The effect of mica filler content on the mechanical and tribological performance of Polyamide-6/Mica composites

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 936 - 948, 15.09.2024

Hüseyin Ünal , Salih Hakan Yetgin , Veysel Furkan Ünal

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1264885

Öz

Since electrical insulation, mechanical performance and wear resistance properties are expected from some parts working in the electrical industry, PA6 (PA6-M) composites filled with 10, 20 and 30 wt% mica have been produced to provide the required performances. PA6-M composites were first produced in granule form in a compounding machine designed as twin screw. Afterwards, mechanical and tribological test specimens were molded using injection moulding method. The mechanical and tribological performances of the composite test specimens were investigated. Tensile, notched Izod impact and hardness tests were performed to determine mechanical properties. Tribological tests were carried out in a pin-disc wear test rig under dry conditions and at ambient temperature. Tribological tests were carried out at a speed of 0.6 m/s and three different loads (60 N, 120 N and 180 N). As a result of the experiments, the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and hardness of the composite materials produced with the addition of mica filler to the PA6 polymer base matrix increased. In addition, impact strength, wear rate and coefficient of friction values decreased. Moreover, friction coefficient and wear rate values of all materials studied in tribological experiments decreased with increasing load.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Friction, Mechanical properties, Mica, PA6, Wear

Poliamit 6/Mika kompozitlerin mekanik ve tribolojik performansına mika katkı oranının etkisi

Öz

Elektrik endüstrisinde çalışan bazı parçalardan elektriksel yalıtkanlık, mekanik performans ve aşınma direnci özellikleri beklenildiği için gerekli performansı sağlayabilecek, ağırlıkça %10, 20 ve 30 oranlarında mika katkılı PA6 (PA6-M) kompozitleri üretilmiştir. PA6-M kompozitleri önce çift vidalı olarak tasarlanan bir kompound makinesinde granül formda üretilmiştir. Sonrasında ise enjeksiyonla kalıplama yöntemi kullanılarak mekanik ve tribolojik test numuneleri basılmıştır. Üretilen kompozit test numunelerinin mekanik ve tribolojik performansları incelenmiştir. Mekanik özelliklerin belirlenmesi için çekme, çentikli izod darbe ve sertlik testleri yapılmıştır. Triboloji deneyleri pim-disk aşınma test cihazında, kuru şartlar altında ve ortam sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Triboloji deneyleri 0,6 m/s hızda ve üç farklı yükte (60N, 120N ve 180N) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda, PA6 polimer ana matrisine mika ilavesi ile üretilen kompozit malzemelerin çekme dayanımı, elastiklik modülü ve sertlikte artış göstermiştir. Buna ilaveten darbe mukavemeti, aşınma oranı ve sürtünme katsayısı değerleri ise azalmıştır. Ayrıca, triboloji deneylerinde çalışılan tüm malzemelerin sürtünme katsayısı ve aşınma oranı değerleri yükün artırılması ile birlikte azalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşınma, Mekanik özellikler, Mika, PA6, Sürtünme

Kaynakça

• Akçakale, N., & Bülbül, S. (2017). The effect of mica powder and wollastonite fillings on the mechanical properties of NR/SBR type elastomer compounds. Journal of Rubber Research, 20(3), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03449149
• Alghamdi, M. (2019). Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)/Mica composites: preparation and characterization. Minia Journal of Engineering & Technology (MJET), 38(1), 244-255.
• Altay, L., Sarikanat, M., Saglam, M., Uysalman, T., & Seki, Y. (2021). The effect of various mineral fillers on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene. The journal of Research on Engineering Structures and Materials (RESM), 7(3), 361-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.17515/resm2021.258ma0213
• Asyadi, F., Jawaid, M., Hassan, A., & Wahit, M. U. (2013). Mechanical properties of mica-filled Polycarbonate/Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) composites. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 52(7), 727-736. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.762672
• Bose, S., & Mahanwar, P. A. (2004). Effect of particle Size of filler on properties of Nylon-6. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 3(1), 23-31. doi:10.4236/jmmce.2004.31003
• Bose, S., Raghu, H., & Mahanwar, P. A. (2006). Mica reinforced Nylon-6: effect of coupling agents on mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100(5), 4074-4081. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.23253
• Demir, Z. (2013). Tribological performance of polymer composites used in electrical engineering applications. Bulletin of Materials Science, 36(2), 341-344. https://doi.org/10.1515/POLYENG.2009.29.8-9.549
• Deaconescu, A., & Deaconescu, T. (2020). Tribological behavior of hydraulic cylinder coaxial sealing systems made from PTFE and PTFE compounds. Polymers, 12(1), 155, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010155
• Deshmukh, S. P., Rao, A. C., & Gava, V. R. (2011). Mica-filled PVC composites: Effect of particle size, filler concentration, and surface treatment of the filler, on mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composıte Materials, 24(5), 583-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705710393114
• Farzaneh, S., & Tcharkhtchi, A. (2011). Viscoelastic properties of polypropylene reinforced with mica in Tα and Tαc transition zones. International Journal of Polymer Science. Volume 2011, Article ID 427095. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/427095
• Gan, D., Lu, S., Caisheng, S., & Zhijian, W. (2001). Mechanical properties and frictional behavior of a mica-filled poly (aryl ether ketone) composites. European Polymer Journal, 37(7), 1359-1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(01)00010-6
• Gaurav, A., Amar, P., & Rajesh, K. S. (2013). Parametric optimization and three-body abrasive wear behavior of SiC filled chopped glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. International Journal of Composite Material, 3(2), 32-38. doi:10.5923/j.cmaterials.20130302.02
• Jianping, G., Luedtke, W. D., Gourdon, D., Ruths, M., Israelachvili, J. N., & Landman, U. (2004). Frictional forces and Amontons’ Law: From the molecular to the macroscopic scale. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108(11), 3410-3425. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp036362l
• Kodal, M., Ertürk, S., Şanlı, S., & Özkoc, G. (2015). Properties of talc/wollastonite/Polyamide 6 hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 36(4), 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22993
• Lichao, X., Hong, W., Shaoyun, G., Xiaojie, S., & Wenbin, L. (2016). Enhanced sound insulation and mechanical properties of LDPE/mica composites through multilayered distribution and orientation of the mica. Composites: Part A, 81, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.11.023
• Maslavi, A., Ünal, H., & Kaştan, A. (2022). Sentetik Mika Takviyeli Poli-tetra-flor-etilen Polimer Kompozitin Tribolojik Özelliklerine Uygulanan Yükün ve Kayma Hızının Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22, 899-910. DOI: 10.35414/ akufemubid.1112777
• Merve, K., Nilgün, K., & Mehmet Ali, O. (2021). Influence of mica mineral on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites. Open Chemistry, 19(1), 904-915. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0072
• Meng, Z. J., Wang, Y. X., Xin, X. C., Liu, H., Yan, Y. F., & Yan, F. Y. (2020). The influence of several silicates on the fretting behavior of UHMWPE composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(43), 49335. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.49335
• Oshita, K., Yanagi, M., Okada, Y., & Komiyama, S. (2017). Tribological properties of a synthetic mica-organic intercalation compound used as a solid lubricant. Surface & Coatings Technology, 325, 738–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.01.080
• Sahai, R. S. N., & Pawar, N. (2017). Studies on mechanical properties of mica filled Polyphenylene oxide composite with coupling agent. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST), 1(7), 153-157.
• Subburamamurthy, H. B., Rathanasamy, R., Kumar, H. K. M., Chinnasamy, M., Kaliyannan, G. V., & Natarajan, S. (2020). Selection of appropriate reinforcement for Nylon material through mechanical and damping characteristics. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 30(4), 2020046. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.05520
• Sukur, E. F., Kocaman, S. & Onal, G. (2020). Mechanical, Tribological and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Based Phenolic Nanocomposites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelet, Special Issue: ICAMMEN 2018, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, CRPASE: Transactions of Mechanical Engineering. 6, 21–27.
• Tomar, N., & Maiti, S. N. (2010). Mechanical properties of mica-filled PBT/ABAS composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 117(2), 672-681. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.30171
• Unal, H., Saylan, T., & Mimaroglu, A. (2014). Thermal, mechanical and tribological performance of polymer composites rubbed against polymer composites in application in electrical contact breakers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 228(6), 608-615. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650114521406
• Ünal, H., Yetgin, S. H., & Köse, S. (2023). Tribological performance of polyamide 6/wax blend for rolling bearing, bushing and gear applications. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 7(1), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1292871
• Verbeek, J., & Christopher, M. (2012). Mica-Reinforced polymer composites, in polymer composites. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.