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Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 786 - 803, 01.04.2014

Öz

Obezite dünyada en sık görülen sağlık sorunlarından biridir ve prevalansı giderek artarak küresel ölçekte önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir.  Ayrıca obezite beraberinde getirdiği pek çok hastalık ile bireylerin yaşam kalitesini azaltmakta ve ölümlere yol açmaktadır. Obezitenin oluşumunda enerji alımıyla harcanması arasındaki dengesizlik, metabolizma ve genetik gibi biyolojik, beslenme ile fiziksel aktive gibi davranışsal ve çevresel faktörler olmak üzere pek çok faktör etkilidir. Çevresel değişim obezitenin endemik olmasında birincil faktör olup obezojenik çevre bir fenomen olmuştur.  Obez bireyler normal ağırlıktaki bireylere göre sağlıklı yeme davranışları ve fiziksel aktivite açısından obezite için risk faktörü oluşturacak ortamlara daha fazla maruz kalmaktadır.  Şu an sahip olduğumuz çevre koşulları enerji yoğunluğu fazla, besin öğesi içeriği açısından fakir olan besinlerin tüketimini artırmaktadır. Bu durum ise doğrudan obezojenik çevreyi düşündürmektedir. Çevresel faktörler ile davranışlarda olan değişimler obezite için itici bir güç oluşturmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Nriagu JO (ed.). Sullivan DA. Environmental Factors in Obesity: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. ISBN: 978-0-444-52272-6 USA-2011. p:380-392.
  • Çayır A, Atak N, Köse SK. Beslenme ve Diyet Kliniğine Başvuranlarda Obezite Durumu ve Etkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 2011; 64(1):13-19.
  • Türkiye Obezite (Şişmanlık) İle Mücadele ve Kontrol Programı (2010-2014). TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, 2010.
  • Arslan P (ed.), Dağ A (ed.), Türkmen EG (ed.), Pekcan G. Obezite: Dünya‟da ve Türkiye‟de Görülme Sıklığı. Her Yönüyle Obezite: Önleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 1. Baskı. ISBN:978-975-96110-3-3. Ankara-2012.ss:1-24.
  • World Health Organization. Obesity. (http://www.who.int/en/,2013).
  • Akbulut G, Rakıcıoğlu N. Şişmanlığın Beslenme Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Genel Tıp Derg 2010;20(1):35-42.
  • Aballay LR, Eynard AR, Diaz MP, Navarro A, Munoz SE. Overweight And Obesity: Their Relationship To Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer In South America. Nutr Rev 2013;71(3):168-79.
  • Elinder LS, Jansson M. Obesogenic Environments-Aspects On Measurement And Indicators. Public Health Nutrition 2007; 12(3):307-315.
  • Chopra M, Galbraith S, Hill ID. A Global Response To A Global Problem: The Epidemic Of Over Nutrition. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2002; 80 (12):952-958.
  • Fleisher AL (ed.), Yuan M, Sinha AC. Obesity and Nutrition Disorders. Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases. 6 th ed. ISBN: 978-1-4377-2787-6 Philadelphia-2012. p. 215-224.
  • World Health Organization. Overweight and Obesity FactSheet Updated. (http://www.who.int/en/,2013).
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Obezite, Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Daire Başkanlığı. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması-2010. Türkiye‟de Obezitenin Görülme Sıklığı. (http://beslenme.gov.tr/,2013).
  • Türkiye‟de Okul Çağı Çocuklarında (6-10 Yaş Grubu) Büyümenin İzlenmesi (TOÇBİ) Projesi Araştırma Raporu. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2011
  • Kaestner R. Obesity: Causes, Consequences and Public Policy Solutions. The Illinois Report 2009:94-102.
  • Je´quier E. Pathways To Obesity. International Journal of Obesity 2002; 26(2):12-17.
  • Wellman NS, Friedberg B. Causes And Consequences Of Adult Obesity: Health, Social And Economic Impacts In The United States. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11:705-709.
  • Swinburn B, Egger G, Raza F. Dissecting Obesogenic Environments: The Development and Application of a Framework for Identifying and Prioritizing Environmental Interventions for Obesity. Preventive Medicine 1999;29: 563-570.
  • Ferreira I, Horst K, Wendel-Vos W, Kremers S, Lenthe FJ, Brug J. Environmental Correlates Of Physical Activity In Youth-A Review And Update. Obesity reviews 2006;8:129-154.
  • Porter CM. Community Action To Prevent Childhood Obesity: Lessons From Three Us Case Studies. Child Obes 2013;9(2):164-74.
  • Dean JA, Elliott SJ. Prioritizing Obesity In The City. J Urban Health 2012;89(1):196-213.
  • Van Der Horst K and et.al. A Systematic Review Of Environmental Correlates Of Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviors İn Youth. Health Educ Res 2007;22(2):203-26.
  • Powell P, Spears K, Rebori M. What is Obesogenic Environment? Fact Sheet-1011. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, 2010.
  • Tomer J. What Causes Obesity? And Why Has It Grown So Much? Challenge 2011;5 (54):22-49.
  • Stender S, Dyerberg J, Astrup A. Fastfood: Unfriendly And Unhealthy. International Journal of Obesity 2007; 31:887–890.
  • Brindal E, Mohr P, Wilson C, Wittert G. Obesity And The Effects Of Choice At A Fast Food Restaurant. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2008;2: 111-117.
  • Pereira MA and et.al. Fast-Food Habits, Weight Gain, And Insulin Resistance (The Cardıa Study): 15-Year Prospective Analysis. Lancet 2005;1-7;365(9453):36-42.
  • Wylie-Rosett J, Seal-Isaacson CJ, Segal-Isaacson A.Carbohyrates And Increases In Obesity: Does The Type Of Carbohydrate Make A Difference? Obes Res 2004;12:124-9
  • Corsica JA, Hood MM. Eating Disorders In An Obesogenic Environment. Journal Of The Amerıcan Dıetetıc Assocıatıon 2011;111(7):996-1000.
  • Steyn PN, Temple NJ. Evidence To Support A Food-Based Dietary Guideline On Sugar Consumption In South Africa. BMC Public Health 2012;12:50
  • Seiyoung Y et. al. Association Between Dietary Carbohydrate, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, And The Prevalence Of Obesity In Korean Men And Women. Nutrition Research 2012 ;32: 153–159.
  • Murakami K, Sasaki S,Okubo H, Takahashi Y, Hosoi Y, Itabashi M. Dietary Fiber Intake, Dietary Glycemic Index And Load, And Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study Of 3931 Japanese Women Aged 18-20 Years. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61: 986–995.
  • Mendez MA, Covas MI, Marrugat J, Vila J, Schroder H. Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index, And Body Mass Index In Spanish Adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89: 316–322.
  • Obezite, Dislipemi, Hipertansiyon Çalışma Grubu. Obezite, Dislipidemi, Hipertansiyon Hekim İçin Tanı Ve Tedavi Rehberi. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği, Ankara,2011.
  • Fernández Morales I, Aguilar Vilas MV, Mateos Vega CJ, Martínez Para MC. Breakfast Quality And Its Relationship To The Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Adolescents In Guadalajara (Spain). Nutr Hosp 2011;26(5):952-8.
  • Cho S, Dietrich M, Brown CJ, Clark CA, Block G. The Effect Of Breakfast Type On Total Daily Energy Intake And Body Mass Index: Results From The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22(4):296-302.
  • Deshmukh-Taskar PR, Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Keast DR, Radcliffe JD, Cho S. The Relationship Of Breakfast Skipping And Type Of Breakfast Consumption With Nutrient Intake And Weight Status In Children And Adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110(6):869-78.
  • Song WO, Chun OK, Obayashi S, Cho S, Chung CE. Is Consumption Of Breakfast Associated With Body Mass İndex In US Adults? J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105(9):1373-82.
  • Kovalskys I, Indart Rougier P, Amigo MP, De Gregorio MJ, Rausch Herscovici C, Karner M. Food Intake And Anthropometric Evaluation İn School-Aged Children Of Buenos Aires. Arch Argent Pediatr 2013;111(1):9-14.
  • Castanho GK, Marsola FC, Mclellan KC, Nicola M, Moreto F, Burini RC. Consumption Of Fruit And Vegetables Associated With The Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components In An Adult Population Sample. Cien Saude Colet 2013;18(2):385-92.
  • Ledoux TA, Hingle MD, Baranowski T. Relationship Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake With Adiposity: A Systematic Review. Obes Rev. 2011 May;12(5):143-50.
  • Haynes-Maslow L, Parsons SE, Wheeler SB, Leone LA. A Qualitative Study Of Perceived Barriers To Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Among Low-Income Populations, North Carolina, 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2013;10:34.
  • Booth KM, Pınkston MM, Walker S. Poston C. Obesity And The Built Environment. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:110-117.
  • Giles-Corti B, Macintyre S, Clarkson JP, Pikora T, Donovan RJ. Environmental And Lifestyle Factors Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Perth, Australia. Am J Health Promot 2003;18(1):93-102.
  • Oyeyemi AL, Adegoke BO, Oyeyemi AY, Deforche B, Bourdeaudhuij I, Sallis JF. Environmental Factors Associated With Overweight Among Adults In Nigeria. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9: 32
  • Oreskovic NM, Kuhlthau KA, Romm D, Perrin JM. Built Environment And Weight Disparities Among Children İn High- And Low-Income Towns. Acad Pediatr 2009;9(5):315-21.
  • Spence JC, Cutumisu N, Edwards J, Evans J. Influence Of Neighbourhood Design And Access To Facilities On Overweight Among Preschool Children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2008;3(2):109-16.
  • Baysal A (ed), Baş M (ed.), Alphan ET. Obezitenin Etiyolojisi. Yetişkinlerde Ağırlık Yönetimi. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-92058-1-2. Ankara-2008.ss:17-32.
  • Baysal A (ed.), Baş M (ed.), Pekcan G. Şişmanlık Belirleyicileri: Bugün ve Gelecek için Senaryolar. Yetişkinlerde Ağırlık Yönetimi. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-92058-1-2. Ankara-2008.ss:17-32.
  • Mercanlıgil MS. Şişmanlık. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Obezite Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2012.
  • Garg SK, Maurer H, Reed K, Selagamsetty R. Diabetes And Cancer: Two Diseases With Obesity As A Common Risk Factor. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;13.
  • Vucenik I, Stains JP. Obesity And Cancer Risk: Evidence, Mechanisms, And Recommendations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1271:37-43.
  • Pischon T, Boeing H et. al. Body Size And Risk Of Prostate Cancer In The European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer And Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3252-61.
  • Pischon T, Boeing H et. al. Body Size And Risk Of Colon And Rectal Cancer In The European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 2006 5;98(13):920-31.
  • Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M. Body-Mass Index And Incidence Of Cancer: A Systematic Review And Metaanalysis Of Prospective Observational Studies. Lancet 2008;371(9612):569-78.
  • Wolk A, Gridley G, Svensson M, Nyren O, McLaughlin JK, Fraumeni JF, et al. A Prospective Study Of Obesity And Cancer Risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 2001;12(1):13-21.
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  • Arslan P (ed.), Dağ A (ed.), Türkmen EG (ed.), Çolak R. Dünya‟da obezite ile mücadele çalışmaları. Her Yönüyle Obezite: Önleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-96110-3-3 Ankara-2012. ss:25-36.

Obesogenic Environment And Effects On The Health

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 786 - 803, 01.04.2014

Öz

Obesity is one of the most common health problems and the prevalence of obesity has increased steadily on global scale and it has become a major public health problem. In addition obesity brings many diseases with it and it reduces the quality of life of individuals and lead to deaths. Many factors are effective the development of obesity. These are an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure and biological factors such as metabolism and genetics and behavioral factors such as diet and physical activity and environmental factors. Environmental change is the primary factor for the fact that obesity is endemic. So that obesogenic environment has been a phenomenon. Obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals are exposed more obesity risk factors in terms of healthy eating habits and physical activity environments. Environmental conditions that we have now are increased consumption of poor nutritional value and energy density foods. This situation suggests direct obesogenic environment. Changes in environmental factors and behaviors have become the driving force for obesity.

Kaynakça

  • Nriagu JO (ed.). Sullivan DA. Environmental Factors in Obesity: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. ISBN: 978-0-444-52272-6 USA-2011. p:380-392.
  • Çayır A, Atak N, Köse SK. Beslenme ve Diyet Kliniğine Başvuranlarda Obezite Durumu ve Etkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 2011; 64(1):13-19.
  • Türkiye Obezite (Şişmanlık) İle Mücadele ve Kontrol Programı (2010-2014). TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara, 2010.
  • Arslan P (ed.), Dağ A (ed.), Türkmen EG (ed.), Pekcan G. Obezite: Dünya‟da ve Türkiye‟de Görülme Sıklığı. Her Yönüyle Obezite: Önleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 1. Baskı. ISBN:978-975-96110-3-3. Ankara-2012.ss:1-24.
  • World Health Organization. Obesity. (http://www.who.int/en/,2013).
  • Akbulut G, Rakıcıoğlu N. Şişmanlığın Beslenme Tedavisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Genel Tıp Derg 2010;20(1):35-42.
  • Aballay LR, Eynard AR, Diaz MP, Navarro A, Munoz SE. Overweight And Obesity: Their Relationship To Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer In South America. Nutr Rev 2013;71(3):168-79.
  • Elinder LS, Jansson M. Obesogenic Environments-Aspects On Measurement And Indicators. Public Health Nutrition 2007; 12(3):307-315.
  • Chopra M, Galbraith S, Hill ID. A Global Response To A Global Problem: The Epidemic Of Over Nutrition. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2002; 80 (12):952-958.
  • Fleisher AL (ed.), Yuan M, Sinha AC. Obesity and Nutrition Disorders. Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases. 6 th ed. ISBN: 978-1-4377-2787-6 Philadelphia-2012. p. 215-224.
  • World Health Organization. Overweight and Obesity FactSheet Updated. (http://www.who.int/en/,2013).
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Obezite, Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Daire Başkanlığı. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması-2010. Türkiye‟de Obezitenin Görülme Sıklığı. (http://beslenme.gov.tr/,2013).
  • Türkiye‟de Okul Çağı Çocuklarında (6-10 Yaş Grubu) Büyümenin İzlenmesi (TOÇBİ) Projesi Araştırma Raporu. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2011
  • Kaestner R. Obesity: Causes, Consequences and Public Policy Solutions. The Illinois Report 2009:94-102.
  • Je´quier E. Pathways To Obesity. International Journal of Obesity 2002; 26(2):12-17.
  • Wellman NS, Friedberg B. Causes And Consequences Of Adult Obesity: Health, Social And Economic Impacts In The United States. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11:705-709.
  • Swinburn B, Egger G, Raza F. Dissecting Obesogenic Environments: The Development and Application of a Framework for Identifying and Prioritizing Environmental Interventions for Obesity. Preventive Medicine 1999;29: 563-570.
  • Ferreira I, Horst K, Wendel-Vos W, Kremers S, Lenthe FJ, Brug J. Environmental Correlates Of Physical Activity In Youth-A Review And Update. Obesity reviews 2006;8:129-154.
  • Porter CM. Community Action To Prevent Childhood Obesity: Lessons From Three Us Case Studies. Child Obes 2013;9(2):164-74.
  • Dean JA, Elliott SJ. Prioritizing Obesity In The City. J Urban Health 2012;89(1):196-213.
  • Van Der Horst K and et.al. A Systematic Review Of Environmental Correlates Of Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviors İn Youth. Health Educ Res 2007;22(2):203-26.
  • Powell P, Spears K, Rebori M. What is Obesogenic Environment? Fact Sheet-1011. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, 2010.
  • Tomer J. What Causes Obesity? And Why Has It Grown So Much? Challenge 2011;5 (54):22-49.
  • Stender S, Dyerberg J, Astrup A. Fastfood: Unfriendly And Unhealthy. International Journal of Obesity 2007; 31:887–890.
  • Brindal E, Mohr P, Wilson C, Wittert G. Obesity And The Effects Of Choice At A Fast Food Restaurant. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2008;2: 111-117.
  • Pereira MA and et.al. Fast-Food Habits, Weight Gain, And Insulin Resistance (The Cardıa Study): 15-Year Prospective Analysis. Lancet 2005;1-7;365(9453):36-42.
  • Wylie-Rosett J, Seal-Isaacson CJ, Segal-Isaacson A.Carbohyrates And Increases In Obesity: Does The Type Of Carbohydrate Make A Difference? Obes Res 2004;12:124-9
  • Corsica JA, Hood MM. Eating Disorders In An Obesogenic Environment. Journal Of The Amerıcan Dıetetıc Assocıatıon 2011;111(7):996-1000.
  • Steyn PN, Temple NJ. Evidence To Support A Food-Based Dietary Guideline On Sugar Consumption In South Africa. BMC Public Health 2012;12:50
  • Seiyoung Y et. al. Association Between Dietary Carbohydrate, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, And The Prevalence Of Obesity In Korean Men And Women. Nutrition Research 2012 ;32: 153–159.
  • Murakami K, Sasaki S,Okubo H, Takahashi Y, Hosoi Y, Itabashi M. Dietary Fiber Intake, Dietary Glycemic Index And Load, And Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study Of 3931 Japanese Women Aged 18-20 Years. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61: 986–995.
  • Mendez MA, Covas MI, Marrugat J, Vila J, Schroder H. Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index, And Body Mass Index In Spanish Adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89: 316–322.
  • Obezite, Dislipemi, Hipertansiyon Çalışma Grubu. Obezite, Dislipidemi, Hipertansiyon Hekim İçin Tanı Ve Tedavi Rehberi. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği, Ankara,2011.
  • Fernández Morales I, Aguilar Vilas MV, Mateos Vega CJ, Martínez Para MC. Breakfast Quality And Its Relationship To The Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Adolescents In Guadalajara (Spain). Nutr Hosp 2011;26(5):952-8.
  • Cho S, Dietrich M, Brown CJ, Clark CA, Block G. The Effect Of Breakfast Type On Total Daily Energy Intake And Body Mass Index: Results From The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22(4):296-302.
  • Deshmukh-Taskar PR, Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Keast DR, Radcliffe JD, Cho S. The Relationship Of Breakfast Skipping And Type Of Breakfast Consumption With Nutrient Intake And Weight Status In Children And Adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110(6):869-78.
  • Song WO, Chun OK, Obayashi S, Cho S, Chung CE. Is Consumption Of Breakfast Associated With Body Mass İndex In US Adults? J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105(9):1373-82.
  • Kovalskys I, Indart Rougier P, Amigo MP, De Gregorio MJ, Rausch Herscovici C, Karner M. Food Intake And Anthropometric Evaluation İn School-Aged Children Of Buenos Aires. Arch Argent Pediatr 2013;111(1):9-14.
  • Castanho GK, Marsola FC, Mclellan KC, Nicola M, Moreto F, Burini RC. Consumption Of Fruit And Vegetables Associated With The Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components In An Adult Population Sample. Cien Saude Colet 2013;18(2):385-92.
  • Ledoux TA, Hingle MD, Baranowski T. Relationship Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake With Adiposity: A Systematic Review. Obes Rev. 2011 May;12(5):143-50.
  • Haynes-Maslow L, Parsons SE, Wheeler SB, Leone LA. A Qualitative Study Of Perceived Barriers To Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Among Low-Income Populations, North Carolina, 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2013;10:34.
  • Booth KM, Pınkston MM, Walker S. Poston C. Obesity And The Built Environment. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:110-117.
  • Giles-Corti B, Macintyre S, Clarkson JP, Pikora T, Donovan RJ. Environmental And Lifestyle Factors Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Perth, Australia. Am J Health Promot 2003;18(1):93-102.
  • Oyeyemi AL, Adegoke BO, Oyeyemi AY, Deforche B, Bourdeaudhuij I, Sallis JF. Environmental Factors Associated With Overweight Among Adults In Nigeria. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9: 32
  • Oreskovic NM, Kuhlthau KA, Romm D, Perrin JM. Built Environment And Weight Disparities Among Children İn High- And Low-Income Towns. Acad Pediatr 2009;9(5):315-21.
  • Spence JC, Cutumisu N, Edwards J, Evans J. Influence Of Neighbourhood Design And Access To Facilities On Overweight Among Preschool Children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2008;3(2):109-16.
  • Baysal A (ed), Baş M (ed.), Alphan ET. Obezitenin Etiyolojisi. Yetişkinlerde Ağırlık Yönetimi. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-92058-1-2. Ankara-2008.ss:17-32.
  • Baysal A (ed.), Baş M (ed.), Pekcan G. Şişmanlık Belirleyicileri: Bugün ve Gelecek için Senaryolar. Yetişkinlerde Ağırlık Yönetimi. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-92058-1-2. Ankara-2008.ss:17-32.
  • Mercanlıgil MS. Şişmanlık. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Obezite Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2012.
  • Garg SK, Maurer H, Reed K, Selagamsetty R. Diabetes And Cancer: Two Diseases With Obesity As A Common Risk Factor. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;13.
  • Vucenik I, Stains JP. Obesity And Cancer Risk: Evidence, Mechanisms, And Recommendations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1271:37-43.
  • Pischon T, Boeing H et. al. Body Size And Risk Of Prostate Cancer In The European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer And Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3252-61.
  • Pischon T, Boeing H et. al. Body Size And Risk Of Colon And Rectal Cancer In The European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 2006 5;98(13):920-31.
  • Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M. Body-Mass Index And Incidence Of Cancer: A Systematic Review And Metaanalysis Of Prospective Observational Studies. Lancet 2008;371(9612):569-78.
  • Wolk A, Gridley G, Svensson M, Nyren O, McLaughlin JK, Fraumeni JF, et al. A Prospective Study Of Obesity And Cancer Risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 2001;12(1):13-21.
  • Koçak M, Erem C. Obezite ve Kanser. Turkiye Klinikleri J Endocrin-Special Topics 2013;6(1):40-4.
  • Wolin KY, Carson K, Colditz GA. Obesity And Cancer. Oncologist 2010;15(6):556-65.
  • Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, Obesity, And Mortality From Cancer In A Prospectively Studied Cohort Of U.S. Adults. N Engl J Med 2003;348(17):1625-38
  • Bogers RP, Bemelmans WJ and et. al. Association Of Overweight With Increased Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease Partly Independent Of Blood Pressure And Cholesterol Levels: A Meta-Analysis Of 21 Cohort Studies Including More Than 300 000 Persons. Arch In tern Med 2007;167(16): 1720-8.
  • Yaylalı GF, Yaylalı YT. Obezite ve Kalp. Turkiye Klinikleri J Endocrin-Special Topics 2013;6(1):45-9.
  • Samur GE, Yıldız EA. Obezite ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar / Hipertansiyon. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Obezite Diyabet ve Metabolik Hastalıklar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2012.
  • Saitoh S. Hypertension. Nihon Rinsho 2013;71(2):281-5.
  • Rahman AJ, Qamar FN, Ashraf S, Khowaja ZA, Tariq SB, Naeem H. Prevalence of Hypertension İn Healthy School Children İn Pakistan And Its Relationship With Body Mass Index, Proteinuria And Hematuria. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2013;24(2):408-12.
  • Abougalambou SS, Abougalambou AS. A Study Evaluating Prevalence Of Hypertension And Risk Factors Affecting On Blood Pressure Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Teaching Hospital In Malaysia. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013;7(2):83-6.
  • Kalan I, Yeşil Y. Obezite ile İlişkili Kronik Hastalıklar. Türk Eczacılar Birliği Yayını/ Meslek İçi Sürekli Eğitim Dergisi. 2010;23-24:78-81.
  • Cronin O, Morris DR, Walker PJ, Golledge J. The Association Of Obesity With Cardiovascular Events In Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Atherosclerosis 2013;228(2):316-23.
  • Akalın A. Obezite ve Endokrin Sistem. Turkiye Klinikleri J Endocrin-Special Topics 2013;6(1):32-6.
  • Kaufman FR, Shaw J. Type 2 Diabetes In Youth: Rates, Antecedents, Treatment, Problems And Prevention. Pediatr Diabetes 2007;8:4-6.
  • Akkaya S, Akkaya N. Obezite ve Kas İskelet Sistemi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Endocrin-Special Topics 2013;6(1):60-4
  • Arslan P (ed.), Dağ A (ed.), Türkmen EG (ed.), Çakır B. Türkiye Sağlıklı Beslenme ve Hareketli Hayat programı. Her Yönüyle Obezite: Önleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-96110-3-3 Ankara-2012. ss.37-47.
  • Arslan P (ed.), Dağ A (ed.), Türkmen EG (ed.), Çolak R. Dünya‟da obezite ile mücadele çalışmaları. Her Yönüyle Obezite: Önleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-975-96110-3-3 Ankara-2012. ss:25-36.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA78ZK48HR
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Merve Şeyda Karaçil Bu kişi benim

Nevin Şanlıer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaçil, M. Ş., & Şanlıer, N. (2014). Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 786-803.
AMA Karaçil MŞ, Şanlıer N. Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Nisan 2014;3(2):786-803.
Chicago Karaçil, Merve Şeyda, ve Nevin Şanlıer. “Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Nisan 2014): 786-803.
EndNote Karaçil MŞ, Şanlıer N (01 Nisan 2014) Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3 2 786–803.
IEEE M. Ş. Karaçil ve N. Şanlıer, “Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 786–803, 2014.
ISNAD Karaçil, Merve Şeyda - Şanlıer, Nevin. “Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3/2 (Nisan 2014), 786-803.
JAMA Karaçil MŞ, Şanlıer N. Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014;3:786–803.
MLA Karaçil, Merve Şeyda ve Nevin Şanlıer. “Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2014, ss. 786-03.
Vancouver Karaçil MŞ, Şanlıer N. Obezojenik Çevre Ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014;3(2):786-803.