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Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 958 - 966, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052

Öz

This research was carried out to determine nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture and organizational commitment levels, as well as to show the relationship between these two variables.
In this descriptive and correlational study, data were collected between May and June 2018 with the participation of 299 nurses working in a public hospital. Turkish versions of surveys titled Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Organizational Commitment Scale were used in order to collect data. The data collected was summed using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Pearson correlation in comparing categorical data between groups were benefitted in comparative analyses.
Nurses’ perception of patient safety culture was at a level that needed improvement (Total average percentage of positive responses 54%). The standards of organizational commitments of the participants were found to be high (4.09±0.85). The association between nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture and their organizational commitment degrees (r=0.41) were found statistically significant (p≤0.01). As the level of patient safety culture of nurses increases their level of commitment to their institutions also increases.
The patient safety culture level of nurses is below the desired level and needs to be improved.. Enhancing the safety culture in hospitals will improve their organizational commitment.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2000). “To Err is Human: Building a Safety Health System”. Washington D.C. National Academy Press. Erişim adresi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25077248/ (Erişim tarihi: 26.08. 2021).
  • 2. World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). “Patient Safety”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2021).
  • 3. Ammouri, A.A, Tailakh, A.K, Muliira, J.K, Geethakrishnan, R. and Al Kindi, S.N. (2015). “Patient Safety Culture Among Nurses”. Int Nurs Review, 62, 102-110. doi: 10.1111/inr.12159
  • 4. International Counsil of Nursing (ICN). (2019). “New Patient Safety Report Profiles and Recognises Importance of Safe Nurse Staffing to Patient Safety”. Erişim adresi: https://www.icn.ch/news/new-patient-safety-report-profiles-and-recognises-importance-safe-nurse-staffing-patient. (Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2021).
  • 5. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). (2019). “Safety Culture”. Erişim adresi: https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/culture-safety. Erişim tarihi: 20.009.2021.
  • 6. Sorra, J, Gray, L, Streagle, S, Famoloro, T, Yount, N. and Behm, J. (2018). “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture: User’s Guide”. AHRQ Publication No. 15-0049-EF, Rockville, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Erişim adresi: https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/hospital/userguide/ hospitalusersguide.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2021).
  • 7. Mert, İ.S, Bekmezci, M. and Eroğluer, K. (2019). “The Impact of Informal Communication on Organizational Commitment”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-Gifder). 7 (1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.425887
  • 8. Mowday, R.T, Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W. (1979). “The Measurement of Organizational Commitment”. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 14 (2), 224-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
  • 9. Janes, G, Mills, T, Budworth, L, Johnson, J. and Lawton, R. (2021). “The association between health care staff engagement and patient safety outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of patient safety, 17 (3), 207-216.
  • 10. Alsabri, M, Boudi, Z, Lauque, D, Dias, R.D, Whelan, J.S, Östlundh, L.M, Alinier G, Onyeji C, Michel, P, Liu, S, Camargo, C, Lindner, T, Slagman, A, Bater, D, Tazarourte, K, Siger, S.J, Toussi, A, Grossman, S. and Bellou, A. (2022). “Impact of teamwork and communication training interventions on safety culture and patient safety in emergency departments: a systematic review”. Journal of Patient Safety, 18 (1), e351-e361.
  • 11. Migowski, E.R, Oliveira Júnior, N, Riegel, F. and Migowski, S.A. (2018). “Interpersonal relationships and safety culture in Brazilian health care organisations”. Journal of Nursing Management, 26 (7), 851-857.
  • 12. Noviyanti, W, Ahsan, A. and Sudartya, T.S. (2021). “Exploring the relationship between nurses’ communication satisfaction and patient safety culture”. Journal of Public Health Research, 10 (2225).
  • 13. Bodur, S. and Filiz, E. (2010). “Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Perception of Patient Safety in Public Hospitals in Turkey”. BMC Health Services Research, 10 (1), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-28.
  • 14. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1991). “A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment”. Human Resource Management Review (HRMR), 1 (1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  • 15. Wasti, S.A. (2000). “Meyer ve Allen’in Üç Boyutlu Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Analizi”. Proceedings of the 8th National Management and Organization Congress, 401-410.
  • 16. Pronovost, P.J, Weast, B, Bishop, K, Paine, L, Griffith, R, Rosenstein, B.J, Kidwell R.P, Haller K.B. and Davis R. (2004). “Senior executive adopt-a-work unit: a model for safety improvement”. Jt Comm J Qual Saf, 30, 59-68.
  • 17. Azyabi, A, Karwowski, W. and Davahli, M.R. (2021). “Assessing Patient Safety Culture in Hospital Settings”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2466), 1-36. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052466.
  • 18. Bahrami, M.A, Chalak, M, Montazeralfaraj, R. and Dehghani Tafti, A. (2014). “Iranian Nurses’ Perception of Patient Safety Culture”. Iran Red Crescent Med Journal, 16 (4), e11894. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.11894
  • 19. Tabrizchi, N.and Sedaghat, M. (2012). “The first study of patient safety culture in Iranian primary health centers”. Acta Medica Iranica, 50 (7), 505-510.
  • 20. Ramos, R.R. and Calidgid, C.C. (2018). “Patient Safety Culture Among Nurses at a Tertiary Government Hospital in the Philippines”. Appl Nurs Res, 44, 67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.09.007
  • 21. Eiras, M, Escoval, A, Grillo, I.M. and Silva-Fortes, C. (2014). “The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture in Portuguese Hospitals: Instrument Validity and Reliability”. Int. Journal Health Care Qual. Assur, 27, 111-122. doi: 10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2012-0072
  • 22. Günes, Ü.Y, Gürlek, O. and Sönmez, M.A. (2016). “Survey of the Patient Safety Culture of Hospital Nurses in Turkey”. Colegian, 23, 225–232. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2015.02.005
  • 23. Nekoei‐Moghadam, M, Raadabadi, M. and Heidarijamebozorgi, M. (2020). “Patient safety culture in university hospital's emergency departments: A case study”. The International journal of health planning and management, 35 (4), 852-858.
  • 24. Aiken, L.H, Cerón, C, Simonetti, M, Lake, E.T, Galiano, A, Garbarini, A. and Smith, H.L. (2018). “Hospital nurse staffing and patient outcomes”. Revista Médica Clínica las Condes, 29 (3), 322-327.
  • 25. Kim, K.J, Yoo, M.S. and Seo, E.J. (2018). “Exploring the influence of nursing work environment and patient safety culture on missed nursing care in Korea”. Asian nursing research, 12 (2), 121-126.
  • 26. Top, M. (2012). “Hekim ve Hemşirelerde Örgütsel Bağlılık, Örgütsel Güven ve İş Doyumu Profili”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (2), 258 – 277.
  • 27. İntepeler, S, Güneş, N, Bengü, N. and Yılmazmış, F. (2014). “Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin İş Doyumu ve Kurumsal Bağlılıklarındaki Değişim”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 7 (1), 2-6.
  • 28. İntepeler, S, Esrefgil, G, Yilmazmis, F, Bengu, N, Gunes, D.N, Ileri, S. and Dirik, H.F. (2019). “Role of Job Satisfaction and Work Environment on The Organizational Commitment of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Contemporary nurse. 55 (4-5), 380-390.
  • 29. Lotfi, Z, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F, Mohtashami, J. and Nasiri, M. (2018). “Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Organizational Commitment of Nurses With Perception of Patient Safety Culture”. Journal Nurs Management, 26, 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12607
  • 30. Brubakk, K, Svendsen, M.V, Deilkas, E.T, Hofoss, D, Barach, P. and Tjomsland, O. (2021). “Hospital Work Environments Affect The Patient Safety Climate: A longitudinal follow-up using a logistic regression analysis model”. PLoS one. 16 (10), e0258471. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258471
  • 31. Hortwitz, K.S. and Hortwitz, I.B. (2017). “The Effects of Organizational Commitment and Structural Empowerment on Patient Safety Culture: An Analysis of a Physician Cohort”. Journal of Health Organization and Management (JHOM). 31 (1), 10-27. doi:10.1108/JHOM-07-2016-0150
  • 32. Harsul, W, Irvan, A.M. and Sjattar, E.L. (2018). “Relationship of Organizational Commitment With Patient Safety Incident Report Culture”. Journal Ilmu Keperawatan (JIK), 6 (2), 165-170.
  • 33. Hwang, H. and Lee, Y.M. (2017). “Effects of Professional Automony, Organizational Commitment, and Perceived Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Management Activities of Nurses in Medium and Small-Sized Hospitals”. Journal Korean Crit Care Nurs, 10 (1), 63-74.

Hemşirelerin Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü Algıları ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 958 - 966, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052

Öz

Bu araştırma, hemşirelerin hasta güvenliği kültürü algılarını ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeylerini belirlemek ve bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel tipte olan bu çalışmada veriler, bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan 299 hemşirenin katılımıyla Mayıs-Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Veri toplamak için Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü Hastane Anketi ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler frekans, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada Pearson korelasyon testi kullanıldı
Hemşirelerin hasta güvenliği kültürü algıları geliştirilmesi gereken düzeydeydi (Olumlu yanıtların toplam ortalama yüzdesi: %54). Katılımcıların örgütsel bağlılık ortalamaları yüksek bulunmuştur (4.09±0.85). Hemşirelerin hasta güvenliği kültürü algıları ile örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (r=0.41, p≤0.01). Hemşirelerin hasta güvenliği kültürü düzeyi arttıkça kurumlarına bağlılık düzeyleri de artmaktadır.
Hemşirelerin hasta güvenliği kültür düzeyi istenilenin altındadır ve geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Hastanelerde güvenlik kültürünün güçlendirilmesi hemşirelerin kurumsal bağlılıklarını artıracaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2000). “To Err is Human: Building a Safety Health System”. Washington D.C. National Academy Press. Erişim adresi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25077248/ (Erişim tarihi: 26.08. 2021).
  • 2. World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). “Patient Safety”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2021).
  • 3. Ammouri, A.A, Tailakh, A.K, Muliira, J.K, Geethakrishnan, R. and Al Kindi, S.N. (2015). “Patient Safety Culture Among Nurses”. Int Nurs Review, 62, 102-110. doi: 10.1111/inr.12159
  • 4. International Counsil of Nursing (ICN). (2019). “New Patient Safety Report Profiles and Recognises Importance of Safe Nurse Staffing to Patient Safety”. Erişim adresi: https://www.icn.ch/news/new-patient-safety-report-profiles-and-recognises-importance-safe-nurse-staffing-patient. (Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2021).
  • 5. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). (2019). “Safety Culture”. Erişim adresi: https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/culture-safety. Erişim tarihi: 20.009.2021.
  • 6. Sorra, J, Gray, L, Streagle, S, Famoloro, T, Yount, N. and Behm, J. (2018). “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture: User’s Guide”. AHRQ Publication No. 15-0049-EF, Rockville, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Erişim adresi: https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/hospital/userguide/ hospitalusersguide.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2021).
  • 7. Mert, İ.S, Bekmezci, M. and Eroğluer, K. (2019). “The Impact of Informal Communication on Organizational Commitment”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-Gifder). 7 (1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.425887
  • 8. Mowday, R.T, Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W. (1979). “The Measurement of Organizational Commitment”. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 14 (2), 224-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
  • 9. Janes, G, Mills, T, Budworth, L, Johnson, J. and Lawton, R. (2021). “The association between health care staff engagement and patient safety outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of patient safety, 17 (3), 207-216.
  • 10. Alsabri, M, Boudi, Z, Lauque, D, Dias, R.D, Whelan, J.S, Östlundh, L.M, Alinier G, Onyeji C, Michel, P, Liu, S, Camargo, C, Lindner, T, Slagman, A, Bater, D, Tazarourte, K, Siger, S.J, Toussi, A, Grossman, S. and Bellou, A. (2022). “Impact of teamwork and communication training interventions on safety culture and patient safety in emergency departments: a systematic review”. Journal of Patient Safety, 18 (1), e351-e361.
  • 11. Migowski, E.R, Oliveira Júnior, N, Riegel, F. and Migowski, S.A. (2018). “Interpersonal relationships and safety culture in Brazilian health care organisations”. Journal of Nursing Management, 26 (7), 851-857.
  • 12. Noviyanti, W, Ahsan, A. and Sudartya, T.S. (2021). “Exploring the relationship between nurses’ communication satisfaction and patient safety culture”. Journal of Public Health Research, 10 (2225).
  • 13. Bodur, S. and Filiz, E. (2010). “Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Perception of Patient Safety in Public Hospitals in Turkey”. BMC Health Services Research, 10 (1), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-28.
  • 14. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1991). “A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment”. Human Resource Management Review (HRMR), 1 (1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  • 15. Wasti, S.A. (2000). “Meyer ve Allen’in Üç Boyutlu Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Analizi”. Proceedings of the 8th National Management and Organization Congress, 401-410.
  • 16. Pronovost, P.J, Weast, B, Bishop, K, Paine, L, Griffith, R, Rosenstein, B.J, Kidwell R.P, Haller K.B. and Davis R. (2004). “Senior executive adopt-a-work unit: a model for safety improvement”. Jt Comm J Qual Saf, 30, 59-68.
  • 17. Azyabi, A, Karwowski, W. and Davahli, M.R. (2021). “Assessing Patient Safety Culture in Hospital Settings”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2466), 1-36. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052466.
  • 18. Bahrami, M.A, Chalak, M, Montazeralfaraj, R. and Dehghani Tafti, A. (2014). “Iranian Nurses’ Perception of Patient Safety Culture”. Iran Red Crescent Med Journal, 16 (4), e11894. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.11894
  • 19. Tabrizchi, N.and Sedaghat, M. (2012). “The first study of patient safety culture in Iranian primary health centers”. Acta Medica Iranica, 50 (7), 505-510.
  • 20. Ramos, R.R. and Calidgid, C.C. (2018). “Patient Safety Culture Among Nurses at a Tertiary Government Hospital in the Philippines”. Appl Nurs Res, 44, 67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.09.007
  • 21. Eiras, M, Escoval, A, Grillo, I.M. and Silva-Fortes, C. (2014). “The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture in Portuguese Hospitals: Instrument Validity and Reliability”. Int. Journal Health Care Qual. Assur, 27, 111-122. doi: 10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2012-0072
  • 22. Günes, Ü.Y, Gürlek, O. and Sönmez, M.A. (2016). “Survey of the Patient Safety Culture of Hospital Nurses in Turkey”. Colegian, 23, 225–232. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2015.02.005
  • 23. Nekoei‐Moghadam, M, Raadabadi, M. and Heidarijamebozorgi, M. (2020). “Patient safety culture in university hospital's emergency departments: A case study”. The International journal of health planning and management, 35 (4), 852-858.
  • 24. Aiken, L.H, Cerón, C, Simonetti, M, Lake, E.T, Galiano, A, Garbarini, A. and Smith, H.L. (2018). “Hospital nurse staffing and patient outcomes”. Revista Médica Clínica las Condes, 29 (3), 322-327.
  • 25. Kim, K.J, Yoo, M.S. and Seo, E.J. (2018). “Exploring the influence of nursing work environment and patient safety culture on missed nursing care in Korea”. Asian nursing research, 12 (2), 121-126.
  • 26. Top, M. (2012). “Hekim ve Hemşirelerde Örgütsel Bağlılık, Örgütsel Güven ve İş Doyumu Profili”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (2), 258 – 277.
  • 27. İntepeler, S, Güneş, N, Bengü, N. and Yılmazmış, F. (2014). “Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin İş Doyumu ve Kurumsal Bağlılıklarındaki Değişim”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 7 (1), 2-6.
  • 28. İntepeler, S, Esrefgil, G, Yilmazmis, F, Bengu, N, Gunes, D.N, Ileri, S. and Dirik, H.F. (2019). “Role of Job Satisfaction and Work Environment on The Organizational Commitment of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Contemporary nurse. 55 (4-5), 380-390.
  • 29. Lotfi, Z, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F, Mohtashami, J. and Nasiri, M. (2018). “Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Organizational Commitment of Nurses With Perception of Patient Safety Culture”. Journal Nurs Management, 26, 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12607
  • 30. Brubakk, K, Svendsen, M.V, Deilkas, E.T, Hofoss, D, Barach, P. and Tjomsland, O. (2021). “Hospital Work Environments Affect The Patient Safety Climate: A longitudinal follow-up using a logistic regression analysis model”. PLoS one. 16 (10), e0258471. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258471
  • 31. Hortwitz, K.S. and Hortwitz, I.B. (2017). “The Effects of Organizational Commitment and Structural Empowerment on Patient Safety Culture: An Analysis of a Physician Cohort”. Journal of Health Organization and Management (JHOM). 31 (1), 10-27. doi:10.1108/JHOM-07-2016-0150
  • 32. Harsul, W, Irvan, A.M. and Sjattar, E.L. (2018). “Relationship of Organizational Commitment With Patient Safety Incident Report Culture”. Journal Ilmu Keperawatan (JIK), 6 (2), 165-170.
  • 33. Hwang, H. and Lee, Y.M. (2017). “Effects of Professional Automony, Organizational Commitment, and Perceived Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Management Activities of Nurses in Medium and Small-Sized Hospitals”. Journal Korean Crit Care Nurs, 10 (1), 63-74.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zülfiye Tosun Öztürkci 0000-0002-6711-6791

Emel Filiz 0000-0003-1040-7843

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tosun Öztürkci, Z., & Filiz, E. (2023). Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 958-966. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052
AMA Tosun Öztürkci Z, Filiz E. Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Eylül 2023;12(3):958-966. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052
Chicago Tosun Öztürkci, Zülfiye, ve Emel Filiz. “Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 3 (Eylül 2023): 958-66. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052.
EndNote Tosun Öztürkci Z, Filiz E (01 Eylül 2023) Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 958–966.
IEEE Z. Tosun Öztürkci ve E. Filiz, “Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 3, ss. 958–966, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052.
ISNAD Tosun Öztürkci, Zülfiye - Filiz, Emel. “Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (Eylül 2023), 958-966. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052.
JAMA Tosun Öztürkci Z, Filiz E. Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:958–966.
MLA Tosun Öztürkci, Zülfiye ve Emel Filiz. “Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 958-66, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1225052.
Vancouver Tosun Öztürkci Z, Filiz E. Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Evaluation of Organizational Commitment Level. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(3):958-66.