Dönüşüm faktörünü kullanarak nokta yükü dayanım indeksinden bazaltların tek eksenli basınç dayanımının tahmini

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1242 - 1249, 15.10.2021

Oumar Youssouf Mahamat Tahır Kadir Karaman

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.937826

Cited By: 1

Öz

Dönüşüm faktörü (k) nokta yükü dayanım indeksi (PLI) ile tek eksenli basınç dayanımı (UCS) arasındaki oran olup kayaçların UCS tahmininde 60 senedir kullanılmaktadır. Birçok araştırmacı magmatik, metamorfik ve tortul gibi farklı jeolojik kökenlerdeki kayaçlar için UCS ve PLI arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmıştır. Bazı çalışmalarda ise magmatik (piroklastik, volkanik, plütonik), tortul (kimyasal ve kırıntılı) ve metamorfik kayaçların (foliasyonlu ve foliasyonsuz) alt kökenlerine ilişkin k katsayıları araştırılmıştır. Literatür taramasına göre k katsayısı şeyl, kumtaşı ve kireçtaşı gibi bazı kayaçlar için yeterince çalışılmış olsa da bazaltlarda sınırlı sayıda çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı k katsayısının bazaltlar için değişimini bölgesel ve global açıdan incelemektir. k değerleri sıfır kesişim basit regresyon analizi ve UCS/PLI oranından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bazaltlar için en uygun k oranı aralığının 17≤ k ≤ 20 olması gerektiği tavsiye edilmiştir. Tek bir değer vermek gerekirse, ANOVA sonuçlarına göre k değerinin 19 olması uygun olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dönüşüm faktörü, Nokta yükü dayanım indeksi, Tek eksenli basınç dayanımı

Prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength of basalts from the point load strength index using the conversion factor

Öz

Conversion factor (k), the ratio between point load strength index (PLI) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), has been used for 60 years in UCS estimation of rocks. Many researchers have investigated the relationship between UCS and PLI for various rock types of different geological origins, such as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The k values for subclasses of igneous (pyroclastic, volcanic, and plutonic), sedimentary (chemical and clastic), and metamorphic (foliated and nonfoliated) rocks were investigated in some studies. According to the literature review, although the k has been studied sufficiently for some rocks such as shale, sandstone and limestone, it has been studied in a limited number of basalts. The aim of this study is to examine the variation of k for basalts from a regional and global perspective. The k values were obtained by zero-intercept simple regression analysis and the UCS/PLI ratio. In this study, it is suggested that the optimal k ratio should be in the range of 17≤ k ≤ 20 for the basalts. To give a single value, it would be appropriate for k to be 19 according to the ANOVA results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Conversion factor, Point load strength index, Uniaxial compressive strength

Kaynakça

• Aggistalis, G., Alivizatos, A., Stamoulis, D. and Stournaras, G. (1996). Correlating uniaxial compressive strength with schmidt hardness, point load index, young’s modulus, and mineralogy of gabbros and basalts (northern Greece). Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 54(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600650
• Akbay D., and Altındağ, R. (2020). Reliability and evaluation of point load index values obtained from different testing devices. Journal of the Southern Afrıcan Instıtute of Mınıng and Metallurgy , 120, 3, 181-190, http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/759/2020
• Bieniawski., Z.T. (1975). The point-load test in geotechnical practice. Engineering Geology, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(75)90024-1
• Broch, E. and Franklin, J. A. (1972). The point-load strength test. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 9(6), 669-676. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(72)90030-7
• D’Andrea, D. V., Fisher, R. L. and Fogelson, D. E. (1964). Prediction of compression strength from other rock properties. Colo School Mines, 59(4), 623–640.
• Dunnett, C.W. and Tamhane, A.C. (1992). A step-up multiple test procedure. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87(417), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1992.10475188
• Endait, M. and Juneja, A. (2015). New correlations between uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength of basalt. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 9(4), 348-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1939787914Y.0000000073
• Fener, M., Kahraman, S., Bilgil, A. and Gunaydin, O. (2005). A comparative evaluation of ındirect methods to estimate the compressive strength of rocks. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 38(4), 329-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-005-0061-8
• ISRM. (2007). The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. In: Ulusay, Hudson (Eds.), suggested methods Prepared by the Commission on Testing Methods, International Society for Rock Mechanics. ISRM Turkish National Group, (pp. 628). Ankara, Turkey.
• Kahraman, S. (2001). Evaluation of simple methods for assessing the uniaxial compressive strength of rock. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38(7), 981-994. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(01)00039-9
• Kahraman, S., Gunaydin, O. and Fener, M. (2005). The effect of porosity on the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and point load ındex. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 42(4), 584–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.02.004
• Kahraman, S. (2014). The determination of uniaxial compressive strength from point load strength for pyroclastic rocks. Engineering Geology, 170, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.12.009
• Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti. 4. Baskı (pp. 426). Ankara, Turkey.
• Karaman, K. and Kesimal, A. (2015). Evaluation of the ınfluence of porosity on the engineering properties of rocks from the eastern Black Sea region: NE Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(1), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-1217-6
• Karaman, K., Kesimal, A. and Ersoy, H. (2015à). A comparative assessment of ındirect methods for estimating the uniaxial compressive and tensile strength of rocks. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(4), 2393–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1384-0
• Karaman, K., Kaya, A. and Kesimal, A. (2015b). Use of the point load index in estimation of the strength rating for the RMR system. Journal of African Earth Sciences 106, 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.03.006
• Kaya, A. and Karaman, K. (2015). Utilizing the strength conversion factor in estimation of the uniaxial compressive strength from the point load ındex. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75(1), 341–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0721-1
• Kılıç, A. and Teymen, A. (2008). Determination of mechanical properties of rocks using simple methods. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 67(2), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-008-0128-3
• Kılıç, A. M., Karakuş, A. ve Keskin, M. Ö. (2003). Diyarbakır yöresi mermerlerinin fiziko-mekanik özellikleri-özgül enerji ilişkisi. Türkiye IV. Mermer sempozyumu (MERSEM '2003) Bildiriler Kitabı (pp. 159-171). Afyon, Türkiye.
• Okay, A. I. and Şahintürk, O. (1997). Geology of the eastern Pontides. AAPG memoirs 68: regional and petroleum geology of the Black Sea and surrounding region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, (pp. 291-311). Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
• Özdemir, E. ve Sarıcı D. E. (2019). Yazıhan (Malatya) bazaltının fiziko-mekanik özellikleri bakımından balast taşı olarak kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi. 1. Uluslararası Malatya Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi (pp. 295-299). Malatya, Türkiye.
• Panek, L. A. and Fannon, T. A. (1992). Size and shape effects in point load tests of irregular rock fragments. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 25(2), 109–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01040515
• Parlak, O., Çolakoğlu, A., Dönmez, C., Sayak, H., Türkel, A., Yıldırım, N. and Odabaşı, I. (2013). Geochemistry and tectonic significance of ophiolites along the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone in northeastern Anatolia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 372(1), 75-105. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp372.7
• Pells, P. J. N. (1975). The use of point load test in predicting the compressive strength of rock material Technical note. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 13(6), 54-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(76)91301-2
• Raj, K. and Pedram, R. (2015). Correlations between direct and indirect strength test methods. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 25(3), 355– 360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2015.03.005
• Read, J. R. L., Thornten, P. N. and Regan, W. M. (1980). A rational approach to the point load test. Proc. 3rd Australian-New Zealand Geomechanics Conference (pp. 35–39). Wellington, New Zealand.
• Sharo, A. A. and Al-Tawaha, M.S., (2019). Prediction of engineering properties of basaltic rocks in Jordan. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 10(1), 1731-1739.
• Şahin, M., Ulusay, R. and Karakul, H. (2020). Point load strength ındex of half-cut core specimens and correlation with uniaxial compressive strength. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 53(8), 3745–3760 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02137-9
• Singh, T. N., Kainthola, A. and Venkatesh, A. (2012). Correlation between point load ındex and uniaxial compressive strength for different rock types. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 45(2), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0192-z
• Topal, T. (2000). Nokta yükleme deneyi ile ilgili uygulamada karşılaşılan problemler. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 24(1), 73-86.
• Yıldız, S., Işık, N. ve Keleştemur, O. (2008). Diyarbakır-Karacadağ bazalt taşlarının mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Fırat Üniviversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (4), 617-626.