Protatif anaerobik biyoreaktör tasarımı ve üretim denemeleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1146 - 1157, 15.10.2022

Halil Şenol Selçuk Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1115001

Öz

Biyogaz organik atıkların anaerobik sindirimi ile üretilebilen yanıcı bir gaz karışımıdır. Biyogaz içerisinde % 50-65 metan gazı, % 35-50 karbondioksit (CO2) gazı ve 100-1000 ppm oranında hidrojen sülfür (H2S) gazı ihtiva etmektedir. Biyogaz üretim teknolojilerinde en büyük dezavantajlardan biri biyogazı biyometana çeviren saflaştırma teknolojilerinin maliyetidir. Bu çalışmada protatif, kesikli çalışan bir anaerobik biyoreaktör ve 20 litrelik bir gazometre tasarlanmıştır. Gazometre kullanmaktaki amaç biyoreaktörden çıkan ham biyogazın içinde bulunan H2S ve CO2 gazlarının dışarıdan herhangi bir müdahale gerektirmeden sadece biyogazın üretim gücünü kullanarak adsorpsiyonunu sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda 5 litrelik etkili hacmi bulunan kesikli biyoreaktörün sadece üretilen biyogaz miktarı ve biyogaz içeriği iki tekrarlı test edilmiştir. Bu üretim kapsamında kesikli reaktörde gaz üretiminin başladığı andan itibaren her beş günde bir numune alınmış olup kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacının giderimi başlangıç durumuna göre kıyaslanmıştır. Her üretim denemesi 36 gün sürmüştür ve üretim denemeleri 2 tekrarlı yürütülmüştür. Daha sonra çalışmanın ikinci aşamasına geçilmiş olup biyogaz çıkışı doğrudan gazometre tankına bağlanmıştır. Bu aşamada gazometreden ve kesikli reaktörden her beş günde bir biyogaz ve organik atık numune örneği alınarak test edilmiştir. Gazometresiz denemeler sonucunda oluşan biyogazın H2S ve CO2 içerikleri sırasıyla 558 ± 55 ppm ve % 55.4 ± 2.9 iken gazometreli üretim sonucunda bu değerler sırasıyla 45 ppm ve % 24.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak endüstriyel ölçekli bir gazometreli sistemin ekstra bir biyogaz saflaştırma ünitesi gerektirmeden biyogaz içerisindeki H2S’nin yaklaşık %88’ ini ve CO2’nin % 55’ ini adsorpladığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonraki çalışmalar için, gazometre hacminin değişimi ve gazometredeki suyun bekletme sürelerinin artırılması, CO2 ve H2S konsantrasyonlarının daha da azaltılabileceği için tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyogaz, Hidrojen sülfür, Karbondioksit, Kesikli biyoreaktör, Metan

Destekleyen Kurum

Giresun Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi

Proje Numarası

FEN-BAP-A-150219-68

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Giresun Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi tarafından FEN-BAP-A-150219-68 numaralı proje kapsamında mali olarak desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar Giresun Üniversitesi BAP Birimi’ne ve Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Editör ve hakemlere çalışmanın inceleme ve değerlendirme aşamasında yapmış oldukları katkılarından dolayı teşekkür eder.

Portable anaerobic bioreactor design and production trials

Öz

Biogas is a flammable gas mixture that can be produced by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. It contains 50-65% methane gas, 35-50% carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and 100-1000 ppm hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in biogas. One of the biggest disadvantages in biogas production technologies is the cost of purification technologies that convert biogas to biomethane. In this study, a portable, intermittent anaerobic bioreactor and a 20 liter gasometer were designed. The purpose of using gasometer is to ensure the adsorption of H2S and CO2 gases in the raw biogas coming out of the bioreactor, using only the production power of the biogas without requiring any external intervention. In this context, only the produced biogas amount and biogas content of the batch bioreactor with an effective volume of 5 liters were tested twice. Within the scope of this production, a sample was taken every five days from the start of gas production in the batch reactor and the removal of chemical oxygen demand was compared with the initial situation. Each production trial lasted 36 days. Then, the second stage of the study was started and the biogas outlet was directly connected to the gasometer tank. At this stage, biogas and organic waste samples were taken from the gasometer and batch reactor every five days and tested. While the H2S and CO2 contents of the biogas formed as a result of the experiments without gasometer were 558 ± 55 ppm and 55.4 ± 2.9%, respectively, these values were found to be 45 ppm and 24.5%, respectively, as a result of the production with gasometer. As a result, it has been determined that an industrial-scale gasometer system adsorbs approximately 88% of H2S and 55% of CO2 in biogas without requiring an extra biogas purification unit. For further studies, changing the gasometer volume and increasing the holding times of the water in the gasometer are recommended as CO2 and H2S concentrations can be further reduced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biogas, Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon dioxide, Batch bioreactor, Methane

Proje Numarası

FEN-BAP-A-150219-68

Kaynakça

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