The Analysis of the Effects of Interval Training Program on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Slalom and Giant Slalom Athletes

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 506 - 513, 27.03.2024

Buket Sevindik Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1411397

Öz

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of interval training on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of elite-level athletes in slalom and giant slalom disciplines. The study consisted of thirteen male athletes in the alpine skiing discipline (slalom-giant slalom). The heights of the athletes were measured with a stadiometer with a precision of ±1mm (Holtain, UK). Weight measurements were conducted using a Tanita brand body composition analyzer (BC, 418 Tanita, Japan) with a precision of 100 grams. For aerobic power and capacity testing, a breath-by-breath measurement method was employed using the Cosmed K5 portable gas analysis system (Italy). The MaxVO2 protocol was performed on a cycle ergometer, and the anaerobic power and capacity test were conducted using the Wingate method. Aerobic/anaerobic power values of athletes were measured twice, before and after a 4-week interval training program. An Independent Samples T-Test was used to identify differences between pre-test and post-test values of athletes. Significant relationships were found between pre-test and post-test values of MaxVO2, peak power, average power, and power drop percentage for slalom and giant slalom athletes subjected to interval training (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in peak power attainment time and lowest power between pre-test and post-test values for other parameters (p>0.05). In conclusion, interval training was observed to increase body muscle mass, reduce body fat percentage, and enhance aerobic and anaerobic capacity in slalom and giant slalom athletes. Including interval training in the content of athletes' training programs when creating annual training plans is considered to positively influence aerobic and anaerobic performance using the interval training method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alpine Skiing, Aerobic/Anaerobic Performance, Interval Training

Slalom ve Büyük Slalom Sporcularına Uygulanan İnterval Antrenman Programının Aerobik ve Anaerobik Performans Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmada slalom ve büyük slalom branşlarındaki elit düzeyde yer alan sporculara yaptırılan interval antrenmanın aerobik ve anaerobik performans üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya alp disiplini (slalom-büyük slalom) branşları kapsamında 13 erkek sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Sporcuların boyları ±1mm hassasiyetindeki (Holtain, UK) stadiometre ile ölçülmüştür. Sporcuların ağırlıkları ölçümü, BKI değerlerinin ölçümü Tanita marka (BC, 418 Tanita, Japan) 100 gram hassaslığındaki vücut kompozisyon analizörü ile yapılmıştır. Sporcuların aerobik güç ve kapasite testi için, ölçümlerde breath-by-breath (nefesden nefese otomatik portable gaz analiz sistemi Cosmed K5, İtalya) kullanılmıştır. MaxVO2 protokolu bisiklet ergometresinde gerçekleştirilmiş olup, anaerobik güç ve kapasite testi ise Wingate ile yapılmıştır. Sporcuların aerobik/anaerobik güç değerleri 4 haftalık interval antrenman programı öncesi ve sonrasında olmak üzere iki kez ölçülmüştür. Sporcuların ön test ve son test değerleri arasındaki farklılığı bulmak için T-Testi (İndependent Samples T-Test) kullanılmıştır. Slalom ve büyük slalom sporcularına uygulanan interval antrenmanlarının ön test ve son test değerleri MaxVO2, zirve güç, ortalama güç, güç düşüş yüzdesi arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Diğer parametrelerde zirve güce ulaşma süresi ve en düşük güç ön test son testlerinde anlamlı bir değişim gözlemlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak interval antrenmanın slalom ve büyük slalom sporcularında bireylerde vücut kas kütlesini artırarak vücut yağ yüzdesinin azalttığı ayrıca aerobik ve anaerobik kapasiteyi artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yıllık antrenman planlaması oluşturulurken sporcuların antrenmanlarının içeriğinde interval antrenmanlarına da yer verilmesi, interval antrenman metodu ile aerobik ve anaerobik performanslarını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alp Disiplini, Aerobik/Anaerobik Performans, İnterval Antrenman

Kaynakça

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