Riskli Gebelerin Algıladığı Stres ve Eş Desteği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1212 - 1222, 26.09.2024

Nazlı Baltacı , Ayşe Metin

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1320098

Öz

Bu araştırma, riskli gebelerin algıladığı stres ve eş desteği düzeylerini ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan araştırma, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir hastanenin kadın doğum kliniklerinde yatan 253 gebe ile yapılmıştır. Veriler “Gebe Tanıtım Formu”, “Neuman Sistemler Modeline Temellenen Riskli Gebeliklerde Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (NSMt-RGASÖ)” ve "Gebelikte Eş Desteği Algısı Ölçeği (GEDAÖ)" ile toplanmıştır. Veriler “tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Tukey HSD testi ve pearson korelasyon analizi” ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gebelerin NSMt-RGASÖ toplam puan ortalaması 62,57±10,13 ve GEDAÖ toplam puan ortalaması 35,20±9,31 olarak bulundu. Gebelerin eşi ile ilişkisi, gebelik planı, daha önce hastane yatışı, gebelikte bakım ve doğuma hazırlık eğitimi alması durumu ile NSMt-RGASÖ puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p<0,05). Gebelerin tıbbi tanısı, daha önce hastane yatışı, gebelikte bakım ve doğuma hazırlık eğitimi alması durumu ile GEDAÖ puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p<0,05). Gebelerin NSMt-RGASÖ toplamı ve “fizyolojik alan” alt boyutu ile GEDAÖ’nün “bilişsel destek” alt boyutu arasında zayıf düzeylerde negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki belirlendi (sırasıyla p=0,043, p=0,023). Gebelerin algıladığı stresin ve gebelikte algıladıkları eş desteğinin düşük düzeylerde olduğu; gebelik sürecinde algıladıkları eş desteği arttıkça algıladıkları stresin azaldığı ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eş desteği, Riskli gebelik, Sosyal destek, Stres

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya katılan tüm gebe kadınlara teşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Perceived Stress and Spousal Support of Women with Risky Pregnancy

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the perceived stress and spousal support levels of women with risky pregnancy and the relationship between these. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 253 pregnant women hospitalized in the obstetrics clinics of a hospital in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. The data were collected with “Pregnant Information Form”, “Perceived Stress in Risky Pregnancies Scale based on the Neuman Systems Model (NSMb-PSRPS)” and “Perception of Spousal Support in Pregnancy Scale (PSSPS)”. The data were evaluated with “descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way variance analysis, Tukey HSD test and Pearson Correlation Analysis”. NSMb-PSRPS total mean score of pregnant women was found as 62.57±10.13, while their PSSPS total mean score was found as 35.20±9.31. Statistically significant difference was found between pregnant women’s NSMb-PSRPS scores and their relationship with their spouses, pregnancy plan, previous hospitalization, the state of receiving care and preparation education for delivery during pregnancy (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between pregnant women’s PSSPS scores and their medical diagnosis, previous hospitalization and the state of receiving care and preparation education for delivery during pregnancy (p<0.05). Weak negative correlation was found between NSMb-PSRPS total mean score of pregnant women and “physiological domain” factor and “cognitive support” factor of PSSPS (p=0.043, p=0.023, respectively). It was found that pregnant women had low levels of perceived stress and low levels of perceived spousal stress in pregnancy and the stress they perceived decreased as their perceived spousal support during pregnancy increased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Risky pregnancy, Social support, Spousal support, Stress

Kaynakça

• 1. Baltacı, N. ve Başer, M. (2020). “Riskli Gebelerde Yaşanan Anksiyete, Prenatal Bağlanma ve Hemşirenin Rolü”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 13 (3), 206-212. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.565338.
• 2. Ölçer, Z. ve Oskay, Ü. (2015). “Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Yaşadığı Stresörler ve Stresle Baş Etme Yöntemleri”. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 12 (2), 85-92.
• 3. Şanlı, Y., Dinçer, Y., Oskay, Ü. ve Bulduk, S. (2018). “Yüksek Riskli Gebelik Yaşayan Kadınlarda Ortaya Çıkan Stresörler ve Baş Etme Yöntemleri: Niteliksel Bir Çalışma”. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 27 (5), 333-342.
• 4. Gözüyeşil, E. ve Ariöz, D.A. (2021). “Prenatal Distress and the Contributing Factors in High-Risk Pregnant Women”. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 18 (2), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.5152/jern.2021.16870.
• 5. Mete, S., Fata, S. and Özberk, H. (2020). “Comparison of Stress Levels in Risky and Non-Risky Pregnancies”. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 6 (3), 554-560. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2020.93898.
• 6. Atasever, İ. ve Çelik, A.S. (2018). “Prenatal Stresin Ana-Çocuk Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi”. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 21 (1), 60-68.
• 7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2015). “Screening for Perinatal Depression”. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 125 (630), 1268-1271.
• 8. Backström, C., Ttorstensson, S. and Martensson, L.B. (2017). “To Be Able to Support Her, I Must Feel Calm and Safe: Pregnant Women’s Partners Perceptions of Professional Support During Pregnancy”. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17 (1), 234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1411-8.
• 9. Hopkins, J., Miller, J.L., Butler, K., Gibson, L., Hedrick, L. and Boyle, D.A. (2018). “The Relation Between Social Support, Anxiety and Distress Symptoms and Maternal Fetal Attachment”. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 36 (4), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1466385.
• 10. Asenhed, L., Kilstram, J., Alehagen, S. and Baggens. C. (2014). “Becoming a father is a emotional roller coaster an analysis of first time father’s blogs”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23 (9-10), 1309-1317. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12355.
• 11. Cincioğlu, E., Durat, G., Öztürk, S. ve Akbaş, H. (2022). “Riskli Gebeliklerde Gebelerin Ruhsal Durumları ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Biçimleri”. Sağlık ve Toplum, 3, 148-157.
• 12. Yanık, D. ve Özcanarslan, F. (2019). “Riskli Gebelerde Algılanan Sosyal Destek ile Stresle Başetme Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki”. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (3), 96-104.
• 13. Yurdakul, M., Aydın Beşen, M. ve Alıcı, D. (2020). “Gebelikte Eş Desteği Algısı Ölçeği’nin (GEDAÖ) Geliştirilmesi: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışmaları”. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 17 (3), 258-266. https://doi.org/10.5222/HEAD.2020.83713.
• 14. Cheng, E.R., Rifas-Shiman, S.L. and Perkins, M.E. (2016) “The İnfluence of Antenatal Partner Support on Pregnancy Outcomes”. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 25 (7), 67267-67269. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5462.
• 15. Gul, B., Riyaz, M.A., Batool, N., Yasmin, H. and Riaz, M.N. (2018). “Social Support and Health Related Quality of Life Among Pregnant Women”. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (6), 872-875.
• 16. Suto, M., Takehare, K., Yamane, Y. and Ota, E. (2017) “Effects of Prenatal Childbirth Education for Parterns of Pregnant Women on Paternal Postnatal Mental Health and Couple Relationship: A Systematic Review”. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.025.
• 17. Tokhi, M., Comrie-Thomson, L., Davis, J., Portela, A., Chersich, M. and Luchters, S. (2018). “Involving Men to İmprove Maternal and Newborn Health: A Systematic Review of The Effectiveness of Interventions”. PLoS One, 13 (1), e0191620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191620.
• 18. Metin, A. and Kulakaç, Ö. (2023). “Perceived Stress in Risky Pregnancy: A Scale Development Study”. Journal of Nursology, 26 (1), 67-75.
• 19. Özbek, Z. and Beydağ, K.D. (2021). “Yüksek Riskli Gebelerde Eş Desteği ve Gebelik Stresi Arasındaki İlişki”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (2), 144-155.
• 20. Ding, X., Liang, M., Wu, Y., Zhao, T., Qu, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Han, T., Ma, S. and Sun, Y. (2021). “The Impact of Prenatal Stressful Life Events on Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, 287, 406-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.083.
• 21. Koendjbiharie, A.P., Hindori-Mohangoo, A.D., Zijlmans, W.C. W.R., Shankar, A., Abdoel Wahid, F.Z., Covert, H.H., Lichtveld, M.Y. and Drury, S.S. (2022). “Sociodemographic Influences on Perceived Stress during Pregnancy: Results from the CCREOH Environmental Epidemiologic Study, Suriname”. Women, 2 (2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.3390/women2020014
• 22. McLeod, C., Ebeling, M.D., Baatz, J.E., Shary, J.R., Mulligan, J.R. and Wagner, C.L. (2022). “Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Perceived Stress During Pregnancy and the Association with Immune-Mediator Concentrations”. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 50 (2), 192-199. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2021-0227.
• 23. Maloni, J.A. (2010). “Antepartum Bed Rest for Pregnancy Complications: Efficacy and Safety for Preventing Preterm Birth”. Biological Research for Nursing, 12 (2), 106-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800410375978.
• 24. Kücükkaya, B. and Basgöl, Ş. (2023). “The Effect of Perceived Spousal Support on Childbirth Self-Efficacy on Pregnant Women in Turkey”. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05508-6
• 25. Metin, A. and Pasinlioğlu, T. (2016). “The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Prenatal Attachment in Pregnant Women”. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal and Child Health, 5, 49-49.
• 26. Yüksekal, Z. and Yurdakul, M. (2021). “Gebelerin Eş Desteği Algıları ve İlişkili Faktörler”. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 15 (4), 800-808. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.971774
• 27. Kumar, S.A., Brock, R.L. and DiLillo, D. (2022). Partner Support and Connection Protect Couples During Pregnancy: A Daily Diary Investigation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 84 (2), 494-514. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12798.
• 28. Rosand, G.M.B., Slinning, K., Eberhard-Gran, M., Røysamb, E. and Tambs, K. (2011). “Partner Relationship Satisfaction and Maternal Emotional Distress in Early Pregnancy”. BMC Public Health, 11, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-161.
• 29. Mirzakhani, K., Khadivzadeh, T., Faridhosseini, F., & Ebadi, A. (2020). Pregnant Women's Experiences of the Conditions Affecting Marital Well-Being in High-Risk Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study. International journal of community based nursing and midwifery, 8(4), 345–357. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.85666.1285
• 30. Bedaso, A., Adams, J., Peng, W. and Sibbritt, D. (2021). “The Relationship Between Social Support and Mental Health Problems During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Reproductive Health, 28, 18 (1), 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5.
• 31. Monterrosa-Castro, Á., Romero-Martínez, S. and Monterrosa-Blanco, A. (2023). “Positive Maternal Mental Health in Pregnant Women and its Association with Obstetric and Psychosocial Factors”. BMC Public Health, 23 (1), 1013. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15904-4.