Determination of relative tectonic activity of faults controlling Varto Basin (Muş) by geomorphic indices

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1046 - 1072, 15.10.2023

Vedat Avci , Murat Sunkar

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1288478

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to determine the relative tectonic activity of faults controlling Varto Basin with geomorphic indices. Varto Basin is located in the southeast of Karlıova, between Bingöl and Serafettin Mounts. Varto Fault, which intersects with the East Anatolian Fault in Karlıova and the continuation the North Anatolian Fault towards southeast, has been effective in the formation of the basin. Being right lateral strike slip, Varto Fault starts in the east of Karlıova Triple Junction and continues towards southeast in the form of a zone. Due to this location, tectonic activity in and around the basin is very high. The young tectonic movement of the basin has been revealed by geomorphic index analysis method. In these analyses, digital elevation model (DEM), stream, fault and geology data were used as the basic data set. A total of 43 sub-basins reflecting tectonic activity have been identified around the basin periphery and on Varto Fault zone (VFZ). For this purpose, hypsometric integral (Hi), hypsometric curve (Hc), basin asymmetry factor (AF), drainage basin shape (Bs), stream length-gradient index (SL), channel sinuosity (S) and elongation ratio (Re) analyses were performed. Along with the basin analyses, the measurements of mountain front sinuosity ratio (Smf) and valley floor width-to-valley height ratio (Vf), which are frequently used in the determination of active tectonics, and streams longitudinal profile analyses were done in the basin. According to the results of the analyses, tectonic activity classes of the basins were determined and their distributions were shown. According to these results, except for the two basins in the south of the Varto basin and one located in the VFZ, all others fall into very high and high tectonic activity classes. Index results, earthquakes, hot and cold sources along the fault zone and geomorphological figures prove that active tectonics are intense in and around Varto Basin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Relative tectonic activity, Geomorphic indices, Varto Fault Zone (VFZ), Varto Basin

Jeomorfik indislerle Varto Havzası’nı (Muş) denetleyen fayların göreceli tektonik aktivitesinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Varto Havzası’nı denetleyen fayların göreceli tektonik aktivitesinin jeomorfik indislerle belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Varto Havzası, Karlıova’nın güneydoğusunda Bingöl Dağı ile Şerafettin Dağı arasında yer almaktadır. Havzanın oluşumunda, Karlıova’da, Doğu Anadolu Fayı ile kesişen, Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın güneydoğuya doğru devamı niteliğinde olan Varto Fayı etkili olmuştur. Bu konumu nedeniyle havza ve çevresinde tektonik hareketlilik çok yüksektir. Havzanın genç tektonik hareketi jeomorfik indis analizleri yöntemiyle ortaya konulmuştur. Bu analizlerde sayısal yükselti modeli (sym), akarsu, fay ve jeoloji verileri temel veri seti olarak kullanılmıştır. Havza çevresi ve Varto Fay Zonu (VFZ) üzerinde tektonik aktiviteyi yansıtan toplam 43 alt havza belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla hipsometrik integral (Hi), hipsometrik eğri (He), havza asimetri faktörü (AF), drenaj havzası şekli (Bs), akarsu uzunluk-gradyan indeksi (SL), yatak kıvrımlılığı (S) ve uzama oranı (Re) analizleri yapılmıştır. Havza analizleri ile birlikte aktif tektoniğin belirlenmesinde sık kullanılan dağ önü sinüslülük oranı (Smf) ve vadi tabanı genişliği-vadi yüksekliği oranı (Vf) ölçümleri ile havzadaki akarsuların boyuna profil analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre havzaların tektonik aktivite sınıfları belirlenerek dağılışları gösterilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre havza güneyindeki iki küçük havza ile VFZ’deki bir havza dışındaki diğer havzaların tamamı çok yüksek ve yüksek tektonik aktivite sınıfında yer almaktadır. İndis sonuçları, yaşanan depremler, fay zonu boyunca çıkan sıcak ve soğuk kaynakları, jeomorfolojik şekiller Varto Havzası ve çevresinde aktif tektoniğin güçlü olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göreceli tektonik aktivite, Jeomorfik indis, Varto Fay Zonu (VFZ), Varto Havzası

Kaynakça

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