İTME VE ÇEKME FAKTÖRLERİNİN GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN ALGILANAN REKABET STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SURİYELİ GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 18, 68 - 89, 04.01.2021

Tülay İlhan Yağmur Çolak

Öz

Bu çalışmada, itme-çekme faktörlerinin göçmen girişimcilerin algılanan rekabet stratejileri üzerindeki etkisi, firmaların iş yaşam evreleri de dikkate alınarak, ev sahibi ülke bağlamında tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sosyal ağ teorisinden, kurumsal teoriden ve kaynak temelli görüş çerçevesinden hareket edilerek göçmenleri girişimci olmaya yönlendiren itme-çekme faktörleri ile Porter’ın rekabet stratejilerini içeren eklektik bir model önerilmektedir. Bu model çerçevesinde geliştirilen hipotezler Gaziantep’te ve Trabzon’da faaliyet gösteren toplam 55 Suriye kökenli göçmen girişimci ile yüz yüze yapılan soru kağıdı çalışması aracılığıyla test edilmektedir. Sosyal ağların, sosyal sermayenin, insan sermayesinin, kurumsal bağlamın ve iş yaşam evrelerinin aşamalı etkisinin ele alındığı lojistik regresyon analizleri sonuçlarına göre yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, göçmen girişimcilerin maliyet liderliği stratejisini tercih etmelerinde en önemli etkenin sahip oldukları güçlü bağlar olduğunu; farklılaştırma stratejisini tercih etmelerinde ise dışsal sosyal sermayelerinin önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda göçmen girişimcilerin, ev sahibi ülkenin işgücü piyasasında edindikleri deneyim, farklılaştırma stratejisini tercih etmelerinde bir diğer önemli unsur olmaktadır. İş yaşam evresinin, itme faktörleri ile algılanan rekabet stratejileri arasındaki ilişki üzerinde anlamlı düzenleyici bir etkisine ̧rastlanılamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göçmen girişimci, rekabet stratejisi, Suriyeli göçmenler

Kaynakça

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