Mekanik Ventilasyonlu Hastada Ağrı Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 1132 - 1146, 01.10.2014

Yeşim Yaman Aktaş Neziha Karabulut

Öz

Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde bakım standartları geliştirilmesine karşın ağrı, mekanik ventilasyonlu hastalar için önemli bir stres kaynağı olmaya devam etmektedir. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde mekanik ventilasyonlu hastalarda çeşitli nedenlerle hafiften şiddetli düzeye kadar ağrı deneyimlenmektedir. Ağrı değerlendirmesinde en güvenilir gösterge hastanın kendi ağrı ifadesi olmasına karşın, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde mekanik ventilasyon nedeniyle sözel iletişimde yetersizlik, bilinç düzeyinde değişiklik, invaziv monitorizasyon araçlarının varlığı ve sedasyon gibi nedenlerle hastalar ağrı düzeylerini tanımlamakta zorluk yaşayabilmektedir. Bu nedenle ağrı davranışlarını değerlendiren ölçekler mekanik ventilasyonlu hastalar için kullanılabilir.
Bu derleme, mekanik ventilasyonlu hastalarda ağrı değerlendirmesinin önemi, ağrıya neden olan faktörler, fizyolojik ve davranışsal ağrı belirtileri, ağrı değerlendirmesi ve ağrı değerlendirme ölçeklerine yer vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi, Mekanik Ventilasyon, Ağrı Değerlendirme, Hemşirelik

Pain Assessment In Mechanically Ventilated Patient

Öz

Pain continues to be a major source of stress for mechanically ventilated patients although the standards of care have developed in intensive care units. Mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units experience pain from mild to severe for various reasons. Although the most reliable source of information for pain assessment is patients themselves, patients may have to express their pain because of inability to communicate verbally due to mechanical ventilation, inability of consciousness level, invasive monitoring instruments and sedation. Therefore mechanically ventilated patients can be used scales for evaluating behavioral responses to pain. 
This review is about the importance of pain assessment, causes of pain, physiological and behavioral signs of pain, pain assessment and the scales which can be used for pain assessment in intensive care units.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intensive Care Unit, Mechanical Ventilation, Pain Assessment, Nursing

Kaynakça

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