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Somatizasyon Damgalamadan Kaçış mı? Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2024, , 646 - 657, 29.06.2024

Havva Kaçan , Sebahat Ateş , Besti Üstün

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631

Öz

Somatization is a psychiatric condition characterized by repetitive bodily symptoms that cannot be fully explained by the medical condition of the individual and cannot be attributed to another mental disorder. This research aims to examine the relationship between the somatic symptoms of nursing students and their tendency to stigmatize.
The research was conducted at two different universities and a total of 438 students participated. The data were collected using the personal information form, the "Somatization" subscale of the SCL-90-R scale, and the Stigma Tendency Scale. The average score of somatization of students was 0.98±0.70 and the average score of Stigma Tendency Scale was 45.39±11.69. It was found that female students, those who did not share their problems, those who had previously applied to a psychiatrist or psychologist and received mental therapy, those who took medication, those who recently felt the need for a psychiatrist or psychologist, students with a diagnosis of mental illness in their family and who knew about mental health and diseases had more somatic problems (P<0.01). A weak negative statistically insignificant relationship was found between the general and subscale scores of somatization and Stigma Tendency Scale.
The students who got high scores from the stigma tendency scale were found to get high scores from the somatization scale, although not statistically significant. Based on this result, it can be said that students with a high stigma tendency experience more somatic symptoms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik öğrencileri Somatizasyon Damgalama

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lipowski, Z.J. (1988). “Somatization: The Concept and Its Clinical Application”. Am J Psychiatry, 145(11), 1358-68. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.11.1358
  • 2. Kesebir, S. (2004). “Somatization And Stigmatization”. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7(1), 14-19.
  • 3. Özen Şahin, E.M, Tükcan, A.S, Belene A, Yeşilbursa D. and Yurt E. (2009). “Cultural and Sociological Factors in Somatization”. Yeni Symposium Journal, 47 (4), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.391783
  • 4. Kirmayer, L.J. (2001). “Cultural Variations In The Clinical Presentation Of Depression and Anxiety: Implications For Diagnosis And Treatment”. J Clin Psychiatry, 62 (13), 22-8.
  • 5. Kirmayer, L.J, Groleau, D, Looper, K.J, and Dao, M.D. (2004). “Explaining Medically Unexplained Symptoms”. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49 (10), 663–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404901003
  • 6. Başkak, B. and Çevik, A. (2007). “Cultural Dimensions of Somatization”. Psychiatry in Türkiye, 9 (1), 51-57.
  • 7. Tseng, W.S. (2005). “Integration and application for therapy”. In: W.S. TSENG, S.C. CHANG, M. NISHIZONO (Eds.), Asian Culture and Psychotherapy (265-279). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  • 8. Sójka, A, Stelcer, B, Roy, M, Mojs, E. and Pryliński, M. (2019). “Is There A Relationship Between Psychological Factors And TMD?”. Brain and Behavior, 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1360
  • 9. Demirel, R.S.A, Eğlence, E. and Kaçmaz, E. (2011). “Determination of Mental Status of University Students”. Nevsehir University Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 18-29.
  • 10. Altıok, H.Ö. and Üstün, B. (2013). “Stress Sources of Nursing Students”. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13 (2), 747-766.
  • 11. Yıldırım, A, Hacıhasanoğlu, R. and Papatya, K. (2008). “Examining The Mental Status Of Nursing Students And The Factors Affecting It”. Atatürk University, Nursing High School Journal, 11 (2), 1-8.
  • 12. Beşiroğlu, L. and Ağargün, M.Y. (2006). “The Correlates Of Healthcare Seeking Behavior In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multidimensional Approach”. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 17(3), 213–222.
  • 13. Ebel, H, Algermissen, C. and Kuster, W. (2004). “Somatisierungsstörung, Konversionsstörung Und Hypochondrische Störung. In: V. AROLT et al. (Eds.) Psychiatrie In Der Klinischen Medizin (438-61). Heidelberg: Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12845-9_23
  • 14. Tan, Y. and Sahin, E.M. (2020). “The Association Between Somatic Symptoms And Sociodemographic And Clinical Characteristics”. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12 (2), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.622524
  • 15. Bass, C, Peveler, R. and House, A. (2001). “Somatoform Disorders: Severe Psychiatric Illnesses Neglected By Psychiatrists”. Br J Psychiatry, 179 (1), 11–4. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.1.11
  • 16. Kırkpınar, İ. (2013). “Somatization And Somatoform Disorders: Ambiguity Reflected To Practise”. Updat psychiatry J Psychiatr Assoc Turkey Contin Educ Contin Prof Dev, 3 (1), 1–16.
  • 17. Mc Nealy, K.R. and Lombardero, A. (2020). “Somatic Presentation Of Mental Health Concerns, Stigma, and Mental Health Treatment Engagement Among College Students”. J Am Coll Health. 68 (7), 774-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1590372
  • 18. Bilge, A. ve Çam, O. (2010).” Tackling the Stigma of Mental Illness”. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9 (1), 71‐78.
  • 19. Lauber, C. and Rossler, W. (2007). “Stigma Towards People With Mental Illness In Developing Countries In Asia”. International Review of Psychiatry, 19 (2), 157-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260701278903
  • 20. Rickwood, D, Deane, F.P, Wilson, J.C. and Ciarroci, J. (2005). “Young People’s Helpseeking For Mental Health Problems”. Australian e- Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4 (3), 34- 46.
  • 21. Catalona, L.T, Brown, C.H, Lucksted, A, Hack, S.M. and Drapalski, A.L. (2021). “Support For The Social-Cognitive Model Of Internalized Stigma In Serious Mental Illness”. J Psychiatry Res, 137, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.014
  • 22. Raguram, R. (1996). Weiss MG, Channabasavanna SM, Devins GM. “Stigma, Depression, And Somatization In South India”. Am J Psychiatry, 153 (8), 1043-9. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.8.1043
  • 23. Ay, F.A. (2016). “Basic concepts and skills in health practices”. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Publishing.
  • 24. Derogatis, L.R, Lipman, R.S. and Covi, L. (1973). “The SCL-90:An Outpatient Psychiatric Ratingscale”. Psychopharm Bull, 9 (1), 13-28.
  • 25. Dağ, İ. (1991). “Reliability and Validity of the Symptom Screening List (SCL-90-R) for University Students”. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 2 (1), 5–12.
  • 26. Dağ İ. (2000). “Symptom Screening List (SCL-90-R)”. Ö. AYDEMIR ve E. KÖROĞLU (Eds.), Clinical Scales Used in Psychiatry (33-40). Ankara: Physicians Publication Union.
  • 27. Yaman, E. ve Güngör, H. (2013). “Development, Validity And Reliability Study Of Stigmatization Scale”. Values Education Journal, 11 (25), 251-270.
  • 28. San Sebastian, M, Hammarström, A. and Gustafsson, P.E. (2015). “Socioeconomic Inequalities In Functional Somatic Symptoms By Social and Material Conditions At Four Life Course Periods In Sweden: A Decomposition Analysis”. BMJ open, 5, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006581.
  • 29. Doğan, Y.M and Özden Yıldırım M.S. (2023). “Methods of coping with stress in predicting the somatization tendency in university students; the role of general self-sufficiency belief and cognitive flexibility”. AYNA Clinical Psychology Journal, 10 (2), 188-213. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.861004
  • 30. Kaya, M, Genç, M, Kaya, B. and Pehlivan, E. (2007). “Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms, Stress Coping Styles and Affecting Factors in Medical Faculty and Health School Students”. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 18 (2), 137-146.
  • 31. Kayma, D. and Büyükbodur, A.Ç. (2020). “The Relationship Between The Stigma Tendencies and Altruism Features of Students Attending Social Work Undergraduate Education”. Community and Social Work, 31 (3), 849-873. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.688607
  • 32. Uğurlu, T.T, Atabay, E.Z, Tosun, E, Yılmaz, E, Öztürk, M. and Ateşci, F. (2020). “Psychological Stigmatization Tendency Among Medical School Students: An Example Of A Special Study Module”. Journal of DEU Medical Faculty, 34 (3), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.5505/deutfd.2020.86648
  • 33. Seamark, D. and Gabriel, L. (2018). “Barriers To Support: A Qualitative Exploration Into The Help-Seeking And Avoidance Factors Of Young Adults”. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46 (1), 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2016.1213372
  • 34. Vogel, D.L, Wester, S.R. and Larson, L.M. (2007). “Avoidance Of Counseling: Psychological Factors That Inhibit Seeking Help”. J Couns Dev, 85 (4), 410-422. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00609.x
  • 35. Daştan, N.B, Kaya, F. and Şık, T. (2019). “Psychological Help Seeking Attitudes of Nursing Students: The Role Of Self Stigma and Social Stigma” Journal of Nursing Science, 2 (2), 24–30.
  • 36. Ünal, S, Hisar, F, Çelik, B. and Özgüven, Z. (2010). “University Students' Beliefs about Mental Illness”. Thinking Man: The Journal Of Psychiatry And Neurological Sciences, 23,145-150.
  • 37. Ko, C, Lucassen, P, Van Der Linden, B, Ballering, A. and Hartman T.O. (2022). “Stigma Perceived By Patients With Functional Somatic Syndromes and İts Effect On Health Outcomes – A systematic review”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 154 (110715), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110715
  • 38. Tarım, H.Ş. ve Yılmaz, M. (2018). “Investigation In Terms Of Socio-Demographic Variables Of Beliefs About Mental Illness Of University Students Studying In Health Field”. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 11 (2), 134-146.
  • 39. Aydogmus, M.E. (2020). “Social Stigma Towards People with Medically Unexplained Symptoms: the Somatic Symptom Disorder”. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91 (2), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09704-6
  • 40. Knesebeck, O.V.D, Lehmann, M, Löwe, B, Makowski, A.C. (2018). “Public Stigma Towards İndividuals With Somatic Symptom Disorders – Survey Results From Germany”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.014
  • 41. Çevik, A. (1999). “Reactivation Of Identity Problems Among Turkish Immigrants In Europe And Its Clinical Consequences: Mourning, Identity Problems And Somatization”. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 1 (1), 55-61.
  • 42. Lanzara, R, Scipioni, M and Conti, C.A. (2019). “Clinical-Psychological Perspective On Somatization Among Immigrants: A Systematic Review”. Frontiers in Psychology, (9), 2792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02792
  • 43. Heredia Montesinos, A, Rapp, M.A, Temur-Erman, S, Heinz, A, Hegerl, U. and Schouler-Ocak, M. (2012). “The Influence Of Stigma On Depression, Overall Psychological Distress, and Somatization Among Female Turkish Migrants”. Eur Psychiatry, 27 (S2), 22-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75704-8

Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study

Yıl 2024, , 646 - 657, 29.06.2024

Havva Kaçan , Sebahat Ateş , Besti Üstün

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631

Öz

Somatization is a psychiatric condition characterized by repetitive bodily symptoms that cannot be fully explained by the medical condition of the individual and cannot be attributed to another mental disorder. This research aims to examine the relationship between the somatic symptoms of nursing students and their tendency to stigmatize.
The research was conducted at two different universities and a total of 438 students participated. The data were collected using the personal information form, the "Somatization" subscale of the SCL-90-R scale, and the Stigma Tendency Scale. The average score of somatization of students was 0.98±0.70 and the average score of Stigma Tendency Scale was 45.39±11.69. It was found that female students, those who did not share their problems, those who had previously applied to a psychiatrist or psychologist and received mental therapy, those who took medication, those who recently felt the need for a psychiatrist or psychologist, students with a diagnosis of mental illness in their family and who knew about mental health and diseases had more somatic problems (P<0.01). A weak negative statistically insignificant relationship was found between the general and subscale scores of somatization and Stigma Tendency Scale.
The students who got high scores from the stigma tendency scale were found to get high scores from the somatization scale, although not statistically significant. Based on this result, it can be said that students with a high stigma tendency experience more somatic symptoms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing Students Somatization Stigma

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lipowski, Z.J. (1988). “Somatization: The Concept and Its Clinical Application”. Am J Psychiatry, 145(11), 1358-68. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.11.1358
  • 2. Kesebir, S. (2004). “Somatization And Stigmatization”. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7(1), 14-19.
  • 3. Özen Şahin, E.M, Tükcan, A.S, Belene A, Yeşilbursa D. and Yurt E. (2009). “Cultural and Sociological Factors in Somatization”. Yeni Symposium Journal, 47 (4), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.391783
  • 4. Kirmayer, L.J. (2001). “Cultural Variations In The Clinical Presentation Of Depression and Anxiety: Implications For Diagnosis And Treatment”. J Clin Psychiatry, 62 (13), 22-8.
  • 5. Kirmayer, L.J, Groleau, D, Looper, K.J, and Dao, M.D. (2004). “Explaining Medically Unexplained Symptoms”. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49 (10), 663–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404901003
  • 6. Başkak, B. and Çevik, A. (2007). “Cultural Dimensions of Somatization”. Psychiatry in Türkiye, 9 (1), 51-57.
  • 7. Tseng, W.S. (2005). “Integration and application for therapy”. In: W.S. TSENG, S.C. CHANG, M. NISHIZONO (Eds.), Asian Culture and Psychotherapy (265-279). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  • 8. Sójka, A, Stelcer, B, Roy, M, Mojs, E. and Pryliński, M. (2019). “Is There A Relationship Between Psychological Factors And TMD?”. Brain and Behavior, 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1360
  • 9. Demirel, R.S.A, Eğlence, E. and Kaçmaz, E. (2011). “Determination of Mental Status of University Students”. Nevsehir University Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 18-29.
  • 10. Altıok, H.Ö. and Üstün, B. (2013). “Stress Sources of Nursing Students”. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13 (2), 747-766.
  • 11. Yıldırım, A, Hacıhasanoğlu, R. and Papatya, K. (2008). “Examining The Mental Status Of Nursing Students And The Factors Affecting It”. Atatürk University, Nursing High School Journal, 11 (2), 1-8.
  • 12. Beşiroğlu, L. and Ağargün, M.Y. (2006). “The Correlates Of Healthcare Seeking Behavior In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multidimensional Approach”. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 17(3), 213–222.
  • 13. Ebel, H, Algermissen, C. and Kuster, W. (2004). “Somatisierungsstörung, Konversionsstörung Und Hypochondrische Störung. In: V. AROLT et al. (Eds.) Psychiatrie In Der Klinischen Medizin (438-61). Heidelberg: Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12845-9_23
  • 14. Tan, Y. and Sahin, E.M. (2020). “The Association Between Somatic Symptoms And Sociodemographic And Clinical Characteristics”. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12 (2), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.622524
  • 15. Bass, C, Peveler, R. and House, A. (2001). “Somatoform Disorders: Severe Psychiatric Illnesses Neglected By Psychiatrists”. Br J Psychiatry, 179 (1), 11–4. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.1.11
  • 16. Kırkpınar, İ. (2013). “Somatization And Somatoform Disorders: Ambiguity Reflected To Practise”. Updat psychiatry J Psychiatr Assoc Turkey Contin Educ Contin Prof Dev, 3 (1), 1–16.
  • 17. Mc Nealy, K.R. and Lombardero, A. (2020). “Somatic Presentation Of Mental Health Concerns, Stigma, and Mental Health Treatment Engagement Among College Students”. J Am Coll Health. 68 (7), 774-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1590372
  • 18. Bilge, A. ve Çam, O. (2010).” Tackling the Stigma of Mental Illness”. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9 (1), 71‐78.
  • 19. Lauber, C. and Rossler, W. (2007). “Stigma Towards People With Mental Illness In Developing Countries In Asia”. International Review of Psychiatry, 19 (2), 157-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260701278903
  • 20. Rickwood, D, Deane, F.P, Wilson, J.C. and Ciarroci, J. (2005). “Young People’s Helpseeking For Mental Health Problems”. Australian e- Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4 (3), 34- 46.
  • 21. Catalona, L.T, Brown, C.H, Lucksted, A, Hack, S.M. and Drapalski, A.L. (2021). “Support For The Social-Cognitive Model Of Internalized Stigma In Serious Mental Illness”. J Psychiatry Res, 137, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.014
  • 22. Raguram, R. (1996). Weiss MG, Channabasavanna SM, Devins GM. “Stigma, Depression, And Somatization In South India”. Am J Psychiatry, 153 (8), 1043-9. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.8.1043
  • 23. Ay, F.A. (2016). “Basic concepts and skills in health practices”. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Publishing.
  • 24. Derogatis, L.R, Lipman, R.S. and Covi, L. (1973). “The SCL-90:An Outpatient Psychiatric Ratingscale”. Psychopharm Bull, 9 (1), 13-28.
  • 25. Dağ, İ. (1991). “Reliability and Validity of the Symptom Screening List (SCL-90-R) for University Students”. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 2 (1), 5–12.
  • 26. Dağ İ. (2000). “Symptom Screening List (SCL-90-R)”. Ö. AYDEMIR ve E. KÖROĞLU (Eds.), Clinical Scales Used in Psychiatry (33-40). Ankara: Physicians Publication Union.
  • 27. Yaman, E. ve Güngör, H. (2013). “Development, Validity And Reliability Study Of Stigmatization Scale”. Values Education Journal, 11 (25), 251-270.
  • 28. San Sebastian, M, Hammarström, A. and Gustafsson, P.E. (2015). “Socioeconomic Inequalities In Functional Somatic Symptoms By Social and Material Conditions At Four Life Course Periods In Sweden: A Decomposition Analysis”. BMJ open, 5, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006581.
  • 29. Doğan, Y.M and Özden Yıldırım M.S. (2023). “Methods of coping with stress in predicting the somatization tendency in university students; the role of general self-sufficiency belief and cognitive flexibility”. AYNA Clinical Psychology Journal, 10 (2), 188-213. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.861004
  • 30. Kaya, M, Genç, M, Kaya, B. and Pehlivan, E. (2007). “Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms, Stress Coping Styles and Affecting Factors in Medical Faculty and Health School Students”. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 18 (2), 137-146.
  • 31. Kayma, D. and Büyükbodur, A.Ç. (2020). “The Relationship Between The Stigma Tendencies and Altruism Features of Students Attending Social Work Undergraduate Education”. Community and Social Work, 31 (3), 849-873. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.688607
  • 32. Uğurlu, T.T, Atabay, E.Z, Tosun, E, Yılmaz, E, Öztürk, M. and Ateşci, F. (2020). “Psychological Stigmatization Tendency Among Medical School Students: An Example Of A Special Study Module”. Journal of DEU Medical Faculty, 34 (3), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.5505/deutfd.2020.86648
  • 33. Seamark, D. and Gabriel, L. (2018). “Barriers To Support: A Qualitative Exploration Into The Help-Seeking And Avoidance Factors Of Young Adults”. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46 (1), 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2016.1213372
  • 34. Vogel, D.L, Wester, S.R. and Larson, L.M. (2007). “Avoidance Of Counseling: Psychological Factors That Inhibit Seeking Help”. J Couns Dev, 85 (4), 410-422. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00609.x
  • 35. Daştan, N.B, Kaya, F. and Şık, T. (2019). “Psychological Help Seeking Attitudes of Nursing Students: The Role Of Self Stigma and Social Stigma” Journal of Nursing Science, 2 (2), 24–30.
  • 36. Ünal, S, Hisar, F, Çelik, B. and Özgüven, Z. (2010). “University Students' Beliefs about Mental Illness”. Thinking Man: The Journal Of Psychiatry And Neurological Sciences, 23,145-150.
  • 37. Ko, C, Lucassen, P, Van Der Linden, B, Ballering, A. and Hartman T.O. (2022). “Stigma Perceived By Patients With Functional Somatic Syndromes and İts Effect On Health Outcomes – A systematic review”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 154 (110715), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110715
  • 38. Tarım, H.Ş. ve Yılmaz, M. (2018). “Investigation In Terms Of Socio-Demographic Variables Of Beliefs About Mental Illness Of University Students Studying In Health Field”. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 11 (2), 134-146.
  • 39. Aydogmus, M.E. (2020). “Social Stigma Towards People with Medically Unexplained Symptoms: the Somatic Symptom Disorder”. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91 (2), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09704-6
  • 40. Knesebeck, O.V.D, Lehmann, M, Löwe, B, Makowski, A.C. (2018). “Public Stigma Towards İndividuals With Somatic Symptom Disorders – Survey Results From Germany”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.014
  • 41. Çevik, A. (1999). “Reactivation Of Identity Problems Among Turkish Immigrants In Europe And Its Clinical Consequences: Mourning, Identity Problems And Somatization”. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 1 (1), 55-61.
  • 42. Lanzara, R, Scipioni, M and Conti, C.A. (2019). “Clinical-Psychological Perspective On Somatization Among Immigrants: A Systematic Review”. Frontiers in Psychology, (9), 2792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02792
  • 43. Heredia Montesinos, A, Rapp, M.A, Temur-Erman, S, Heinz, A, Hegerl, U. and Schouler-Ocak, M. (2012). “The Influence Of Stigma On Depression, Overall Psychological Distress, and Somatization Among Female Turkish Migrants”. Eur Psychiatry, 27 (S2), 22-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75704-8
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Havva Kaçan 0000-0003-2493-3051

Sebahat Ateş 0000-0002-8300-8037

Besti Üstün 0000-0003-0270-6712

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaçan, H., Ateş, S., & Üstün, B. (2024). Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 646-657. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631
AMA Kaçan H, Ateş S, Üstün B. Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Haziran 2024;13(2):646-657. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631
Chicago Kaçan, Havva, Sebahat Ateş, ve Besti Üstün. “Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13, sy. 2 (Haziran 2024): 646-57. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631.
EndNote Kaçan H, Ateş S, Üstün B (01 Haziran 2024) Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13 2 646–657.
IEEE H. Kaçan, S. Ateş, ve B. Üstün, “Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 2, ss. 646–657, 2024, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631.
ISNAD Kaçan, Havva vd. “Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13/2 (Haziran 2024), 646-657. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631.
JAMA Kaçan H, Ateş S, Üstün B. Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13:646–657.
MLA Kaçan, Havva vd. “Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 646-57, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1224631.
Vancouver Kaçan H, Ateş S, Üstün B. Is Somatization Escape From Stigmatization? A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13(2):646-57.