. (1988). Foundation Analysis and Design. 4th Edition. McGraw Hill, 1023 p.
  • Casagrande, A. (1936). The Determination of the Pre-Consolidation Load and its Partical Significance. Discussion D-34, Proceeding of the First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 3, (pp. 60-64). Cambridge: Massachusetts.
  • Cetin, H. (1997). How did the Meers fault scarp form? paleoearthquake or aseismic creep? a soil mechanical perspective. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, 47, 289-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00028-8
  • Cetin, H. (2000).An experimental study of soil memory and preconsolidation adjacent to an active tectonic structure: the Meers fault, Oklahoma, USA. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, 57, 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00026-0
  • Degens, E. T., Wong, H. K., Kurtman, F. and Finckh, P. (1978). Geological development of Lake Van: summary. ın: the geology of Lake Van, (editors: Degens, e.t., Kurtman F.). The Mineral Researchand Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA), Publication No:169, 134-146.
  • Dewey, J. F., Hempton, M. R., Kidd, W. S. F., Şaroğlu, F., and Şengör, A. M. C. (1986). Shortening of continental lithosphere: the neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia a young collision zone. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 19, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.01
  • Esu, F. and Calabresi, G. (1969) Slope stability in an overconsolidated clay. In: Proceedings of 7th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Mexico City, Mexico, 2, 555–563.
  • Koçyiğit, A. (2013). New field and seismic data about the intraplate strike-slip deformation in Van region, East Anatolian plateau, E. Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 62, 586–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.11.008
  • Mair, R. J. ve Wood, D. M. (1987). Pressuremeter testing methods and interpretation. CIRIA, ISSN:0-408-02434-8.
  • Menard, L. (1957). An apparatus for measuring the strength of soils in place. Thesis, University of Illinois.
  • Menard, L. (1975). The Menard Pressuremeter: Interpretation and Application of Pressuremeter Test Results to Foundation Design, D.60.AN. Sols Soils, (26), 5-43.
  • Özvan, A., Akkaya, İ., and Tapan, M. (2018). An approach for determining the relationship between the parameters of pressuremeter and SPT in different consistency clays in Eastern Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and The Environment, 77, 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1020-9
  • Özvan Erdeve, E. (2019). Van/Bardakçı bölgesi zeminlerinde arazi ve laboratuvar deneyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin jeoteknik ve istatistiksel açıdan incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
  • Özvan, A., Özvan Erdeve, E., Akkaya İ., Akın M., and Akın M. (2019). A study of the relationship between The Pressuremeter Modulus and The Preconsolidation Pressure around a thrust fault. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, 596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8597-1
  • Şengör, A. M. C. and Kidd, W. S. F. (1979). Post-collisional tectonics of The Turkish–Iranian plateau and a comparison with Tibet. Tectonophys. 55, 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90184-7
  • Şaroğlu, F. ve Yılmaz, Y. (1986). Doğu Anadolu’da neotektonik dönemdeki jeolojik evrim ve havza modelleri. MTA Dergisi, 107, 73-94.
  • Selçuk, L. (2003). Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Zeve Kampüsü yerleşim alanının mühendislik jeolojisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van.
  • Tchalenko, J.S. (1967) The influence of shear and consolidation on the microscopic structure of some clays. Ph D Thesis, University of London, London, UK.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Elif Erdeve Özvan 0000-0002-3355-3432

Hasan Çetin 0000-0002-8301-5405

Ali Özvan 0000-0001-5459-3989

İsmail Akkaya 0000-0002-7682-962X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 17 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdeve Özvan, E., Çetin, H., Özvan, A., Akkaya, İ. (2021). Van bindirme fayı tampon zonunun il afet risk azaltma planı (İRAP) çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 1036-1046. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.933740

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