Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik

Hatice Demirağ; Sevilay Hintistan

doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.727393

Derleme

Clinical Management and Nursing of COVID-19

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 222 - 231, 30.06.2020

Hatice Demirağ , Sevilay Hintistan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.727393

Cited By: 7

Öz

“COVID-19” disease is an
infectious disease that was declared as a pandemic by the World Health
Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 and is caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 epidemic, which is spreading
worldwide, causes morbidity and mortality increase day by day. Nurses who have
the most contact with the patient play an important role in clinical management
of the disease and prevention of infection. The purpose of this review is to
provide information about the risk factors, transmission route, diagnosis and
treatment of COVID-19, to identify clinical symptoms, and to discuss optimal
nursing management in the clinical management of patients admitted to the
hospital with COVID-19 infection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Nursing, Clinical Management

Kaynakça

1. Tomasi DL. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A socioepidemiological analysis. Bennington, VAAT: Vermont Academy of Arts and Sciences LV(I), 2020; (1): p.1-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339936638.
2. Salute MD. Nuovo Coronavirus. Roma, I: Governo-Repubblica Italiana, 2020. http://www.salute.gov.it/nuovocoronavirus. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
3. De Rio C, Malani PN. Novel Coronavirus-Important Information for Clinicians. JAMA, 2020; 323(11): 1039-40. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1490.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Q&A on coronaviruses, 2020. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
5. Salute MD. Covid-19 - Situazione in Italia. Roma, I: Governo-Repubblica Italiana, 2020. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioContenutiNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=5351&area=nuovoCoronavirus&menu=vuoto. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
6. World Health Organization (WHO). Rolling Updates on Coronavirus Disaesa (COVİD-19), 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation, 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2020).
8. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye’deki güncel durum: Türkiye genel koronavirüs tablosu, 2020. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2020).
9. Bosely S, Quoting Professor G Leung (Hong Kong). Coronavirus ‘could infect 60% of global population if unchecked’. The Guardian, 2020 Feb 11. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/11/coronavirus-expert-warns-infection-could-reach-60-of-worlds-population. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020).
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings, 2020. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fhcp%2Finfection-control.html). (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
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13. Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 2020; 41(2): 145-51. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003.
14. Kam KQ, Yung CF, Cui L, et al. A Well Infant with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with High Viral Load. Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Feb 28. pii: ciaa201. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa201. [Epub ahead of print].
15. Wei M, Yuan J, Liu Y, Fu T, Yu X, Zhang ZJ. Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA, 2020 Feb 14. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2131. [Epub ahead of print].
16. Chen F, Liu ZS, Zhang FR, et al. First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2020 Feb 11; 58(0): E005. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.0005. [Epub ahead of print].
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19. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020 Feb 28: p.1-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. [Epub ahead of print].
20. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet,2020; 395(10223): 497-506. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
21. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan. JAMA,2020; 323(11): 1061-69. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
22. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok K, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A Study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 2020; 395(10223): 514-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9.
23. Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382: 929-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.
24. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet , 2020; 395(10223): 507-13. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
25. Hoehl S, Berger A, Kortenbusch M, et al. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Returning Travelers from Wuhan, China. New England Journal of Medicine. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382 (13): 1278-80. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001899.
26. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(13): 1199-207. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
27. Chen W, Lan Y, Yuan X, et al. Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2020; 9(1): 469-73. DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1732837.
28. Chang D, Minggui L, Wei L, et al. Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan China. JAMA, 2020; 323(11):1092-93. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1623.
29. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(8): 727-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
30. Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, et al. Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med, 2020 ;382(9): 872-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001272.
31. Lei J, Li J, Li X, Qi X. CT Imaging of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia. Radiology, 2020; 295(1): 18. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200236.020 Feb 20: 200463. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200463. [Epub ahead of print].
33. Xu X, Yu C, Qu J, et al. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2020 Feb 28. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04735-9. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, et al. Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. J Infect, 2020; 80(4): 388-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.016.
35. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology; 2020 Feb 26: 200642. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642. [Epub ahead of print].
36. Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020; 20: 425–34. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4.
37. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(12): 1177-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737.
38. Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, et al. Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2020; 9(1): 386-9. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071.
39. Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, et al. Singapore 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Research Team. Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA, 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3204. [Epub ahead of print].
40. Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhu S, et al. Isolation of 2019-nCoV from a Stool Specimen of a Laboratory-Confirmed Case of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J]. China CDC Weekly, 2020; 2(8): 123-4.
41. Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Gou D. Evaluation of coronavirus tears and conjunctival secretions of patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol, 2020: p.1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25725.
42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Highlights of CDC’s Response, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html#anchor_1582494216224. (Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2020).
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Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 222 - 231, 30.06.2020

Hatice Demirağ , Sevilay Hintistan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.727393

Cited By: 7

Öz

“COVID-19” hastalığı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü
(DSÖ) tarafından 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi olarak ilan edilen ve ciddi akut solunum sendromu
koronavirüs 2'nin (SARS-CoV-2) neden olduğu bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. Dünya
genelinde hızla yayılan COVID-19 salgını her geçen gün morbitide ve mortalite
sayısının artmasına neden olmaktadır. Hasta ile en çok temas eden hemşireler, hastalığın
klinik yönetiminde ve enfeksiyonun önlenmesinde önemli derecede rol
almaktadırlar. Bu derlemenin amacı, COVID-19’un
risk faktörleri, bulaş yolu, tanı, tedavi hakkında bilgi vermek, klinik
semptomları tanımlamak ve COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile hastaneye başvuran hastaların
klinik yönetiminde optimum hemşirelik yönetimini tartışmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Hemşirelik, Klinik Yönetim

Kaynakça

1. Tomasi DL. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A socioepidemiological analysis. Bennington, VAAT: Vermont Academy of Arts and Sciences LV(I), 2020; (1): p.1-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339936638.
2. Salute MD. Nuovo Coronavirus. Roma, I: Governo-Repubblica Italiana, 2020. http://www.salute.gov.it/nuovocoronavirus. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
3. De Rio C, Malani PN. Novel Coronavirus-Important Information for Clinicians. JAMA, 2020; 323(11): 1039-40. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1490.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Q&A on coronaviruses, 2020. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
5. Salute MD. Covid-19 - Situazione in Italia. Roma, I: Governo-Repubblica Italiana, 2020. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioContenutiNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=5351&area=nuovoCoronavirus&menu=vuoto. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
6. World Health Organization (WHO). Rolling Updates on Coronavirus Disaesa (COVİD-19), 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation, 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2020).
8. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye’deki güncel durum: Türkiye genel koronavirüs tablosu, 2020. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2020).
9. Bosely S, Quoting Professor G Leung (Hong Kong). Coronavirus ‘could infect 60% of global population if unchecked’. The Guardian, 2020 Feb 11. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/11/coronavirus-expert-warns-infection-could-reach-60-of-worlds-population. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020).
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings, 2020. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fhcp%2Finfection-control.html). (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
11. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus, 2020. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Who is at risk for severe disease from COVID-19?, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
13. Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 2020; 41(2): 145-51. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003.
14. Kam KQ, Yung CF, Cui L, et al. A Well Infant with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with High Viral Load. Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Feb 28. pii: ciaa201. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa201. [Epub ahead of print].
15. Wei M, Yuan J, Liu Y, Fu T, Yu X, Zhang ZJ. Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA, 2020 Feb 14. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2131. [Epub ahead of print].
16. Chen F, Liu ZS, Zhang FR, et al. First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2020 Feb 11; 58(0): E005. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.0005. [Epub ahead of print].
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What Healthcare Personnel Should Know about Caring for Patients with Confirmed or Possible COVID-19 Infection, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/caring-for-patients.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020).
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). How Coronavirus Spreads, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 28.03.2020).
19. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020 Feb 28: p.1-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. [Epub ahead of print].
20. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet,2020; 395(10223): 497-506. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
21. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan. JAMA,2020; 323(11): 1061-69. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
22. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok K, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A Study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 2020; 395(10223): 514-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9.
23. Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382: 929-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.
24. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet , 2020; 395(10223): 507-13. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
25. Hoehl S, Berger A, Kortenbusch M, et al. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Returning Travelers from Wuhan, China. New England Journal of Medicine. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382 (13): 1278-80. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001899.
26. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(13): 1199-207. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
27. Chen W, Lan Y, Yuan X, et al. Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2020; 9(1): 469-73. DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1732837.
28. Chang D, Minggui L, Wei L, et al. Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan China. JAMA, 2020; 323(11):1092-93. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1623.
29. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(8): 727-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
30. Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, et al. Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med, 2020 ;382(9): 872-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001272.
31. Lei J, Li J, Li X, Qi X. CT Imaging of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia. Radiology, 2020; 295(1): 18. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200236.020 Feb 20: 200463. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200463. [Epub ahead of print].
33. Xu X, Yu C, Qu J, et al. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2020 Feb 28. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04735-9. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, et al. Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. J Infect, 2020; 80(4): 388-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.016.
35. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology; 2020 Feb 26: 200642. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642. [Epub ahead of print].
36. Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020; 20: 425–34. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4.
37. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(12): 1177-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737.
38. Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, et al. Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2020; 9(1): 386-9. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071.
39. Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, et al. Singapore 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Research Team. Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA, 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3204. [Epub ahead of print].
40. Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhu S, et al. Isolation of 2019-nCoV from a Stool Specimen of a Laboratory-Confirmed Case of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J]. China CDC Weekly, 2020; 2(8): 123-4.
41. Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Gou D. Evaluation of coronavirus tears and conjunctival secretions of patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol, 2020: p.1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25725.
42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Highlights of CDC’s Response, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html#anchor_1582494216224. (Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2020).
43. Yu L, Wu S, Hao X, et.al. Rapid colorimetric detection of COVID-19 coronavirus using a reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic platform: iLACO. MedRxiv, 2020 February 24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.20.20025874. [Epub ahead of print].
44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluating and Testing Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-criteria.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2020).
45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2020).
46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Information for Clinicians on Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 29.03.2020).
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49. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nature Communıcatıon, 2020; 11(1): 222. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6.
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51. Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Mar 9. pii: ciaa237. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa237. [Epub ahead of print].
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57. Li J for Quartz. China is being accused of mistreating coronavirus nurses for propaganda, 2020. https://qz.com/1804040/chinas-coverage-of-coronavirus-nurses-provokes-backlash/. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2020).

Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Derlemeler
Yazarlar	Hatice Demirağ 0000-0002-2393-563X Sevilay Hintistan 0000-0002-5907-5723
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2020 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Demirağ, H., & Hintistan, S. (2020). Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 222-231. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.727393
AMA	Demirağ H, Hintistan S. Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Haziran 2020;9(2):222-231. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.727393
Chicago	Demirağ, Hatice, ve Sevilay Hintistan. “Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi Ve Hemşirelik”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Haziran 2020): 222-31. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.727393.
EndNote	Demirağ H, Hintistan S (01 Haziran 2020) Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2 222–231.
IEEE	H. Demirağ ve S. Hintistan, “Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 222–231, 2020, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.727393.
ISNAD	Demirağ, Hatice - Hintistan, Sevilay. “Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi Ve Hemşirelik”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2 (Haziran 2020), 222-231. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.727393.
JAMA	Demirağ H, Hintistan S. Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;9:222–231.
MLA	Demirağ, Hatice ve Sevilay Hintistan. “Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi Ve Hemşirelik”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 222-31, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.727393.
Vancouver	Demirağ H, Hintistan S. Covid-19’un Klinik Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;9(2):222-31.