Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış karakavak odununda renk, parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 951 - 963, 15.07.2022

Ümit Ayata Nevzat Çakıcıer Levent Gürleyen

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.986610

Öz

Karakavak odunu mobilya, lambri ve kontrplak üretimi için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, karakavak (Populus nigra L.) odununa uygulanmış 3 ve 5 kat UV sistem vernik katmanları ile yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, yaşlandırma öncesi ve sonrasında (252 ve 504 saat) vernikli malzemeler üzerinde renk parametreleri (∆E*, ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, L*, a* ve b*), parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci (pull-off) testleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, her iki vernik türü için UVB-313 lambalarına sahip yaşlandırma koşulları sonralarında yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile yüzeye yapışma direncinde ve L* değerinde azalma belirlenirken, a* ve b* değerleri için artışlar meydana gelmiştir. ∆E* değerleri 3 kat uygulamasının 5 kat uygulamasınınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, her iki vernik uygulaması için bütün yönlerde ve derecelerde yapılan parlaklık ölçümleri, yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Salınımsal sertlikte 3 kat uygulamasına sahip yüzeylerin, 5 kat uygulamasınınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmüş, her iki vernik türünde de 252. saatin sonunda azalmalar görülürken, 504. saatin sonunda artış elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, istenilen sertlik direncine ait ortam koşullarına göre (mekân zemin tercihi) kullanım alanları doğrultusunda bu malzemenin kullanılması önerile bilinir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karakavak Parlaklık Renk Salınımsal sertlik UV sistem vernik Yüzeye yapışma

Kaynakça

  • Ali, M. A., Khan, M. A., & Ali, K. M. I. (1996). Comparative study of electron-beam- and ultraviolet-cured films of urethane acrylate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 60(6), 879-885. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960509)60:6<879::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-S.
  • Almeida, D. H., Almeida, T. H., & Christoforo, A. L. (2018). Mechanical properties of wood estimated by colorimetric technique. Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrüken.
  • ASTM D 2244-3 (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D 4366-95 (1984). Standard test methods for hardness of organic coatings by pendulum test, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ASTM D 4541 (1995). Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Ayata, U., Gurleyen, L., & Cakicier, N. (2016). The determination of the surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness values on laminated parquets of a UV system varnish applied oak wood derived by using different water-based paints. International Forestry Symposium, 07-10 December, Kastamonu, Turkey, 827-831.
  • Ayata, Ü. (2019). Effects of artificial weathering on the surface properties of ultraviolet varnish applied to lemonwood (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.). Bioresources, 14(4), 8313-8323. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.8313-8323.
  • Ayata, Ü., Efe, F. T., Türk, M., Çakıcıer, N., & Gürleyen, L. (2022). UV Sistem vernik uygulanmış iğde odununda renk ve salınımsal sertlik özellikleri üzerine farklı lambalara (UV-A ve -B) sahip hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 10(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1039629.
  • Ayata, Ü., & Cavus, V. (2018). The determination of the surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness on the parquets applied UV varnish as single and double layers. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 6(4), 541-545. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.388346.
  • Ayata, Ü., Çakıcıer, N., & Gürleyen, L. (2021a). İç mekânda kullanılan UV sistem parke verniği uygulamasına sahip kayısı odununda yapay yaşlandırma performansının belirlenmesi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.922311.
  • Ayata, Ü., Esteves, B., Gürleyen, L., Çakıcıer, N., Ferreira, J., Domingos, I., & Türk, M. (2021b). Effect of accelerated ageing on some surface properties of UV-coated hackberry (Celtis australis L.) wood parquet. Drewno, 64(208), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.383.09.
  • Ayata, Ü., Gurleyen, L., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., & Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effect of heat treatment (ThermoWood) on some surface properties of parquet beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) with different layers of UV system applied. BioResources, 12(2), 3876-3889. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.2.3876-3889.
  • Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, T., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., & Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). 212oC’de 2 saat süreyle ısıl işlem görmüş (ThermoWood) ve tek/çift kat UV sistem parke vernik uygulanmış dişbudak (Fraxinus excelsior) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1318-1326.
  • Ayata, Ü., Şahin, S., Gürleyen, L., & Esteves, B. (2018). UV sistem vernik uygulanmış lamine parkelerde yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine termal yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Multidisipliner Çalışmalar-3 (Sağlık ve Fen Bilimleri), Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Birinci Basım, Ocak 2018, Editörler: Rıdvan KARAPINAR, Murat A. KUŞ, Ankara, Türkiye, 301-311. ISBN: 978-605-288-223-8.
  • Bal, B. C., & Ayata, Ü. (2020). Karaçam ve karakavak odunlarının bazı mekanik özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21(4), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.795698.
  • Balatinecz, J. J., Kretschmann, D. E., & Leclercq, A. (2001). Achievements in the utilization of poplar wood-guideposts for the future. Forestry Chronicle, 77(2), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc77265-2.
  • Banov, A. (1973). Paints and Coatings Handbook, Structures Publishing Company, Farmington.
  • Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., & Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
  • Brischke, C., Bayerbach, R., & Otto Rapp, A. (2006). Decay-influencing factors: A basis for service life prediction of wood and wood-based products. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 1(3-4), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480270601019658.
  • Cavus, V., Sahin, S., Esteves, B., & Ayata, U. (2019). Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey. Bioresources, 14(3), 6709-6715. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715.
  • Chang, S. T., & Chou, P. L. (2000). Photodiscoloration inhibition of wood coated with UV-curable acrylic clear coatings and its elucidation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 69(3), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00082-3.
  • Choi, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2006). Three hardness test methods and their relationship on UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings for wooden flooring systems. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 12(3), 412-417.
  • Clerc, G., Brülisauer, M., Affolter, S., Volkmer, T., Pichelin, F., & Niemz, P. (2017). Characterization of the ageing process of one-component polyurethane moisture curing wood adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 72, 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.09.008.
  • Çavuş, V. (2021). Weathering performance of mulberry wood with UV varnish applied and its mechanical properties. BioResources, 16(4), 6791-6798. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.6791-6798.
  • Çavuş, V., & Kara, M. (2020). Experimental determination of sound transmission loss of some wood species. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 20(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801786.
  • de Moura, L. F., Brito, J. O., Nolasco, A. M., Uliana, L. R., & Muniz, G. I. B. (2013). Evaluation of coating performance and color stability on thermally rectified Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis woods. Wood Research, 58(2), 231-242.
  • Davis, A. (1977). In: Grassie N, editor. The weathering of polymers in development in polymer degradation - 1. London: Applied Science Publishers.
  • Ettwein, F., Rohrer-Vanzo, V., Langhthaler, G., Werner, A., Stern, T., Moser, O., Leitner, R., & Regenfelder, K. (2017). Consumer’s perception of high gloss furniture: Instrumental gloss measurement versus visual gloss evaluation. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-017-1197-4.
  • Evans, P. D. (1996). The influence of season and angle of exposure on the weathering of wood. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 54, 200.
  • Feist, W. C. (1982). Weathering of wood in structural uses, Structural uses of wood in adverse environments. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, pp 156-178.
  • Ged, G., Obein, G., Silvestri, Z., Rohellec, J., & Viénot, F. (2010). Recognizing real materials from their glossy appearance. Journal of Vision, 10(9), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1167/10.9.18.
  • Gurleyen, L. (2021). Effects of artificial weathering on the color, gloss, adhesion, and pendulum hardness of UV system parquet varnish applied to doussie (Afzelia africana) wood. BioResources, 16(1), 1616-1627. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1616-1627.
  • Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., & Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effects of heat treatment on the adhesion strength, pendulum hardness, surface roughness, color and glossiness of scots pine laminated parquet with two different types of UV varnish application. Maderas-Ciencia y Tecnologia, 19(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000019.
  • Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., & Cakicier, N. (2019). Effects of thermal modification of oak wood upon selected properties of coating systems. Bioresources, 14(1), 1838-1849. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1838-1849.
  • Gürleyen, L. (2020). UV sistem parke verniği uygulanmış gülibrişim (Albizia julibrissin) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21(4), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.795597.
  • Gürleyen, T., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., & Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). Üvez (Sorbus L.) odununa uygulanan tek ve çift kat UV Sistem parke vernik katmanlarında renk, parlaklık ve salınımsal sertlik değerlerinin belirlenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1327-1336.
  • Gürleyen, T., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Sivrikaya, H., & Can, A. (2017c). Tek ve çift kat UV vernik sistemi uygulanmış parkelerde renk ve parlaklık değerlerinin belirlenmesi. 2. Uluslararası Malzeme Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Konferansı Kapadokya (IMSTEC 2017), 11-13 Ekim, Nevşehir, Türkiye, 408-412.
  • Hashemi, S. K. H., Latibari, A. J., Khademi-Eslam, H., & Alamuti, R. F. (2010). Effect of boric acid treatment on decay resistance and mechanical properties of poplar wood. BioResources, 5(2), 690-698.
  • Herrera, R., Sandak, J., Robles, E., Krystofiak, T., & Labidi, J. (2018). Weathering resistance of thermally modified wood finished with coatings of diverse formulations. Progress in Organic Coatings, 119, 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.02.015.
  • Holman, R. (1984). U.V. and E.B. Curing Formulation for Printing Inks, Coatings and Paints. p. 7-18, Selective Industrial Training Associates Limited, London, U.K.
  • ISO 2813 (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 4892-3 (2016). Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps, The International Organization for Standardization.
  • Kaboorani, A., Auclair, N., Riedl, B., & Landry, V. (2017). Mechanical properties of UV-cured cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposite coating for wood furniture. Progress in Organic Coatings, 104, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.11.031.
  • Kayaman-Apohan, N., Amanoel, A., Arsu, N., & Güngör, A. (2003). Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable vinyl ether functionalized urethane oligomers. Progress in Organic Coating, 49, 23-32.
  • Kaygin, B., & Akgun, E. (2009). A nano-technological product: An innovative varnish type for wooden surfaces. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(1), 001-007.
  • Koleske, J. V. (2002). Radiation Curing of Coatings, p. 218-221, Bridgeport, NJ, U.S.A.
  • Kunwong, D., Sumanochitraporn, N., & Kaewpirom, S. (2011). Curing behavior of a UV-curable coating based on urethane acrylate oligomer: the influence of reactive monomers. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 33(2), 201-207.
  • Landry, V., Blanchet, P., & Riedl, B. (2010). Mechanical and optical properties of clay-based nanocomposites coatings for wood flooring. Progress in Organic Coatings, 67(4), 381-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2009.12.011.
  • Li, X., Wang, D., Zhao, L., Hou, X., Liu, L., Feng, B., Li, M., Zheng, P., Zhao, X., & Wei, S. (2021). UV LED curable epoxy soybean-oil-based waterborne PUA resin for wood coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 151, 105942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105942.
  • Macleod, I. T., Scully, A. D., Ghiggino, K. P., Ritchie, P. J. A., Paravagna, O. M., & Leary, B. (1995). Photodegradation at the wood-clearcoat interface. Wood Science and Technology, 29(3), 183-189.
  • Moon, J. H., Shul, Y. G., Hong, S. Y., Choi, Y. S., & Kim, H. T. (2005). A study on UV-curable adhesives for optical pick-up: I. Photo-initiator effects. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 25(4), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2004.09.003.
  • Mosjewski, R. (1999). UV Curing for Wood Applications. Radtech Report.
  • Narlıoğlu, N. (2012). Kimyasal kâğıt hamuru üretiminde sodyum borhidrür’ün verim ve kristalite üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Patel, M. M., Patel, K. I., Patel, H. B., & Parmar, J. S. (2009). UV curable polyurethane coatings derived from cellulose. Iranian Polymer Journal, 18(11), 903-915.
  • Perrin, F. X., Irigoyen, M., Aragon, E., & Vernet, J. L. (2001). Evaluation of accelerated weathering tests for three paint systems: a comparative study of their ageing behaviour. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 72(1), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00005-2.
  • Reinprecht, L. (2016). Natural Durability of Wood. Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, pp. 14-16.
  • Roche, G. (1998). Low-VOC Coatings Using Reactive Diluents, Demonstration Project.
  • Ross, J. S., & Sigel, G. A. (2006). Armstrong’s World Coatings Quality Journey, Radtech Report.
  • Rosu, D., Teaca, C. A., Bodirlau, R., & Rosu, L. (2010). FTIR and color change of the modified wood as a result of artificial light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 99(3), 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.03.010.
  • Rowell, R. M. (2012). Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites. 2nd ed.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2012; pp. 152-199.
  • Salca, E. A., Krystofiak, T., Lis, B., Mazela, B., & Proszyk, S. (2016). Some coating properties of black alder wood as a function of varnish type and application method. BioResources, 11(3), 7580-7594. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.3.7580-7594.
  • Sandak, J., Sandak, A., Grossi, P., & Petrillo, M. (2018). Simulation and visualization of aesthetic performance of bio-based building skin. Presented at IRG49 Scientific Conference on Wood Protection, Johannesburg, South Africa, 29 April-3 May 2018. IRG/WP 18-2063.
  • Scrinzi, E., Rossi, S., & Deflorian, F. (2011a). Influence of natural and artificial weathering on aesthetic and protective properties of organic coatings. Corrosion Reviews, 9(5-6), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1515/CORRREV.2011.007.
  • Scrinzi, E., Rossi, S., Deflorian, F., & Zanella, C. (2011b). Evaluation of aesthetic durability of waterborne polyurethane coatings applied on wood for interior applications. Progress in Organic Coatings, 72(1-2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.03.013.
  • Singh, R. P., Tomer, N. S., & Bhadraiah, S. V. (2001). Photo-oxidation studies on polyurethane coating: effect of additives on yellowing of polyurethane. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 73(3), 443-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00127-6.
  • Söğütlü, C., & Sönmez, A. (2006). Değişik koruyucular ile işlem görmüş bazı yerli ağaçlarda UV ışınlarının renk değiştirici etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 151-159.
  • Sönmez, A. (1989). Ağaçtan yapılmış mobilya üstyüzeylerinde kullanılan verniklerin önemli mekanik fiziksel ve kimyasal etkilere karşı dayanıklılıkları. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Srivastava, A., Agarwal, D., Mistry, S., & Singh, J. (2008). UV curable polyurethane acrylate coatings for metal surfaces. Pigment & Resin Technology, 37(4), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/03699420810887843.
  • Stachowiak-Wencek, A. (2019). Influence of the packing method of wood products on the emission of volatile organic compounds. Wood Research, 64(3), 515-528.
  • TS ISO 13061-1 (2021). Odunun fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri - Kusursuz küçük ahşap numunelerin deney yöntemleri - Bölüm 1: Fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler için nem muhtevasının belirlenmesi. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Vardanyan, V., Poaty, B., Chauve, G., Landry, V., Galstian, T., & Riedl, B. (2014). Mechanical properties of UV-waterborne varnishes reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 11(6), 841-852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9598-3.
  • Vardi, J., Golan, A., Levy, D., & Gilead, I. (2010). Tracing sickle-blade levels of wear and discard patterns: A new sickle gloss quantification method. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(7), 1716-1724. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.031.
  • Viengkhou, V., Ng, L. T., & Garnett, J. L. (1996). Role of additives on UV curable coatings on wood. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 61(3), 2361-2366.
  • Wang, F., Hu, J. Q., & Tu, W. P. (2008). Study on microstructure of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate films. Progress in Organic Coatings, 62(3), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.12.005.
  • Wang, J., Wu, H., Liu, R., Long, L., Xu, J., Chen, M., & Qiu, H. (2019). Preparation of a fast water-based UV cured polyurethane-acrylate wood coating and the effect of coating amount on the surface properties of oak (Quercus alba L.). Polymers, 11, 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091414.
  • Zhao, Z., Niu, Y., & Chen, F. (2021). Development and finishing technology of waterborne UV lacquer-coated wooden flooring. BioResources 16(1), 1101-1114. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1101-1114.

The effect of artificial aging on color, glossiness, pendulum hardness and adhesion to the surface of black poplar wood treated with UV curable varnish

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 951 - 963, 15.07.2022

Ümit Ayata Nevzat Çakıcıer Levent Gürleyen

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.986610

Öz

Black poplar wood is used for the manufacture of furniture, paneling, and plywood. In this study, the relationship between 3 and 5 layers of UV system varnish applied to black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood and artificial aging was investigated. In addition, before and after aging (252 and 504 hours), color parameters (∆E*, ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, L*, a*, and b*), glossiness, pendulum hardness, and surface adhesion resistance (pull-off) tests were performed on varnished materials. According to the results obtained, for both varnish types, a decrease in surface adhesion resistance and L* value was determined with the increase of aging time after aging conditions with UVB-313 lamps, while increases were determined for a* and b* values. ∆E* values were found to be higher than that of the 3-layer application. In addition, it was determined that the measurements made in all directions and degrees glossiness for both varnish applications decreased with increasing aging time. It was observed that the pendulum hardness of the surfaces with 3 coats application was higher than that of the 5 coat application, while decreases were observed at the end of the 252 hours in both varnish types, while an increase was obtained at the end of the 504 hours. As a result, it is recommended to use this material in line with the usage areas according to the ambient conditions of the desired hardness resistance (space floor preference).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black poplar Glossiness Color Pendulum hardness UV system varnish Adhesion resistance

Kaynakça

  • Ali, M. A., Khan, M. A., & Ali, K. M. I. (1996). Comparative study of electron-beam- and ultraviolet-cured films of urethane acrylate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 60(6), 879-885. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960509)60:6<879::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-S.
  • Almeida, D. H., Almeida, T. H., & Christoforo, A. L. (2018). Mechanical properties of wood estimated by colorimetric technique. Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrüken.
  • ASTM D 2244-3 (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM D 4366-95 (1984). Standard test methods for hardness of organic coatings by pendulum test, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ASTM D 4541 (1995). Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Ayata, U., Gurleyen, L., & Cakicier, N. (2016). The determination of the surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness values on laminated parquets of a UV system varnish applied oak wood derived by using different water-based paints. International Forestry Symposium, 07-10 December, Kastamonu, Turkey, 827-831.
  • Ayata, Ü. (2019). Effects of artificial weathering on the surface properties of ultraviolet varnish applied to lemonwood (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.). Bioresources, 14(4), 8313-8323. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.8313-8323.
  • Ayata, Ü., Efe, F. T., Türk, M., Çakıcıer, N., & Gürleyen, L. (2022). UV Sistem vernik uygulanmış iğde odununda renk ve salınımsal sertlik özellikleri üzerine farklı lambalara (UV-A ve -B) sahip hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 10(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1039629.
  • Ayata, Ü., & Cavus, V. (2018). The determination of the surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness on the parquets applied UV varnish as single and double layers. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 6(4), 541-545. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.388346.
  • Ayata, Ü., Çakıcıer, N., & Gürleyen, L. (2021a). İç mekânda kullanılan UV sistem parke verniği uygulamasına sahip kayısı odununda yapay yaşlandırma performansının belirlenmesi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.922311.
  • Ayata, Ü., Esteves, B., Gürleyen, L., Çakıcıer, N., Ferreira, J., Domingos, I., & Türk, M. (2021b). Effect of accelerated ageing on some surface properties of UV-coated hackberry (Celtis australis L.) wood parquet. Drewno, 64(208), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.383.09.
  • Ayata, Ü., Gurleyen, L., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., & Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effect of heat treatment (ThermoWood) on some surface properties of parquet beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) with different layers of UV system applied. BioResources, 12(2), 3876-3889. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.2.3876-3889.
  • Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, T., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., & Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). 212oC’de 2 saat süreyle ısıl işlem görmüş (ThermoWood) ve tek/çift kat UV sistem parke vernik uygulanmış dişbudak (Fraxinus excelsior) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1318-1326.
  • Ayata, Ü., Şahin, S., Gürleyen, L., & Esteves, B. (2018). UV sistem vernik uygulanmış lamine parkelerde yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine termal yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Multidisipliner Çalışmalar-3 (Sağlık ve Fen Bilimleri), Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Birinci Basım, Ocak 2018, Editörler: Rıdvan KARAPINAR, Murat A. KUŞ, Ankara, Türkiye, 301-311. ISBN: 978-605-288-223-8.
  • Bal, B. C., & Ayata, Ü. (2020). Karaçam ve karakavak odunlarının bazı mekanik özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21(4), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.795698.
  • Balatinecz, J. J., Kretschmann, D. E., & Leclercq, A. (2001). Achievements in the utilization of poplar wood-guideposts for the future. Forestry Chronicle, 77(2), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc77265-2.
  • Banov, A. (1973). Paints and Coatings Handbook, Structures Publishing Company, Farmington.
  • Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., & Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
  • Brischke, C., Bayerbach, R., & Otto Rapp, A. (2006). Decay-influencing factors: A basis for service life prediction of wood and wood-based products. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 1(3-4), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480270601019658.
  • Cavus, V., Sahin, S., Esteves, B., & Ayata, U. (2019). Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey. Bioresources, 14(3), 6709-6715. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715.
  • Chang, S. T., & Chou, P. L. (2000). Photodiscoloration inhibition of wood coated with UV-curable acrylic clear coatings and its elucidation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 69(3), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00082-3.
  • Choi, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2006). Three hardness test methods and their relationship on UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings for wooden flooring systems. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 12(3), 412-417.
  • Clerc, G., Brülisauer, M., Affolter, S., Volkmer, T., Pichelin, F., & Niemz, P. (2017). Characterization of the ageing process of one-component polyurethane moisture curing wood adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 72, 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.09.008.
  • Çavuş, V. (2021). Weathering performance of mulberry wood with UV varnish applied and its mechanical properties. BioResources, 16(4), 6791-6798. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.6791-6798.
  • Çavuş, V., & Kara, M. (2020). Experimental determination of sound transmission loss of some wood species. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 20(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801786.
  • de Moura, L. F., Brito, J. O., Nolasco, A. M., Uliana, L. R., & Muniz, G. I. B. (2013). Evaluation of coating performance and color stability on thermally rectified Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis woods. Wood Research, 58(2), 231-242.
  • Davis, A. (1977). In: Grassie N, editor. The weathering of polymers in development in polymer degradation - 1. London: Applied Science Publishers.
  • Ettwein, F., Rohrer-Vanzo, V., Langhthaler, G., Werner, A., Stern, T., Moser, O., Leitner, R., & Regenfelder, K. (2017). Consumer’s perception of high gloss furniture: Instrumental gloss measurement versus visual gloss evaluation. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-017-1197-4.
  • Evans, P. D. (1996). The influence of season and angle of exposure on the weathering of wood. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 54, 200.
  • Feist, W. C. (1982). Weathering of wood in structural uses, Structural uses of wood in adverse environments. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, pp 156-178.
  • Ged, G., Obein, G., Silvestri, Z., Rohellec, J., & Viénot, F. (2010). Recognizing real materials from their glossy appearance. Journal of Vision, 10(9), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1167/10.9.18.
  • Gurleyen, L. (2021). Effects of artificial weathering on the color, gloss, adhesion, and pendulum hardness of UV system parquet varnish applied to doussie (Afzelia africana) wood. BioResources, 16(1), 1616-1627. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1616-1627.
  • Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., & Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effects of heat treatment on the adhesion strength, pendulum hardness, surface roughness, color and glossiness of scots pine laminated parquet with two different types of UV varnish application. Maderas-Ciencia y Tecnologia, 19(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000019.
  • Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., & Cakicier, N. (2019). Effects of thermal modification of oak wood upon selected properties of coating systems. Bioresources, 14(1), 1838-1849. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1838-1849.
  • Gürleyen, L. (2020). UV sistem parke verniği uygulanmış gülibrişim (Albizia julibrissin) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21(4), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.795597.
  • Gürleyen, T., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., & Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). Üvez (Sorbus L.) odununa uygulanan tek ve çift kat UV Sistem parke vernik katmanlarında renk, parlaklık ve salınımsal sertlik değerlerinin belirlenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1327-1336.
  • Gürleyen, T., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Sivrikaya, H., & Can, A. (2017c). Tek ve çift kat UV vernik sistemi uygulanmış parkelerde renk ve parlaklık değerlerinin belirlenmesi. 2. Uluslararası Malzeme Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Konferansı Kapadokya (IMSTEC 2017), 11-13 Ekim, Nevşehir, Türkiye, 408-412.
  • Hashemi, S. K. H., Latibari, A. J., Khademi-Eslam, H., & Alamuti, R. F. (2010). Effect of boric acid treatment on decay resistance and mechanical properties of poplar wood. BioResources, 5(2), 690-698.
  • Herrera, R., Sandak, J., Robles, E., Krystofiak, T., & Labidi, J. (2018). Weathering resistance of thermally modified wood finished with coatings of diverse formulations. Progress in Organic Coatings, 119, 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.02.015.
  • Holman, R. (1984). U.V. and E.B. Curing Formulation for Printing Inks, Coatings and Paints. p. 7-18, Selective Industrial Training Associates Limited, London, U.K.
  • ISO 2813 (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 4892-3 (2016). Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps, The International Organization for Standardization.
  • Kaboorani, A., Auclair, N., Riedl, B., & Landry, V. (2017). Mechanical properties of UV-cured cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposite coating for wood furniture. Progress in Organic Coatings, 104, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.11.031.
  • Kayaman-Apohan, N., Amanoel, A., Arsu, N., & Güngör, A. (2003). Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable vinyl ether functionalized urethane oligomers. Progress in Organic Coating, 49, 23-32.
  • Kaygin, B., & Akgun, E. (2009). A nano-technological product: An innovative varnish type for wooden surfaces. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(1), 001-007.
  • Koleske, J. V. (2002). Radiation Curing of Coatings, p. 218-221, Bridgeport, NJ, U.S.A.
  • Kunwong, D., Sumanochitraporn, N., & Kaewpirom, S. (2011). Curing behavior of a UV-curable coating based on urethane acrylate oligomer: the influence of reactive monomers. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 33(2), 201-207.
  • Landry, V., Blanchet, P., & Riedl, B. (2010). Mechanical and optical properties of clay-based nanocomposites coatings for wood flooring. Progress in Organic Coatings, 67(4), 381-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2009.12.011.
  • Li, X., Wang, D., Zhao, L., Hou, X., Liu, L., Feng, B., Li, M., Zheng, P., Zhao, X., & Wei, S. (2021). UV LED curable epoxy soybean-oil-based waterborne PUA resin for wood coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 151, 105942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105942.
  • Macleod, I. T., Scully, A. D., Ghiggino, K. P., Ritchie, P. J. A., Paravagna, O. M., & Leary, B. (1995). Photodegradation at the wood-clearcoat interface. Wood Science and Technology, 29(3), 183-189.
  • Moon, J. H., Shul, Y. G., Hong, S. Y., Choi, Y. S., & Kim, H. T. (2005). A study on UV-curable adhesives for optical pick-up: I. Photo-initiator effects. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 25(4), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2004.09.003.
  • Mosjewski, R. (1999). UV Curing for Wood Applications. Radtech Report.
  • Narlıoğlu, N. (2012). Kimyasal kâğıt hamuru üretiminde sodyum borhidrür’ün verim ve kristalite üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Patel, M. M., Patel, K. I., Patel, H. B., & Parmar, J. S. (2009). UV curable polyurethane coatings derived from cellulose. Iranian Polymer Journal, 18(11), 903-915.
  • Perrin, F. X., Irigoyen, M., Aragon, E., & Vernet, J. L. (2001). Evaluation of accelerated weathering tests for three paint systems: a comparative study of their ageing behaviour. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 72(1), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00005-2.
  • Reinprecht, L. (2016). Natural Durability of Wood. Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, pp. 14-16.
  • Roche, G. (1998). Low-VOC Coatings Using Reactive Diluents, Demonstration Project.
  • Ross, J. S., & Sigel, G. A. (2006). Armstrong’s World Coatings Quality Journey, Radtech Report.
  • Rosu, D., Teaca, C. A., Bodirlau, R., & Rosu, L. (2010). FTIR and color change of the modified wood as a result of artificial light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 99(3), 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.03.010.
  • Rowell, R. M. (2012). Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites. 2nd ed.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2012; pp. 152-199.
  • Salca, E. A., Krystofiak, T., Lis, B., Mazela, B., & Proszyk, S. (2016). Some coating properties of black alder wood as a function of varnish type and application method. BioResources, 11(3), 7580-7594. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.3.7580-7594.
  • Sandak, J., Sandak, A., Grossi, P., & Petrillo, M. (2018). Simulation and visualization of aesthetic performance of bio-based building skin. Presented at IRG49 Scientific Conference on Wood Protection, Johannesburg, South Africa, 29 April-3 May 2018. IRG/WP 18-2063.
  • Scrinzi, E., Rossi, S., & Deflorian, F. (2011a). Influence of natural and artificial weathering on aesthetic and protective properties of organic coatings. Corrosion Reviews, 9(5-6), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1515/CORRREV.2011.007.
  • Scrinzi, E., Rossi, S., Deflorian, F., & Zanella, C. (2011b). Evaluation of aesthetic durability of waterborne polyurethane coatings applied on wood for interior applications. Progress in Organic Coatings, 72(1-2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.03.013.
  • Singh, R. P., Tomer, N. S., & Bhadraiah, S. V. (2001). Photo-oxidation studies on polyurethane coating: effect of additives on yellowing of polyurethane. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 73(3), 443-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00127-6.
  • Söğütlü, C., & Sönmez, A. (2006). Değişik koruyucular ile işlem görmüş bazı yerli ağaçlarda UV ışınlarının renk değiştirici etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 151-159.
  • Sönmez, A. (1989). Ağaçtan yapılmış mobilya üstyüzeylerinde kullanılan verniklerin önemli mekanik fiziksel ve kimyasal etkilere karşı dayanıklılıkları. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Srivastava, A., Agarwal, D., Mistry, S., & Singh, J. (2008). UV curable polyurethane acrylate coatings for metal surfaces. Pigment & Resin Technology, 37(4), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/03699420810887843.
  • Stachowiak-Wencek, A. (2019). Influence of the packing method of wood products on the emission of volatile organic compounds. Wood Research, 64(3), 515-528.
  • TS ISO 13061-1 (2021). Odunun fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri - Kusursuz küçük ahşap numunelerin deney yöntemleri - Bölüm 1: Fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler için nem muhtevasının belirlenmesi. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Vardanyan, V., Poaty, B., Chauve, G., Landry, V., Galstian, T., & Riedl, B. (2014). Mechanical properties of UV-waterborne varnishes reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 11(6), 841-852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9598-3.
  • Vardi, J., Golan, A., Levy, D., & Gilead, I. (2010). Tracing sickle-blade levels of wear and discard patterns: A new sickle gloss quantification method. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(7), 1716-1724. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.031.
  • Viengkhou, V., Ng, L. T., & Garnett, J. L. (1996). Role of additives on UV curable coatings on wood. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 61(3), 2361-2366.
  • Wang, F., Hu, J. Q., & Tu, W. P. (2008). Study on microstructure of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate films. Progress in Organic Coatings, 62(3), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.12.005.
  • Wang, J., Wu, H., Liu, R., Long, L., Xu, J., Chen, M., & Qiu, H. (2019). Preparation of a fast water-based UV cured polyurethane-acrylate wood coating and the effect of coating amount on the surface properties of oak (Quercus alba L.). Polymers, 11, 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091414.
  • Zhao, Z., Niu, Y., & Chen, F. (2021). Development and finishing technology of waterborne UV lacquer-coated wooden flooring. BioResources 16(1), 1101-1114. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1101-1114.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ümit Ayata 0000-0002-6787-7822

Nevzat Çakıcıer 0000-0001-6566-7541

Levent Gürleyen 0000-0002-6867-8059

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2021
Kabul Tarihi 7 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayata, Ü., Çakıcıer, N., & Gürleyen, L. (2022). UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış karakavak odununda renk, parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 951-963. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.986610
 Kapak Resmi İndir