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Teanin

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 128 - 135, 28.03.2019

Öz



 L-teanin, başlıca yeşil, siyah, beyaz ve
oolong çayın üretildiği Camellia sinensis
yapraklarında bulunan ve çayın umami tadına katkı sağlayan özel bir amino
asittir. Rahatlama, konsantrasyon ve öğrenme kabiliyetini geliştirme, nörolojik
koruma, kafeinin olumsuz etkilerini azaltma, kan basıncını düşürme, vasküler
hastalıkları önleme, antiobesite, antitümör ve antioksidan gibi pek çok
farmakolojik ve biyoaktif etkileri olduğu belirtilmektedir. Biyolojik
aktivitesini nitrik oksit üretimini ve glutatyon sentezini arttırarak ve
inflamatuvar cevabı baskılayarak gösterdiği ifade edilmektedir. Teanin
metabolizması ile ilgili kesin kanıta dayalı sonuç bulunmamakla birlikte
etilamin ve glutamik aside metabolize edildiği ve idrarla atıldığı ileri
sürülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, ülkemizde oldukça fazla oranda tüketilen
yeşil ve siyah çayda bulunan L-teaninin kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerini
açıklayarak sağlık üzerine etkileri hakkında özet bilgi vermektir.

Kaynakça

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  • 9. Ekborg-Ott, K. H., Taylor, A., Armstrong, D. W., (1997). Varietal differences in the total and enantiomeric composition of theanine in tea. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 45, 353-63.
  • 10. Türközü, D., Şahinler, N., (2017). L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(8), 1681-1687
  • 11. Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, A., Bandyopadhyay, S. K., (2016). L-Theanine: A Prospective Natural Medicine. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 41(21), 95-103.
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  • 13. Başkan, M. H., Aydın, M., (2013). Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of gamma-irradiated DL-alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride, L-theanine and L-glutamic acid dimethyl ester hydrochloride. Spectrochimica Acta A Molecular Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 112, 280-2.
  • 14. Narukawa, M., Toda, Y., Nakagita, T., Hayashi, Y., Misaka, T., (2014). L- theanine elicits umami taste via the T1R1 + T1R3 umami taste receptor. Amino Acids, 46(6), 1583-87.
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  • 16. Deng, W. W., Ogita, S., Ashihara, H., (2008). Biosynthesis of theanine (g-ethylamino-L-glutamic acid) in seedlings of Camellia sinensis. Phytochemistry Letters, 1(2), 115–9.
  • 17. Mu, W., Zhang, T., Bo, J., (2015). An overview of biological production of L-theanine. Biotechnology Advances, 33, 335–42.
  • 18. Basavaraju, L., John, M., Venkatesh, P., Pawar, V., Sinkar, V. P., Ganesh, P. T., Guttapadu, S., (2012). Theanine Biosynthesis during tea seed germination. International Journal of Tea Sciences, 8(3), 30–34.
  • 19. Unno, T., Suzuki, Y., Kakuda, T., Hayakawa, T., Tsuge, H., (1999). Metabolism of theanine, γ-glutamylethylamide, in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47(4), 1593-96.
  • 20. Lichtenstein, N., (1942). Preparation of alkylamides of glutamic acid. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 64, 1021–22.
  • 21. Williams, J., Kellett, J., Roach, PD., McKune, A., Mellor, D.,Thomas, J., Naumovski,N., 2016. L-Theanine as a Functional Food Additive: Its Role in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Beverages, 2(2), 13.
  • 22. Yamamoto, S.,Wakayama,M., Tachiki, T., (2008). Cloning and expression of methylovorus mays no. 9 gene encoding gamma-glutamylmethylamide synthetase: An enzyme usable in theanine formation by coupling with the alcoholic fermentation system of baker’s yeast. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 72, 101–109.23. Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Jia, X., Wu, Y., Luo, L., Yin, Z., (2008). Mn2+ enhances theanine-forming activity of recombinant glutamine synthetase from bacillus subtilis in escherichia coli. World Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, 24, 1267–72.
  • 24. Juneja, R., Chu, DC., Okubo, T., Nagato, Y., Yokogoshi, H., (1999). L-theanine-a unique amino acid of green tea and its effect in humans. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 10 (6), 199–204.
  • 25. Eschenauer, G.,Sweet, B.V., (2006). Pharmacology and therapeutic uses of theanine. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 63(1):26, 28-30.
  • 26. Scheid, L., Ellinger, S., Alteheld, B., Herholz, H., Ellinger, J., Henn, T., Helfrich, HP., Stehle, P., 2012. Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. Journal of Nutrition,142(12), 2091-96.
  • 27. Sadzuka, Y., Sugiyama, T., Nagamine, M., Umegaki, K., Sonobe, T., (2006). Efficacy of theanine is connected with theanine metabolism by any enzyme, not only drug metabolizing enzymes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(2), 286-92.
  • 28. Tsuge, H., Sano, S., Hayakawa, T., Kakuda, T., Unno, T., (2003). Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 1620, 47–53.
  • 29. Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, YM., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., Takeuchi, N., (1995). Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 59(4), 615-8.
  • 30. Nobre, AC., Rao, A., Owen, GN., (2008). L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asian Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition,17, 167–8.
  • 31. Nathan, PJ., Lu, K., Gray, M., Oliver, C., (2006). The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) :a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 6( 2), 21-30.
  • 32. Sumathi, T., Asha, D., Nagarajan, G., Sreenivas, A., Nivedha, R., (2016). L-theanine alleviates the neuropathological changes induced by PCB (Aroclor 1254) via inhibiting upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in rat brain. Environmental Toxicology Pharmacology, 42, 99–117.
  • 33. Ahdihary, R., Mandal, V., (2017). L-Theanine: A potential multifaceted natural bioactive amide as health supplement. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(9), 842-8.
  • 34. Owen, G. N., Parnell, H., De Bruin, EA., Rycroft, J. A., 2008. The combined effects of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood. Nutritional Neuroscience, 11(4), 193-8.
  • 35. Lyon, MR., Kapoor, MP., Juneja, LR., (2011). The Effects of L-Theanine (Suntheanine®) on Objective Sleep Quality in Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Alternative Medicine Review, 16(4), 348-54.
  • 36. Yoto, A., Motoki, M., Murao, S., Yokogoshi, H., (2012). Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 31(1), 28.
  • 37. Siamwala, J.H., Dias, P.M., Majumder, S., Joshi, M.K., Sinkar, V.P., Banerjee, G., Chatterjee, S., (2013). L-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through eNOS phosphorylation. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24(3), 595-605.
  • 38. Yokozawa, T., Dong, E., (1997). Influence of green tea and its three major components upon low-density lipoprotein oxidation.Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 49 (5), 329-35.
  • 39. Jiang, W., Gao, M., Sun, S., Bi, A., Xin, Y., Han, X., Wang, L., Yin, Z., Luo, L., (2012). Protective effect of L-theanine on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communication, 422(2), 344-50.
  • 40. Li, G., Ye, Y., Kang, J., Yao, X., Zhang, Y., Jiang, W., Gao, M., Dai, Y., Xin, Y., Wang, Q., Yin, Z., Luo, L., (2012). L-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 50(2), 363-72.
  • 41. Pérez-Vargas, J., Zarco, N., Vergara, P., Shibayama, M., Segovia, J., Tsutsumi, V., Muriel, P., (2016). L-Theanine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of nuclear factor κB and down-regulation of transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 35(2), 135-46.
  • 42. Friedman, M., (2007). Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas. Molecular nutrition & food research, 51(1), 116-34.
  • 43. Friedman, M., Mackey, B. E., Kim, H. J., Lee, I. S., Lee, K. R., Lee, S. U., et al. (2007). Structure–activity relationships of tea compounds against human cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 243–53.
  • 44. Sugiyama, T., Sadzuka, Y., (2004). Theanine, a specific glutamate derivative in green tea, reduces the adverse reactions of doxorubicin by changing the glutathione level. Cancer letters, 212(2), 177-184.
  • 45. Bukowski, JF., Percival, SS., 2008. L-theanine intervention enhances human gammadeltaT lymphocyte function. Nutrition Reviews, 66(2), 96-102.
  • 46. Kurihara, S., Shibahara, S., Arisaka, H., Akiyama, Y., (2007). Enhancement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in mice by co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine. Journal Veterinary Medicine Science, 69(12), 1263-70.
  • 47. Miyagawa, K., Hayashi, Y., Kurihara, S., Maeda, A., (2008). Co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine enhances efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly persons:Nutritional status-dependent immunogenicity. Geriatrics& Gerontology International, 8(4), 243–50.
  • 48. Yokogoshi, H., Kobayashi, M., Mochizuki, M., Terashima, T., (1998). Effect of Theanine, gama glutamylethylamide, on Brain Monoamines and Striatal Dopamine Release in Conscious Rats. Neurochemical Research, 23, 671-77.
  • 49. Zheng, G., Sayama, K., Okubo, T., Juneja, LR., Oguni, I., (2004). Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. In vivo, 18(1), 55-62.
  • 50. Borzelleca, J.F., Peters, D., Hall, W., (2006). A 13-week dietary toxicity and toxicokinetic study with l-theanine in rats. Food and and Chemical Toxicology, 44(7), 1158-66.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Birgül Vanizor Kural 0000-0003-0730-9660

Huriye Patan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3608-8625

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Vanizor Kural, B., & Patan, H. (2019). Teanin. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 128-135.
AMA Vanizor Kural B, Patan H. Teanin. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Mart 2019;8(1):128-135.
Chicago Vanizor Kural, Birgül, ve Huriye Patan. “Teanin”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Mart 2019): 128-35.
EndNote Vanizor Kural B, Patan H (01 Mart 2019) Teanin. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 128–135.
IEEE B. Vanizor Kural ve H. Patan, “Teanin”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 128–135, 2019.
ISNAD Vanizor Kural, Birgül - Patan, Huriye. “Teanin”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (Mart 2019), 128-135.
JAMA Vanizor Kural B, Patan H. Teanin. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8:128–135.
MLA Vanizor Kural, Birgül ve Huriye Patan. “Teanin”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 128-35.
Vancouver Vanizor Kural B, Patan H. Teanin. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8(1):128-35.