Gebelik Ve Doğumun Pelvik Taban Yetersizlikleri Üzerine Etkisi: Önlenmesi Ve Korunmada Hemşirenin Rolü

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 292 - 304, 01.04.2015

Hatice Kahyaoğlu Süt

Öz

Gebelik ve doğumun tüm organ sistemlerinde önemli derecede fizyolojik değişiklikler yarattığı bilinmektedir. Pelvik taban bozuklukları (Üriner inkontinans, fekal inkontinans ve pelvik organ prolapsusu) gebelik ve doğumla ilişkilendirilmiş olmasına rağmen gebelik ve doğumun pelvik organ desteği üzerindeki etkileri tam olarak ortaya konulamamıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda ise doğum sayısı (parite), doğum şekli ve bebeğin doğum ağırlığının pelvik taban yetersizlikleri üzerinde önemli risk faktörleri olduğu bildirilmektedir. Gebelik ve doğumla olan ilişkili bu risk faktörlerinin pelvik taban yetersizliklerinden olan üriner inkontinans, fekal inkontinans ve pelvik organ prolapsuna yol açtığı yapılan çalışmalarda belirlenmiştir. Hemşireler ve sağlık profesyonelleri, gebelik sürecinde ve postpartum dönemde kadınlara pelvik taban yetersizliklerinin önlenmesi ve korunma için sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını kazandırmalıdırlar. Ayrıca hemşireler, pelvik taban kas egzersizlerinin düzenli olarak yapılması, ağır kaldırma, zorlama gerektiren hareketlerden ve yoğun fiziksel egzersizlerden kaçınılması, fazla kilo almamaya dikkat edilmesi (gebelerin gerekirse diyetisyene yönlendirilmesi), sigara kullanılmaması, konstipasyonun giderilmesi için diyete lifli gıdaların eklenmesi ve sıvı alımının arttırılması, düzenli egzersiz, rutin bir defekasyon programı oluşturması ve şiddetli durumlarda laksatif kullanılması, yeterli sıvı alınması, mesane irritanlarının az miktarda tüketilmesi konularında gebelikte ve postpartum sürecinde kadınlara eğitim vermelidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gebelik, Doğum, Pelvik Taban Yetersizliği, Önleme ve Korunmada Hemşirenin Rolü

The Effect Pregnancy And Childbirth On Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions: Role Of Nurse In Prevention And Protection

Öz

It is known that the pregnancy and childbirth cause significant physiological changes in all organ systems. Pelvic floor disorders (urinary incontinence , fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse) are associated with pregnancy and childbirth, however, the effects ot them on pelvic organ support has not been fully revealed. Studies reported that the number of birth (parity), delivery type, and birth weight are significant risk factors on pelvic floor failure. Also, studies reported that these risk factors associated with pregnancy and childbirth caused pelvic floor disorders such as, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Nurses and health professionals should provide healthy lifestyle behaviors for women in the prevention and protection of pelvic floor failures during pregnancy and postpartum period. In conclusion, nurse should give knowledge to women during pregnancy and postpartum period about why they must do regularly pelvic floor muscle exercise,mustn’t lift heavy weights,mustn’t hard movements and intense physical exercises,why must do weight control (if necessary, a dietician may be advised),why mustn’t use smoke,must add fiber foods to diet in order to prevention of constipation, must increase fluid intake,must do regular exercise, must do routine defecation program,must intake adequate fluid, and consume bladder irritants in a small amounts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pregnancy, Childbirth, Pelvic floor dysfunctions, Role Of Nurse In Prevention And Protection

Kaynakça

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