Sporda Beslenme ile Nutrigenetik ve Nutrigenomik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1987 - 1996, 26.12.2023
Sedat Kahya
,
Gürkan Diker
,
Raif Zileli
Öz
Çalışma, beslenmenin nutrigenetik ve nutrigenomik bakımından sporcularda oluşturduğu etkileri incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. İnternet veri tabanlarına kayıtlı alana özgü çalışmalar incelenmiş ve özetlenmiştir. Omiks teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler sonucunda bireyselleştirilmiş diyet yaklaşımları ve beslenme stratejileri, önemli uygulamalar hâline gelmiştir. Bu alanlardan biri olan sporda beslenme, sporcuların sağlıklarını korumak ve performanslarını artırmak için anahtar role sahip bir beslenme türüdür. Bu amaçla makro ve mikro besin maddeleri, sporcu beslenmesinde önemlidir.
Sporcu beslenmesi üzerinde etkili olabilecek içsel-dışsal birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörlerden biri olan genetik, sporcu beslenmesinde dikkate alınması gereken önemli bir husustur. Sportif performans, besin maddelerinin metabolizmadaki etkinliği ile bu maddelerinin insan genomundaki ekspresyon seviyesi ile ilgili bir durum olabilir. Bu amaçla nutrigenetik ve nutrigenomik kavramları, sporcu performansı açısından dikkate alınması gereken konulardır. Çalışmada, nutrigenetik ve nutrigenomik kavramlarının teorikte aynı ama içerikte bazı farklılıklara sahip olabildikleri sonucu görülmüştür.
Sonuç olarak, sportif performans yalnız besin maddelerinin sporcu genomundaki metabolizmal faaliyetleri ile ilgili bir durum olmayabilir. Sportif performansı etkileme gücüne sahip içsel-dışsal birçok faktör bulunmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- 1. Özmert, E.N. (2005). “Erken Çocukluk Gelişiminin Desteklenmesi-I: Beslenme”. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 48, 179-195.
- 2. Aktaş, N. ve Özdoğan, Y. (2016). “Gıda ve Beslenme Okuryazarlığı”. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (2), 146-153.
- 3. Pekcan, A.G. (2019). “Sürdürülebilir Beslenme ve Beslenme Örüntüsü: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Beslenme”. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47 (2), 1-10. https://doi: 10.33076/2019.BDD.126
- 4. Terzi, M. ve Ersoy, G. (2022). “Sürdürülebilir Beslenme Sporcular için Sürdürülebilir mi?” Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4 (1), 21-31. https://doi: 10.52272/srad.1073827
- 5. Süel, E, Şahin, İ, Karakaya, M.A. ve Savucu, Y. (2006). “Elit Seviyedeki Basketbolcuların Beslenme Bilgi ve Alışkanlıkları”. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (4), 271-275.
- 6. Yılgın, A. ve Konokman, G.B. (2023). “Kadın Sporcularda Beslenme ve Kadın Sporcu Üçlemesi”. Ulus Kinesiyoloji Dergisi, 4 (1), 29-37. https://doi:10.5281/zenodo.8003809
- 7. Duru, Ö. ve Sencar, G. (2022). “Epigenetik ve Nutrigenetik Besin / Gen İlişkisi”. S. P. KARA (Ed.). Sağlık Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar- IV (s. 73). İstanbul: Net Kırtasiye Tanıtım ve Matbaa.
- 8. Köksal, O. (1975). “Spor ve Beslenme”. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 4 (1), 57-74.
- 9. Serón-Arbeloa, C, Labarta-Monzón, L, Puzo-Foncillas, J, Mallor-Bonet, T, Lafita-López, A, Bueno-Vidales, N. and Montoro-Huguet, M. (2022). “Malnutrition Screening and Assessment”. Nutrients, 14 (12), 2-30.
- 10. Ersoy, G. (2016). “Fiziksel Uygunluk (Fitnes) Spor ve Beslenme ile İlgili Temel Öğretiler”. Ankara: Göktuğ Ofset.
- 11. McArdle, S, Meade, M.M. and Burrows, E. (2018). “Service Providers' Attitudes Toward Athletes With Eating Disorders”. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of The Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 28 (1), 51–55.
- 12. Grout, A, McClave, S.A, Jampolis, M.B, Krueger, K.J, Hurt, R.T, Landes, S. and Kiraly, L. (2016). “Basic Principles of Sports Nutrition”. Current Nutrition Reports, 5, 213-222.
- 13. Jeukendrup, A.E. (2017). “Periodized Nutrition for Athletes.” Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(1), 51–63.
- 14. Burke, L.M. and King, C. (2012). “Ramadan Fasting and the Goals of Sports Nutrition Around Exercise”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30 (l), 21-31.
- 15. Burke, L.M, Loucks, A.B. and Broad, N. (2006). “Energy and Carbohydrate for Training and Recovery”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24 (7), 675-85.
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- 17. Özdemir, G. (2010). “Spor Dallarına Göre Beslenme”. Spormetre, 8 (1), 1-6.
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- 22. Kahya, S. (2023). “Sporda Damar Mekanizmasını Etkileyen Genetik Faktörler: Geleneksel Derleme”. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (2), 331-40. https://doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-94433
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- 24. Fariz, B. and Bülent, Ü.B. (2016). “The Investigation of Effect of Balance and Strength Exercises on Knee Proprioception in Young Adolescents”. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50 (1), 78, https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.136
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- 26. Ertaş, Y. ve Şanlıer, N. (2014). “Beslenme ve Metabolomikler”. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 42 (1), 52-58.
- 27. Sekar, P, Ventura, E.F, Dhanapal, A.T, Cheah, E.S, Loganathan, A, Quen, P.L. and Appukutty, M. (2023). “Gene–Diet Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Southeast Asian Populations: A Systematic Review”. Nutrients, 15 (13), 2-29. https://doi: 10.3390/nu15132948
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Investigation of the Relationship between Nutrition in Sports and Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1987 - 1996, 26.12.2023
Sedat Kahya
,
Gürkan Diker
,
Raif Zileli
Öz
The study was conducted to examine the effects of nutrition in terms of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics in athletes. Field-specific studies registered in internet databases were examined and summarized. As a result of the developments in omics technologies, individualized diet approaches and nutrition strategies have become important applications. Nutrition in sports, which is one of these areas, is a type of nutrition that has a key role to protect the health of athletes and increase their performance. For this purpose, macro and micro nutrients are important in sports nutrition.
There are many internal and external factors that can have an effect on sports nutrition. Genetics, one of these factors, is an important issue to be considered in sports nutrition. Sports performance may be related to the effectiveness of nutrients in metabolism and the level of expression of these substances in the human genome. For this purpose, the concepts of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics should be considered in terms of athlete performance. In the study, it was concluded that the concepts of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics may have the same theoretically but some differences in content.
As a result, sports performance may not only be related to the metabolic activities of nutrients in the athlete's genome. There are many internal and external factors that have the power to affect sporty performance.
Kaynakça
- 1. Özmert, E.N. (2005). “Erken Çocukluk Gelişiminin Desteklenmesi-I: Beslenme”. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 48, 179-195.
- 2. Aktaş, N. ve Özdoğan, Y. (2016). “Gıda ve Beslenme Okuryazarlığı”. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (2), 146-153.
- 3. Pekcan, A.G. (2019). “Sürdürülebilir Beslenme ve Beslenme Örüntüsü: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Beslenme”. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47 (2), 1-10. https://doi: 10.33076/2019.BDD.126
- 4. Terzi, M. ve Ersoy, G. (2022). “Sürdürülebilir Beslenme Sporcular için Sürdürülebilir mi?” Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4 (1), 21-31. https://doi: 10.52272/srad.1073827
- 5. Süel, E, Şahin, İ, Karakaya, M.A. ve Savucu, Y. (2006). “Elit Seviyedeki Basketbolcuların Beslenme Bilgi ve Alışkanlıkları”. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (4), 271-275.
- 6. Yılgın, A. ve Konokman, G.B. (2023). “Kadın Sporcularda Beslenme ve Kadın Sporcu Üçlemesi”. Ulus Kinesiyoloji Dergisi, 4 (1), 29-37. https://doi:10.5281/zenodo.8003809
- 7. Duru, Ö. ve Sencar, G. (2022). “Epigenetik ve Nutrigenetik Besin / Gen İlişkisi”. S. P. KARA (Ed.). Sağlık Bilimleri Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar- IV (s. 73). İstanbul: Net Kırtasiye Tanıtım ve Matbaa.
- 8. Köksal, O. (1975). “Spor ve Beslenme”. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 4 (1), 57-74.
- 9. Serón-Arbeloa, C, Labarta-Monzón, L, Puzo-Foncillas, J, Mallor-Bonet, T, Lafita-López, A, Bueno-Vidales, N. and Montoro-Huguet, M. (2022). “Malnutrition Screening and Assessment”. Nutrients, 14 (12), 2-30.
- 10. Ersoy, G. (2016). “Fiziksel Uygunluk (Fitnes) Spor ve Beslenme ile İlgili Temel Öğretiler”. Ankara: Göktuğ Ofset.
- 11. McArdle, S, Meade, M.M. and Burrows, E. (2018). “Service Providers' Attitudes Toward Athletes With Eating Disorders”. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of The Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 28 (1), 51–55.
- 12. Grout, A, McClave, S.A, Jampolis, M.B, Krueger, K.J, Hurt, R.T, Landes, S. and Kiraly, L. (2016). “Basic Principles of Sports Nutrition”. Current Nutrition Reports, 5, 213-222.
- 13. Jeukendrup, A.E. (2017). “Periodized Nutrition for Athletes.” Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(1), 51–63.
- 14. Burke, L.M. and King, C. (2012). “Ramadan Fasting and the Goals of Sports Nutrition Around Exercise”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30 (l), 21-31.
- 15. Burke, L.M, Loucks, A.B. and Broad, N. (2006). “Energy and Carbohydrate for Training and Recovery”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24 (7), 675-85.
- 16. Ravindra, P.V, Janhavi, P, Divyashree, S. and Muthukumar, S.P. (2022). “Nutritional Interventions for Improving the Endurance Performance in Athletes”. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 128 (4), 851-858. https:// doi: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1733025
- 17. Özdemir, G. (2010). “Spor Dallarına Göre Beslenme”. Spormetre, 8 (1), 1-6.
- 18. Guest, N.S, Horne, J, Vanderhout, S.M. and El-Sohemy, A. (2019). “Sport Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Athletic Performance”. Frontiers Nutrition, 6 (8), 1-16. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00008
- 19. Lippi, G, Longo, U.G. and Maffulli, N. (2010). “Genetics and Sports”. British Medical Bulletin, 93, 27-47. https://doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldp007
- 20. Mıyamoto-Mıkamı, E. and Fuku, N. (2020). “Genetics and Genomics in Sports”. Juntendo Medical Journal, 66 (1), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.14789/jmj.2020.66.JMJ19-P12
- 21. Wei, Q. (2021). “ACE and ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms and Genetic Traits of Rowing Athletes in the Northern Han Chinese Population”. Frontiers Genetics, 12, 1-12. https://doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.736876
- 22. Kahya, S. (2023). “Sporda Damar Mekanizmasını Etkileyen Genetik Faktörler: Geleneksel Derleme”. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (2), 331-40. https://doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2022-94433
- 23. Drozdovska, S.B, Dosenko, V.E, Ahmetov, I.I. and Ilyin, V.N. (2013). “The Association of Gene Polymorphisms with Athlete Status in Ukrainians”. Biology of Sport, 30 (3), 163-7. https://doi: 10.5604/20831862.1059168
- 24. Fariz, B. and Bülent, Ü.B. (2016). “The Investigation of Effect of Balance and Strength Exercises on Knee Proprioception in Young Adolescents”. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50 (1), 78, https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.136
- 25. Semenova, E.A, Zempo, H, Miyamoto-Mikami, E, Kumagai, H, Larin, A.K, Sultanov, R.I. and Babalyan, K.A. (2022). “Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies CDKN1A as a Novel Locus Associated with Muscle Fiber Composition”. Cells, 11 (23), 2-14. https://doi: 10.3390/cells11233910
- 26. Ertaş, Y. ve Şanlıer, N. (2014). “Beslenme ve Metabolomikler”. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 42 (1), 52-58.
- 27. Sekar, P, Ventura, E.F, Dhanapal, A.T, Cheah, E.S, Loganathan, A, Quen, P.L. and Appukutty, M. (2023). “Gene–Diet Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Southeast Asian Populations: A Systematic Review”. Nutrients, 15 (13), 2-29. https://doi: 10.3390/nu15132948
- 28. Kargün, K. (2022). “Nurigenetik ve Nutrigenomik Yaklaşım.” A. GÜLER (Ed.). Güncel Araştırmalar ve Yeni Eğilimler 4 (206-226). Cetinje-Montenegro: Ivpe.
- 29. Şengün, N. ve Pala, R. (2021). “Ergojenik Desteklerin Nutrigenomik ve Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri”. G. HERGÜNER, Ç. YAMAN, H. GÜMÜŞDAĞ. ve A.S. YÜCEL (Ed.). Spor ve Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Yaklaşımlar (118). İstanbul: Güven Plus.
- 30. Çetin, B. ve Aktaş, H. (2023). “Gıda ve Genom İnteraksiyonu: Beslenme Genomiği”. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13 (1), 362-374. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1188508
- 31. Mutch, D.M, Wahli, W. and Gary, W. (2005). “Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics: The Emerging Faces of Nutrition”. The FASEB Journal, 19 (12), 1581-1760. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.05-3911rev
- 32. Ordovas, J.M. and Mooser, V. (2004). “Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics”. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 15 (2), 101-108. https://doi: 10.1097/01.mol.0000124521.75650.dd
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