Hayvan yemlerine yeşil sentez metalik nanopartikül ilavelerinin etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 298 - 320, 15.03.2025

Hacer Kaya

Öz

Hayvancılık işletmelerinde “mümkün olan en yüksek kalitede, en fazla ürünü, en kısa zamanda ve en ucuza üretme” amacına ulaşabilmeleri için yemde uygun mineral dengesini sağlayabilmek önemlidir. Mineraller, tüm çiftlik hayvanlarının optimum bir düzeyde büyüme ve gelişmeleri, hastalıklardan korunmaları, üremeleri ve üretmeyi sürdürebilmeleri için temel besinsel elemanlardır. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle sentezlenen nano minerallerin çiftlik hayvanları üzerine etkilerini inceleyen çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak bu yöntemlere alternatif olan “yeşil sentez” veya “biyosentez” adı verilen yöntemle üretilen nano minerallerin yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar da son zamanlarda dikkat çekmektedir. Yeşil sentez teknolojisi temiz, ucuz, tek adımlı ve basit, hızlı ve güvenilir olmasının yanısıra sağlık ve çevre dostu bir yöntemdir. Yeşil sentez yöntemi, bitki, bakteri, mantar, alg ve maya gibi biyolojik ajanlarda bulunan proteinler, enzimler, vitaminler, fenolik maddeler, organik asitler vb. metabolitlerin indirgeme fonksiyonu ile metal tuzları nanopartikül (NP) seviyesine dönüştürebilmesidir. En az bir boyutu 100 nm’den daha küçük olan parçacıklar NP’ler olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Nano mineraller/metal nanopartikül (MNP)’ler çok küçük boyut ve yüksek yüzey/hacim oranlarına sahip olmaları nedeniyle üstün mekanik, termal, optik ve manyetik özellikler kazanmış ve tarım, eczacılık, tıp, biyomedikal, biyoteknoloji, optik, enerji gibi farklı uygulama alanlarında yenilik için önemli bir araç haline gelmişlerdir. Bu derleme, gelişen küresel problemlere çözüm olarak, sürdürülebilir ve sıfır atık ilkelerini temel almış yeşil sentez metoduyla üretilen metal nanopartiküllerin hayvan yemlerinde kullanılma potansiyellerine ilişkin literatür verilerini özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hayvan besleme, Metalik nanopartikül, Nanoteknoloji, Yeşi sentez

Effects of green synthesized metallic nanoparticle additions to animal feeds

Öz

It is important to ensure the appropriate mineral balance in feed for livestock enterprises to achieve their goal of "producing the highest possible quality, the most products in the shortest time and cheapest possible". Minerals are the basic nutritional elements for all farm animals to grow and develop at an optimum level, to be protected from diseases, to reproduce and to continue producing. In recent years, many studies have been conducted examining the effects of nano minerals synthesized by physical and chemical methods on farm animals. However, studies on the use of nano minerals produced by the method called "green synthesis" or "biosynthesis" as feed additives, which are alternatives to these methods, have also attracted attention recently. Green synthesis technology is clean, cheap, one-step and simple, fast and reliable, as well as a health and eco friendly method. The green synthesis method is the ability to convert metal salts to nanoparticle (NP) level with the reduction function of proteins, enzymes, vitamins, phenolic substances, organic acids, etc. metabolites found in biological agents such as plants, bacteria, fungi, algae and yeast. Particles with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm are referred to as nanoparticles. Nano minerals/metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained superior mechanical, thermal, optical and magnetic properties due to their very small size and high surface/volume ratios, and they have become an important tool for innovation in different application fields such as agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, biomedicine, biotechnology, optics and energy. This review summarizes the literature data on the potential of using metal nanoparticles produced by the green synthesis method based on sustainable and zero waste principles in animal feed as a solution to developing global problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Animal nutrition, Metallic nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Green synthesis

Kaynakça

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