İNME VE BESLENMENİN İNME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 112 - 118, 31.12.2016

Ezgi Bellikci Koyu Gülşah Kaner Emine Akal Yıldız

Öz

İnme, başta gelişmiş ülkeler olmak üzere tüm Dünya'da önemli
bir sağlık sorunudur. Her yıl dünyada 15 milyon kişi inme geçirmektedir. Bu
kişilerin 5 milyonu yaşamını yitirmekte, 5 milyonu ise sakat kalmaktadır.
İnmenin değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri arasında hipertansiyon, diyabet,
dislipidemi, sigara kullanımı, alkol tüketimi, sedanter yaşam tarzı, obezite ve
beslenme alışkanlıkları yer almaktadır. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda, birçok
besin ögesinin inme riski ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sodyum alımının
sınırlandırılması ve yeterli potasyum alımı, inmenin değiştirilebilir risk
faktörleri arasında yer alan hipertansiyonun kontrolüne yardımcı olması
açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca, biyoaktif bileşenlerden ve posadan zengin bir
diyet ile kırmızı et ve işlenmiş et ürünlerinin sınırlandırıldığı diyetlerin
inme riskinin azaltılmasında önemli rolü vardır. Vücut ağırlığı denetiminin de,
özellikle iskemik inmeden korunmak için önemli olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu
derlemede, inmenin beslenme ile ilişkili risk faktörleri meta-analiz sonuçları
ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Besin, Diyet, İnme, Serebrovasküler Hastalıklar

Kaynakça

• Truelsen, T., Begg, S., and Mathers, C. (2000). The global burden of cerebrovascular disease. World Health Organization. Geneva
• Mackay, J., Mensah, G. A., Mendis, S., and Greenlund, K. (2004). The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü (2010). Türkiye kalp ve damar hastalıklarını önleme ve kontrol programı. birincil, ikincil ve üçüncül korumaya yönelik stratejik plan ve eylem planı (2010-2014). Ankara, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Fillit, H. M, (ed.), Rockwood, K., (ed.) and Woodhouse, K., (ed.). (2010). Brocklehurst’s textbook of geriatric medicine and gerontology (pp:478-483). Seventh Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. “Ischemic strokes (clots) ”.Erişim tarihi: 22.07.2016 http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/IschemicClots/Ischemic-Strokes-Clots_UCM_310939_Article.jsp#.V5ID9vmLTDc
• American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. “Hemorrhagic Strokes (Bleeds)”. Erişim tarihi: 22.07.2016 http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/HemorrhagicBleeds/Hemorrhagic-Strokes-Bleeds_UCM_310940_Article.jsp#.V5IEsPmLTDc
• Goldstein, L. B., Bushnell, C. D., Adams, R. J., Appel, L. J., Braun, L. T., Chaturvedi, S., et al. (2011). “Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association”. Stroke, 42(2), 517-584.
• Strazzullo, P., D'Elia, L., Cairella, G., Garbagnati, F., Cappuccio, F.P., and Scalfi L. (2010). “Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: Meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants”. Stroke, 41(5): 418-426.
• Bazzano, L. A., He, J., Ogden, L. G., Loria, C., Vupputuri, S., Myers, L., et al. (2001). “Dietary potassium intake and risk of stroke in US men and women National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study.” Stroke, 32(7), 1473-1480.
• Park, J., and Keun Kwock, C., (2015). “Sodium intake and prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke in Korean Adults”. J Ethn Foods, 2: 92-96.
• Strazzullo, P., D'Elia, L., Kandala, N. B., and Cappuccio, F. P. (2009). “Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies”. BMJ, 339: B4567.
• D'Elia, L., Barba, G., Cappuccio, F.P., and Strazzullo, P. (2011). “Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies”. J Am Coll Cardiol, 57(10): 1210-1219.
• Stokes, J., Kannel, W.B., Wolf, P.A., D'Agostino, R.B., and Cupples, L. A. (1989). “Blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study-30 years of follow-up.” Hypertension, 13(5): 113-118.
• Larsson, S. C., Orsini, N., and Wolk, A. (2011). “Dietary potassium intake and risk of stroke: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies”. Stroke , 42(10): 2746-2750.
• Appel, L. J., Frohlich, E. D., Hall, J. E., Pearson, T. A., Sacco, R. L., Seals, D. R., et al. (2011). “The importance of population-wide sodium reduction as a means to prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke a call to action from the American Heart Association. ” Circulation, 123(10), 1138-1143.
• World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Progress in Reducing Salt Consumption in Turkey. Erişim tarihi: 22.07.2016 http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/news/news/2013/04/ progress-in-reducing-salt-consumption-in-turkey
• Jakab, M., Hawkins, L., Loring, B., Tello, J., Ergüder, T., Kontas, M., (2014). Better non-communicable disease outcomes: challenges and opportunities for health systems, No. 2 Turkey country assessment. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
• Joshipura, K. J., Ascherio, A., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Speizer, F. E., et al. (1999). “Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke”. Jama, 282(13), 1233-1239.
• He, F. J., Nowson, C. A., and MacGregor, G. A. (2006). “Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: Meta-analysis of cohort studies”. Lancet, 367(9507): 320-326.
• Jayakumar, T., Elizebeth, A. R., Yen, T. L, and Sheu, J. R. (2015). “Chinese medicines and bioactive compounds for treatment of stroke”. Chin J Integr Med, 21(2): 90-101.
• Tang, Z., Li, M., Zhang, X., and Hou, W. (2016). “Dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of stroke: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies”. BMJ Open, 6(e008680): 1-8.
• Karppi, J., Laukkanen, J.A., Sivenius, J., Ronkainen, K., and Kurl, S. (2012). “Serum lycopene decreases the risk of stroke in men: A population-based follow-up study”. Neurology, 79(15): 1540-1547.
• Li, X., and Xu, J. (2014). “Dietary and circulating lycopene and stroke risk: A meta-analysis of prospective studies”. Sci Rep, 4(5031): 1-7.
• Oude Griep, L. M., Verschuren, W. M., Kromhout, D., Ocké, M. C., and Geleijnse, J. M. (2011). “Colors of fruit and vegetables and 10-year incidence of stroke”. Stroke, 42(11): 3190-3195.
• Hollman, P. C. H, Geelen, A., and Kromhout, D. (2010). “Dietary flavonol intake may lower stroke risk in men and women”. J Nutr, 140(3): 600-604.
• Cassidy, A., Rimm, E. B., O'Reilly, É. J., Logroscino, G., Kay, C., Chiuve, S. E., et al. (2012). “Dietary flavonoids and risk of stroke in women”. Stroke, 43(4): 946-951.
• Hak, A. E., Ma, J., Powell, C. B., Campos, H., Gaziano, J. M., Willett, W. C., et al. (2004). “Prospective study of plasma carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to risk of ishemic stroke”. Stroke, 35(7):1584-1588.
• Rissanen, T. H., Voutilainen, S., Nyyssönen, K., Lakka, T. A., Sivenius, J., Salonen R., et al. (2001). “Low serum lycopene concentration is associated with an excess incidence of acute coronary events and stroke: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study”. Br J Nutr, 85(6): 749-754.
• Medeiros, F., Casanova Mde, A., Fraulob, J. C., and Trindade, M. (2012). “How can diet influence the risk of stroke”? Int J Hypertens, 2012: 763597.
• Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G., and Gluud, C. (2007). “Mortality in Randomised Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention”. JAMA, 297(8): 842-857.
• Threapleton, D. E., Greenwood, D. C., Evans, C. E, Cleghorn, C. L., Nykjaer, C., Woodhead, C., et al. (2013). “Dietary fiber intake and risk of first stroke a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Stroke, 44: 1360-1368.
• Larsson, S. C., and Wolk, A. (2014). “Dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with stroke incidence in healthy Swedish Adults”. J Nutr, 144: 1952-1955.
• Threapleton, D. E., Burley, V. J., Greenwood, D. C., and Cade, J. E. (2015). “Dietary fibre intake and risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in The UK Women's Cohort Study”. Eur J Clin Nutr, 69(4): 467-474.
• Chen, G. C., Lv, D. B., Pang, Z., Dong, J. Y., and Liu, Q. F. (2013). “Dietary fiber intake and stroke risk: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies”. Eur J Clin Nutr, 67: 96-100.
• Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L, Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B., Willett, W. C., et al. (1992). “A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US men”. Circulation, 86(5): 1475-1484.
• Mozaffarian, D., Kumanyika, S. K., Lemaitre, R. N., Olson, J. L, Burke, G. L., and Siscovick, D. S. (2003). “Cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals”. JAMA, 289(13): 1659-1666.
• Liu, S., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rexrode, K. M., Hu, F. B., Rimm E. B., et al. (2000). “Whole Grain Consumption and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Women a Prospective Study”. JAMA, 284(12): 1534-1540.
• Lippi, G., Mattiuzzi, C., and Cervellin, G. (2016). “Meat consumption and cancer risk: A critical review of published meta-analyses”. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 97: 1-14.
• Bovalino, S, Charleson, G, and Szoeke, C. (2016). “The Impact of Red and Processed Meat Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women”. Nutrition, 32(3): 349-354.
• Kim Y., Keogh J., and Clifton P. (2015). “A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Metabolism, 64(7): 768-779.
• Chen, G. C., Lv, D. B., Pang, Z., and Liu, Q. F. (2012). “Red and processed meat consumption and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies”. Eur J Clin Nutr, 67(1): 1-5.
• Larsson, S. C., and Orsini, N. (2011). “Fish consumption and the risk of stroke: A dose-response meta-analysis”. Stroke, 42: 3621-3623.
• Chowdhury, R., Stevens, S., Gorman, D., Pan, A., Warnakula, S., Chowdhury, S., et al. (2012). “Associations between fish consumption, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis”. BMJ, 345: e6698.
• Cheng T. O. (2006). “All teas are not created equal: The chinese green tea and cardiovascular health”. Int J Cardiol, 108(3): 301-308.
• Yang, Y. C., Lu, F. H, Wu, J. S, Wu, C. H., and Chang, C. J. (2004). “The protective effect of habitual tea consumption on hypertension”. Arch Intern Med, 164(14): 1534-1540.
• Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Woodman, R. J., Mulder, T. P., Fuchs, D., Scott, K., et al. (2012). “Effects of black tea on blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial”. Arch Intern Med, 172(2): 186-188.
• Debette, S., Courbon, D., Leone, N., Gariepy, J., Tzourio, C., Dartigues J. F., et al. (2008). “Tea consumption is inversely associated with carotid plaques in women”. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 28(2): 353-359.
• Shen, L., Song, L. G., Ma, H., Jin, C. N., Wang, J. A., and Xiang, M. X. (2012).“Tea consumption and risk of stroke: A dose response meta-analysis of prospective studies”. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 13(8): 652-662.
• Palatini, P., Fania, C., Mos, L., Garavelli, G., Mazzer, A., Cozzio, S., et al. (2016). “Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Results from the HARVEST”. Int J Cardiol, 212: 131-137.
• di Giuseppe, R., Wirth, J., and Weikert, C. (2015). “Coffee and risk of cardiovascular disease: An overview of epidemiologic studies”. Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention, 377-385.
• Larsson, S. C., and Orsini, N. (2011). “Coffee consumption and risk of stroke: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies”. Am J Epidemiol, 174(9): 993-1001.
• Bucher Della Torre, S., Keller, A., Laure Depeyre, J., and Kruseman, M. (2016).“Sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity risk in children and adolescents: A systematic analysis on how methodological quality may ınfluence conclusions”. J Acad Nutr Diet ,116(4): 638-659.
• Ma, J., Fox, C. S., Jacques, P. F., Speliotes, E. K., Hoffmann, U., Smith, C. E., et al. (2015). “Sugar-sweetened beverage, diet soda, and fatty liver disease in the Framingham Heart Study Cohorts”. J Hepatol, 63(2): 462-469.
• Sayon-Orea, C., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Gea, A., Alonso, A., Pimenta, A. M. and Bes-Rastrollo, M. (2015). “Baseline consumption and changes in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the incidence of hypertension: The SUN Project”. Clin Nutr, 34(6): 1133-1140.
• Huang, C., Huang, J., Tian, Y., Yang, X., and Gu, D. (2014). “Sugar sweetened beverages consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of prospective studies”. Atherosclerosis, 234(1): 11-16.
• Bernstein, A. M., de Koning, L., Flint, A. J., Rexrode, K. M., and Willett W. C. (2012). “Soda consumption and the risk of stroke in men and women”. Am J Clin Nutr , 95:1190-1199.