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Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1897 - 1906, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325

Öz

The aim of this study is to gather specific data concerning smoking, elucidate the reasons behind individuals' initiation and cessation of smoking, explore strategies for preventing smoking initiation, and understand how to provide support for individuals who desire to quit. A cross-sectional study was conducted via face-to-face surveys on 309 individuals selected through systematic sampling among 5880 individuals aged 15 and over registered at a family health center in the Kayapınar district of Diyarbakır province in Türkiye between December 2016 and January 2017. The study found that 30.4% of the participants were current smokers, while 14.6% were quitters. Approximately 92% of the participants supported the law banning tobacco use in enclosed spaces. It was determined that before the age of 18, 78% of individuals tried smoking for the first time, and 47.5% of them started smoking regularly. The most common reasons for starting smoking were cited as peer influence, curiosity, and emulation. 66.3% of the participants indicated their support for a government-imposed complete ban, while 65% of smokers stated that they would quit smoking if such a prohibition were in place. The study identified a high prevalence of smoking in the region, and smoking initiation occurs at young ages. A notable proportion of smoking participants expressed a desire to quit; however, there appears to be a lack of support for those seeking to quit.

Etik Beyan

Informed consent was obtained from the participants for the research, and ethical approval was obtained from the Dicle University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee for Non-interventional Studies. (Date/Number: 07.10.2016/312)

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2023). “Tobacco: Fact sheet.” https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco/ (Accessed 10 January 2024)
  • 2. World Health Organization. (2008). “WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package.” https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241596282 (Accessed 15 January 2024)
  • 3. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Sustainable Development. (2015). “The 17 Goals. Targets And Indicators.” https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3#targets_and_indicators (Accessed 8 January 2024)
  • 4. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2014). “Global Adult Tobacco Survey Turkey 2012.” Public Health Institution of Turkey, 948, Ankara. https://havanikoru.saglik.gov.tr/havanikoru/dosya/dokumanlar/yayinlar/GATS-2012-ENG-25-07-2014.pdf (Accessed 25 December 2023)
  • 5. Eriksen, M, Mackay, J, Schluger, N, Gomeshtapeh, F and Drope, J. (2015). “The tobacco atlas 5-th edition.” Atlanta, Georgia, USA: American Cancer Society.
  • 6. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2023). “Ülkemizdeki Tütün Kontrol Çalışmaları.” Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. https://havanikoru.saglik.gov.tr/tuetuen-hakkinda/uelkemizdeki-tuetuen-kontrol-calismalari.html (Accessed 2 January 2024)
  • 7. Bilir, N. (2016). “Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and Turkey:An Example of Success.” Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi, 4(1), 7-12.
  • 8. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2010). “Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2008 Turkey Report.” Ankara: Ministry of Health. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/2008-gats-country-report-turkey (Accessed 22 September 2023)
  • 9. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2023).” Health Statistics Yearbook 2021.” General Directorate of Health Information Systems, Ministry of Health, Ankara. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/45317/0/siy2021-ingilizcepdf.pdf (Accessed 15 February 2024)
  • 10. World Health Organization. (2016). “Global Adult Tobacco Survey Fact Sheet Turkey.” https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/2016-gats-fact-sheet-turkey (Accessed 12 January 2024)
  • 11. Üner, S., Balcilar, M., & Ergüder, T. (Eds.). (2018). “National Household Health Survey – Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factorsin Turkey 2017 (STEPS).” Kopenhag: World Health Organization.
  • 12. Turkish Statistical Institute. (2023). “Turkey Health Survey 2022.” Turkish Statistical Institute. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747&dil=2 (Accessed 18 January 2024)
  • 13. Bildik, H. N., Bilgin, E., Demirdöğen, E., Yıldız, E., Aslan, D. ve Yalçın, S. (2008). “Çocuklar sigara dumanından pasif etkilenim açısından risk altında mı?: Bir ilköğretim okulu deneyimi.” Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 51(3), 147-152.
  • 14. Cobanoglu, N, Kiper, N, Dilber, E, Gurcan, N, Gocmen, A, Ozcelik, U, et al. (2007). “Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory morbidity in children.” Inhalation toxicology, 19(9), 779-785. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701402085
  • 15. Shahab, L., & West, R. (2010). “Public support in England for a total ban on the sale of tobacco products.” Tobacco Control, 19(2), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.033415
  • 16. Wang, M. P., Wang, X., Lam, T. H., Viswanath, K., & Chan, S. S. (2015). “The tobacco endgame in Hong Kong: public support for a total ban on tobacco sales.” Tobacco control, 24(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051092
  • 17. World Health Organization. (2016). “Codebook of Global Adult Tobacco Survey Turkey.” https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/872/related-materials (Accessed 10 January 2024)
  • 18. Baykan, Z. and Naçar, M. (2014). “Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin sigara kullanımı ve tütün kanununa ilişkin görüşleri.” Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 41(3), 483-490.
  • 19. Yilmazel, G, Çetinkaya, F. ve Naçar, M. (2014). “Fabrika işçilerinin sigara kullanma alışkanlıkları ve sigara bırakma konusundaki düşünceleri.” Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 41(4), 717-723.
  • 20. World Health Organization. (2020). “World No Tobacco Day Tobacco Fact Sheet 2020.” https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/campaigns-and-initiatives/world-no-tobacco-day-2020/wntd-tobacco-fact-sheet.pdf (Accessed 5 January 2024)
  • 21. World Health Organization. (2023). “Tobacco Fact Sheet Quitting Tobacco.” https://www.who.int/activities/quitting-tobacco (Accessed 12 Februray 2024)
  • 22. Wang, R, Shenfan, L, Song, Y, Wang, Q, Zhang, R, Kuai, L and Li, B. (2023). “Smoking relapse reasons among current smokers with previous cessation experience in Shanghai: A cross-sectional study.” Tobacco Induced Diseases, 21(July),96. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/167963
  • 23. Twyman, L., Bonevski, B., Paul, C., & Bryant, J. (2014). “Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature.” BMJ open, 4(12), e006414. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006414 24. Milcarz, K., Polańska, K., Balwicki, Ł., Makowiec-Dąbrowska, T., Hanke, W., Bąk-Romaniszyn, L., & Kaleta, D. (2019). Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01377

Sigara Kullanımını Önleme Stratejileri: Başlama ve Bırakma Nedenlerinin Tespiti ile Müdahale Yöntemleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1897 - 1906, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara içme konusunda belirli verileri toplamak, sigaraya başlama ve bırakma nedenlerini açıklamak, sigara içmeye başlamayı önleme ve sigarayı bırakmak isteyenlere destek sağlama yollarını araştırmaktır. Kesitsel nitelikte olan bu çalışmada, Aralık 2016 ile Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında, Diyarbakır ilinin Kayapınar ilçesinde bulunan bir aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı 15 yaş ve üzeri olan 5880 kişiden sistematik örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 309 kişiye yüzyüze anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcıların %30,4'ünün sigara içen, %14,6'sının ise sigarayı bırakan kişilerden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların yaklaşık %92'si, kapalı alanlarda tütün kullanımını yasaklayan yasayı desteklemiştir. Katılımcıların %78'inin ilk kez 18 yaşından önce sigarayı denediği ve %47,5'inin yine bu yaşlarda düzenli olarak sigara içmeye başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Sigaraya başlama nedenlerinin en yaygın olanları arkadaş etkisi, merak ve özenti olarak belirtilmiştir. Katılımcıların %66,3'ü, devlet tarafından tütün ürünlerine uygulanacak tam bir yasağa destek vereceklerini belirtirken, sigara içenlerin %65'i böyle bir yasağın olması durumunda sigarayı bırakacaklarını ifade etmiştir. Çalışma, bölgede yüksek sigara kullanım prevelansını ve sigara içmeye genç yaşlarda başlandığını göstermektedir. Sigara içen katılımcıların önemli bir kısmı sigarayı bırakmak istediğini dile getirmekte iken, bırakmak isteyenlere destek sağlanmasında eksiklik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2023). “Tobacco: Fact sheet.” https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco/ (Accessed 10 January 2024)
  • 2. World Health Organization. (2008). “WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package.” https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241596282 (Accessed 15 January 2024)
  • 3. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Sustainable Development. (2015). “The 17 Goals. Targets And Indicators.” https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3#targets_and_indicators (Accessed 8 January 2024)
  • 4. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2014). “Global Adult Tobacco Survey Turkey 2012.” Public Health Institution of Turkey, 948, Ankara. https://havanikoru.saglik.gov.tr/havanikoru/dosya/dokumanlar/yayinlar/GATS-2012-ENG-25-07-2014.pdf (Accessed 25 December 2023)
  • 5. Eriksen, M, Mackay, J, Schluger, N, Gomeshtapeh, F and Drope, J. (2015). “The tobacco atlas 5-th edition.” Atlanta, Georgia, USA: American Cancer Society.
  • 6. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2023). “Ülkemizdeki Tütün Kontrol Çalışmaları.” Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. https://havanikoru.saglik.gov.tr/tuetuen-hakkinda/uelkemizdeki-tuetuen-kontrol-calismalari.html (Accessed 2 January 2024)
  • 7. Bilir, N. (2016). “Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and Turkey:An Example of Success.” Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi, 4(1), 7-12.
  • 8. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2010). “Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2008 Turkey Report.” Ankara: Ministry of Health. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/2008-gats-country-report-turkey (Accessed 22 September 2023)
  • 9. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2023).” Health Statistics Yearbook 2021.” General Directorate of Health Information Systems, Ministry of Health, Ankara. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/45317/0/siy2021-ingilizcepdf.pdf (Accessed 15 February 2024)
  • 10. World Health Organization. (2016). “Global Adult Tobacco Survey Fact Sheet Turkey.” https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/2016-gats-fact-sheet-turkey (Accessed 12 January 2024)
  • 11. Üner, S., Balcilar, M., & Ergüder, T. (Eds.). (2018). “National Household Health Survey – Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factorsin Turkey 2017 (STEPS).” Kopenhag: World Health Organization.
  • 12. Turkish Statistical Institute. (2023). “Turkey Health Survey 2022.” Turkish Statistical Institute. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747&dil=2 (Accessed 18 January 2024)
  • 13. Bildik, H. N., Bilgin, E., Demirdöğen, E., Yıldız, E., Aslan, D. ve Yalçın, S. (2008). “Çocuklar sigara dumanından pasif etkilenim açısından risk altında mı?: Bir ilköğretim okulu deneyimi.” Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 51(3), 147-152.
  • 14. Cobanoglu, N, Kiper, N, Dilber, E, Gurcan, N, Gocmen, A, Ozcelik, U, et al. (2007). “Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory morbidity in children.” Inhalation toxicology, 19(9), 779-785. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701402085
  • 15. Shahab, L., & West, R. (2010). “Public support in England for a total ban on the sale of tobacco products.” Tobacco Control, 19(2), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.033415
  • 16. Wang, M. P., Wang, X., Lam, T. H., Viswanath, K., & Chan, S. S. (2015). “The tobacco endgame in Hong Kong: public support for a total ban on tobacco sales.” Tobacco control, 24(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051092
  • 17. World Health Organization. (2016). “Codebook of Global Adult Tobacco Survey Turkey.” https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/872/related-materials (Accessed 10 January 2024)
  • 18. Baykan, Z. and Naçar, M. (2014). “Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin sigara kullanımı ve tütün kanununa ilişkin görüşleri.” Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 41(3), 483-490.
  • 19. Yilmazel, G, Çetinkaya, F. ve Naçar, M. (2014). “Fabrika işçilerinin sigara kullanma alışkanlıkları ve sigara bırakma konusundaki düşünceleri.” Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 41(4), 717-723.
  • 20. World Health Organization. (2020). “World No Tobacco Day Tobacco Fact Sheet 2020.” https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/campaigns-and-initiatives/world-no-tobacco-day-2020/wntd-tobacco-fact-sheet.pdf (Accessed 5 January 2024)
  • 21. World Health Organization. (2023). “Tobacco Fact Sheet Quitting Tobacco.” https://www.who.int/activities/quitting-tobacco (Accessed 12 Februray 2024)
  • 22. Wang, R, Shenfan, L, Song, Y, Wang, Q, Zhang, R, Kuai, L and Li, B. (2023). “Smoking relapse reasons among current smokers with previous cessation experience in Shanghai: A cross-sectional study.” Tobacco Induced Diseases, 21(July),96. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/167963
  • 23. Twyman, L., Bonevski, B., Paul, C., & Bryant, J. (2014). “Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature.” BMJ open, 4(12), e006414. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006414 24. Milcarz, K., Polańska, K., Balwicki, Ł., Makowiec-Dąbrowska, T., Hanke, W., Bąk-Romaniszyn, L., & Kaleta, D. (2019). Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01377
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetleri, Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Nuri Gördük 0000-0001-6475-7983

Günay Saka 0000-0001-9478-5491

Selçuk Kolsuz 0000-0003-4514-8845

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Gördük, M. N., Saka, G., & Kolsuz, S. (2024). Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(4), 1897-1906. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325
AMA Gördük MN, Saka G, Kolsuz S. Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Aralık 2024;13(4):1897-1906. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325
Chicago Gördük, Mehmet Nuri, Günay Saka, ve Selçuk Kolsuz. “Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13, sy. 4 (Aralık 2024): 1897-1906. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325.
EndNote Gördük MN, Saka G, Kolsuz S (01 Aralık 2024) Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13 4 1897–1906.
IEEE M. N. Gördük, G. Saka, ve S. Kolsuz, “Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 4, ss. 1897–1906, 2024, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325.
ISNAD Gördük, Mehmet Nuri vd. “Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13/4 (Aralık 2024), 1897-1906. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325.
JAMA Gördük MN, Saka G, Kolsuz S. Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13:1897–1906.
MLA Gördük, Mehmet Nuri vd. “Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 4, 2024, ss. 1897-06, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1508325.
Vancouver Gördük MN, Saka G, Kolsuz S. Smoking Prevention Strategies: Identifying Initiation and Cessation Reasons and Intervention Methods. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13(4):1897-906.