Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 32 - 40, 23.03.2025

Onur Seçgin Nişancı , Birsen Özyurt , Murat Uysal

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to anatomically examine the fractures of the humerus, radius and ulna, which have a significant admission rate in emergency departments, and to explain the relationship between different fracture parameters. The anatomical distribution of humerus, radius and ulna fractures in 239 patients who presented to xxx University Hospital between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively investigated. Participants were between the ages of 18-64 years and were diagnosed with a fracture in only one bone. It has been found that fractures are more common in men and in the 18-44 age group (p<0.01). While falls are the most common cause of radius fractures, humerus fractures occur more frequently as a result of traffic accidents (p<0.01) While distal fractures were more common in the radius, coprus fractures were more common in the humerus (p<0.01). Surgical intervention was high in the treatment of humeral fractures, but lower in radius fractures (p<0.01). Surgical intervention was found to be more frequent in the treatment of corpus fractures, while surgical intervention was found to be less frequent in distal fractures (p<0.01). The distribution of upper extremity fractures of the humerus, radius and ulna in the emergency department varies according to sex, age group, type of trauma, surgical intervention and anatomical localisation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fracture Upper Extremity Emergency Department Anatomy

Etik Beyan

Yok

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Çevik C. ve Tekir Ö. (2014). “Acil Servis Başvurularinin Tani Kodlari, Triyaj Ve Sosyo-Demografik Açidan Değerlendirilmesi.” Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2), 102-107. https://doi: 10.5505/bsbd.2014.26349
  • 2. McLane, P, Barnabe, C, Mackey, L, Bill, L, Rittenbach, K, and Holroyd, B. R., (2022). “First Nations status and emergency department triage scores in Alberta: a retrospective cohort study.” CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal, 194(2), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.210779
  • 3. Kılıçaslan İ, Bozan H, Oktay C. ve Göksu E. (2005). “Türkiye’de acil servise başvuran hastaların demografik özellikleri.” Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 5 (1), 5-13.
  • 4. Karl, J. W, Olson, P. R, & Rosenwasser, M. P. (2015). “The Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Fractures in the United States, 2009.” Journal of orthopaedic trauma, 29 (8), 242–244. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000000312
  • 5. MacDermid, J. C., McClure, J. A., Richard, L., Faber, K. J., & Jaglal, S. (2021). “Fracture profiles of a 4-year cohort of 266,324 first incident upper extremity fractures from population health data in Ontario.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 22(1), 996. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04849-7
  • 6. Wenzinger, E., Rivera-Barrios, A., Gonzalez, G., & Herrera, F. (2019). “Trends in Upper Extremity Injuries Presenting to US Emergency Departments.” Hand (New York, N.Y.), 14(3), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558944717735943
  • 7. Kavak, N, Duman, E, Tıkman, M, and Yaman, A.S. (2021). “Evaluation of epidemiological characteristics of pelvic fractures.” Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory. 12(3), 249-254. https:// doi: 10.18663/tjcl.941517
  • 8. Tarğal, A, Haberal, B, Şeşen, H, ve Demirkale, İ. (2018). “Pediatrik Yaş Grubunda Acil Serviste 1 Yılda Tespit Edilen Ekstremite Kırıklarının Etiyoloji ve Epidemiyolojisi: 1878 Çocuk İle Çalışma.” Akademik Araştırma Tıp Dergisi, 2(2), 44-48
  • 9. Gül, D, and Akpancar, S. (2019). “Fractures in Geriatric Cases.” Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi. 2(1), 14-19.
  • 10. Baidwan, N. K, and Naranje, S. M. (2017). “Epidemiology and recent trends of geriatric fractures presenting to the emergency department for United States population from year 2004-2014.” Public health, 142, 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.10.018 11. Palvanen, M., Kannus, P., Parkkari, J., Pitkäjärvi, T., Pasanen, M., Vuori, I., and Järvinen, M. (2000). “The injury mechanisms of osteoporotic upper extremity fractures among older adults: a controlled study of 287 consecutive patients and their 108 controls.” Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(10):822-831. https://doi:10.1007/s001980070040
  • 12. Larsson, G., Axelsson, C., Hagiwara, M. A., Herlitz, J., Klementsson, H., Troëng, T., and Magnusson, C. (2024). “Epidemiology of patients assessed for trauma by Swedish ambulance services: a retrospective registry study.” BMC emergency medicine, 24(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00924-5
  • 13. Chung, K. C., & Spilson, S. V. (2001). “The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States.” The Journal of hand surgery, 26(5), 908–915. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2001.26322 14. Karzon, A. L., Nazzal, E. M., Cooke, H. L., Heo, K., Okonma, O., Worden, J., Hussain, Z., Chung, K. C., Gottschalk, M. B., & Wagner, E. R. (2024). “Upper Extremity Fractures in the Emergency Department: A Database Analysis of National Trends in the United States.” Hand (New York, N.Y.), 15589447231219286. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447231219286
  • 15. Alpaslan M. (2024). “Acil servise başvuran iki yaş altındaki travma vakalarının analizi ve radyolojik görüntüleme oranlarının değerlendirilmesi.” Maltepe tıp dergisi. 16(1), 15-20. https://doi: 10.35514/mtd.2024.105 16. Dağılma F. (2024). [Acil servise maksillofasiyal travma ile başvuran hastalarda FİSS skoru ile 30 günlük mortalite arasındaki ilişkinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi.] Uzmanlık Tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi. Bursa.
  • 17. Yamamoto, N., Someko, H., Tsuge, T., Nakashima, Y., & Nakao, S. (2024). “Prevalence of fracture progression in fragility fractures of the pelvis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Injury, 55(10), 111727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2024.111727 18. Farr, J. N., Melton, L. J., 3rd, Achenbach, S. J., Atkinson, E. J., Khosla, S., & Amin, S. (2017). “Fracture Incidence and Characteristics in Young Adults Aged 18 to 49 Years: A Population-Based Study.” Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 32(12), 2347–2354. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3228
  • 19. Kaya UB. (2019). [Acil Servise Üst Ekstremite Travmasıyla Başvuran Hastalarda Tanısal Olarak Ultrasonografinin Diğer Radyolojik Tetkikler İle Karşılaştırılması.] Uzmanlık Tezi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi. İstanbul 20. Andreasen, C., Dahl, C., Solberg, L. B., Borgen, T. T., Wisløff, T., Gjertsen, J. E, and Figved, W. (2024). “Epidemiology of forearm fractures in women and men in Norway 2008-2019.” Osteoporosis international. 35(4), 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6
  • 21. Soerensen, S., Larsen, P., Korup, L. R., Ceccotti, A. A., Larsen, M. B., Filtenborg, J. T., Weighert, K. P., & Elsoe, R. (2024). “Epidemiology of Distal Forearm Fracture: A Population-Based Study of 5426 Fractures.” Hand (New York, N.Y.), 19(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447221109967 22. Solaiman, R. H., Irfanullah, E., Navarro, S. M., Keil, E. J., Onizuka, N., Tompkins, M. A., & Harmon, J. V., Jr (2023). “Rising incidence of stair-related upper extremity fractures among older adults in the United States: a 10-year nationwide analysis.” Osteoporosis international. 34(7), 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-023-06769-9
  • 23. Dworkin, M., Harrison, W. J., Chidothi, P., Mbowuwa, F., Martin, C., Jr, Agarwal-Harding, K., & Chokotho, L. (2024). “Epidemiology and Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures at Four Public Hospitals in Malawi.” Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews, 8(4), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00282 24. Bercik, M. J., Tjoumakaris, F. P., Pepe, M., Tucker, B., Axelrad, A., Ong, A., & Austin, L. (2013). “Humerus fractures at a regional trauma center: an epidemiologic study.” Orthopedics, 36(7), 891–897. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20130624-19
  • 25. Rundgren, J., Bojan, A., Mellstrand Navarro, C., & Enocson, A. (2020). “Epidemiology, classification, treatment and mortality of distal radius fractures in adults: an observational study of 23,394 fractures from the national Swedish fracture register.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 21(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-3097-8
  • 26. Sagerfors, M., Jakobsson, H., Thórdardóttir, Á., Wretenberg, P., & Möller, M. (2022). “Distal radius fractures in the superelderly: an observational study of 8486 cases from the Swedish fracture register.” BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02825-x
  • 27. Alzobi, O. Z., Salman, L. A., Derbas, J., Abudalou, A., Hantouly, A. T., & Ahmed, G. (2023). “Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures in Qatar.” European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie, 33(7), 3119–3124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-023-03539-5
  • 28. Ghayyad, K., Beaudoin, T. F., Osbahr, D. C., Huffman, G. R., & Kachooei, A. R. (2024). “Trends in Epidemiology and Treatment of Humerus Fractures in the United States, 2017-2022.” Cureus, 16(8), e66936. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.66936
  • 29. Yıldız, R., & Özden, A. V. (2024). “The Effects Of Transcutaneous Aurıcular Vagus Nerve Stımulatıon On Nerve Conductıon Velocıty, Grıp Strength, Paın, And Upper Extremıty Functıonalıty In Indıvıduals Wıth Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.” Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 35(1), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1324406

Acil Servise Başvuran 18-64 Yaş Arası Bireylerde Humerus, Radius ve Ulna Kırıklarının Anatomik Olarak İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 32 - 40, 23.03.2025

Onur Seçgin Nişancı , Birsen Özyurt , Murat Uysal

Öz

Bu çalışma kapsamında acil servislerde önemli bir başvuru oranına sahip olan humerus, radius ve ulna kırıklarının anatomik olarak incelenmesi ve farklı kırık parametreleri arasındaki ilişkinin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır. 2012-2018 yılları arasında xxx Üniversitesi Hastanesi'ne başvuran 239 hastada humerus, radius ve ulna kırıklarının anatomik dağılımı retrospektif olarak incelendi. Katılımcılar 18-64 yaş arasındaydı ve sadece bir kemikte kırık tanısı konmuştu. Kırıkların erkeklerde ve 18-44 yaş grubunda daha yaygın olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Radius kırıklarının en sık nedeni düşmeler iken, humerus kırıkları daha çok trafik kazaları sonucu meydana gelmektedir (p<0.01) Radius'ta distal kırıklar daha sık görülürken, humerus'ta korpus kırıkları daha sık görülmektedir (p<0.01). Cerrahi müdahale humerus kırıklarının tedavisinde yüksek iken radius kırıklarında daha düşüktü (p<0.01). Korpus kırıklarının tedavisinde cerrahi müdahale daha sık iken, distal kırıklarda cerrahi müdahale daha az sıklıkta bulundu (p<0.01). Humerus, radius ve ulna üst ekstremite kırıklarının acil servisteki dağılımı cinsiyet, yaş grubu, travma tipi, cerrahi girişim ve anatomik lokalizasyona göre değişmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kırık Üst ekstremite Acil Servis Anatomi

Kaynakça

  • 1. Çevik C. ve Tekir Ö. (2014). “Acil Servis Başvurularinin Tani Kodlari, Triyaj Ve Sosyo-Demografik Açidan Değerlendirilmesi.” Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2), 102-107. https://doi: 10.5505/bsbd.2014.26349
  • 2. McLane, P, Barnabe, C, Mackey, L, Bill, L, Rittenbach, K, and Holroyd, B. R., (2022). “First Nations status and emergency department triage scores in Alberta: a retrospective cohort study.” CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal, 194(2), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.210779
  • 3. Kılıçaslan İ, Bozan H, Oktay C. ve Göksu E. (2005). “Türkiye’de acil servise başvuran hastaların demografik özellikleri.” Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 5 (1), 5-13.
  • 4. Karl, J. W, Olson, P. R, & Rosenwasser, M. P. (2015). “The Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Fractures in the United States, 2009.” Journal of orthopaedic trauma, 29 (8), 242–244. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000000312
  • 5. MacDermid, J. C., McClure, J. A., Richard, L., Faber, K. J., & Jaglal, S. (2021). “Fracture profiles of a 4-year cohort of 266,324 first incident upper extremity fractures from population health data in Ontario.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 22(1), 996. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04849-7
  • 6. Wenzinger, E., Rivera-Barrios, A., Gonzalez, G., & Herrera, F. (2019). “Trends in Upper Extremity Injuries Presenting to US Emergency Departments.” Hand (New York, N.Y.), 14(3), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558944717735943
  • 7. Kavak, N, Duman, E, Tıkman, M, and Yaman, A.S. (2021). “Evaluation of epidemiological characteristics of pelvic fractures.” Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory. 12(3), 249-254. https:// doi: 10.18663/tjcl.941517
  • 8. Tarğal, A, Haberal, B, Şeşen, H, ve Demirkale, İ. (2018). “Pediatrik Yaş Grubunda Acil Serviste 1 Yılda Tespit Edilen Ekstremite Kırıklarının Etiyoloji ve Epidemiyolojisi: 1878 Çocuk İle Çalışma.” Akademik Araştırma Tıp Dergisi, 2(2), 44-48
  • 9. Gül, D, and Akpancar, S. (2019). “Fractures in Geriatric Cases.” Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi. 2(1), 14-19.
  • 10. Baidwan, N. K, and Naranje, S. M. (2017). “Epidemiology and recent trends of geriatric fractures presenting to the emergency department for United States population from year 2004-2014.” Public health, 142, 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.10.018 11. Palvanen, M., Kannus, P., Parkkari, J., Pitkäjärvi, T., Pasanen, M., Vuori, I., and Järvinen, M. (2000). “The injury mechanisms of osteoporotic upper extremity fractures among older adults: a controlled study of 287 consecutive patients and their 108 controls.” Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(10):822-831. https://doi:10.1007/s001980070040
  • 12. Larsson, G., Axelsson, C., Hagiwara, M. A., Herlitz, J., Klementsson, H., Troëng, T., and Magnusson, C. (2024). “Epidemiology of patients assessed for trauma by Swedish ambulance services: a retrospective registry study.” BMC emergency medicine, 24(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00924-5
  • 13. Chung, K. C., & Spilson, S. V. (2001). “The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States.” The Journal of hand surgery, 26(5), 908–915. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2001.26322 14. Karzon, A. L., Nazzal, E. M., Cooke, H. L., Heo, K., Okonma, O., Worden, J., Hussain, Z., Chung, K. C., Gottschalk, M. B., & Wagner, E. R. (2024). “Upper Extremity Fractures in the Emergency Department: A Database Analysis of National Trends in the United States.” Hand (New York, N.Y.), 15589447231219286. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447231219286
  • 15. Alpaslan M. (2024). “Acil servise başvuran iki yaş altındaki travma vakalarının analizi ve radyolojik görüntüleme oranlarının değerlendirilmesi.” Maltepe tıp dergisi. 16(1), 15-20. https://doi: 10.35514/mtd.2024.105 16. Dağılma F. (2024). [Acil servise maksillofasiyal travma ile başvuran hastalarda FİSS skoru ile 30 günlük mortalite arasındaki ilişkinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi.] Uzmanlık Tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi. Bursa.
  • 17. Yamamoto, N., Someko, H., Tsuge, T., Nakashima, Y., & Nakao, S. (2024). “Prevalence of fracture progression in fragility fractures of the pelvis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Injury, 55(10), 111727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2024.111727 18. Farr, J. N., Melton, L. J., 3rd, Achenbach, S. J., Atkinson, E. J., Khosla, S., & Amin, S. (2017). “Fracture Incidence and Characteristics in Young Adults Aged 18 to 49 Years: A Population-Based Study.” Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 32(12), 2347–2354. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3228
  • 19. Kaya UB. (2019). [Acil Servise Üst Ekstremite Travmasıyla Başvuran Hastalarda Tanısal Olarak Ultrasonografinin Diğer Radyolojik Tetkikler İle Karşılaştırılması.] Uzmanlık Tezi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi. İstanbul 20. Andreasen, C., Dahl, C., Solberg, L. B., Borgen, T. T., Wisløff, T., Gjertsen, J. E, and Figved, W. (2024). “Epidemiology of forearm fractures in women and men in Norway 2008-2019.” Osteoporosis international. 35(4), 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-023-06990-6
  • 21. Soerensen, S., Larsen, P., Korup, L. R., Ceccotti, A. A., Larsen, M. B., Filtenborg, J. T., Weighert, K. P., & Elsoe, R. (2024). “Epidemiology of Distal Forearm Fracture: A Population-Based Study of 5426 Fractures.” Hand (New York, N.Y.), 19(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447221109967 22. Solaiman, R. H., Irfanullah, E., Navarro, S. M., Keil, E. J., Onizuka, N., Tompkins, M. A., & Harmon, J. V., Jr (2023). “Rising incidence of stair-related upper extremity fractures among older adults in the United States: a 10-year nationwide analysis.” Osteoporosis international. 34(7), 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-023-06769-9
  • 23. Dworkin, M., Harrison, W. J., Chidothi, P., Mbowuwa, F., Martin, C., Jr, Agarwal-Harding, K., & Chokotho, L. (2024). “Epidemiology and Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures at Four Public Hospitals in Malawi.” Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews, 8(4), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00282 24. Bercik, M. J., Tjoumakaris, F. P., Pepe, M., Tucker, B., Axelrad, A., Ong, A., & Austin, L. (2013). “Humerus fractures at a regional trauma center: an epidemiologic study.” Orthopedics, 36(7), 891–897. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20130624-19
  • 25. Rundgren, J., Bojan, A., Mellstrand Navarro, C., & Enocson, A. (2020). “Epidemiology, classification, treatment and mortality of distal radius fractures in adults: an observational study of 23,394 fractures from the national Swedish fracture register.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 21(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-3097-8
  • 26. Sagerfors, M., Jakobsson, H., Thórdardóttir, Á., Wretenberg, P., & Möller, M. (2022). “Distal radius fractures in the superelderly: an observational study of 8486 cases from the Swedish fracture register.” BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02825-x
  • 27. Alzobi, O. Z., Salman, L. A., Derbas, J., Abudalou, A., Hantouly, A. T., & Ahmed, G. (2023). “Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures in Qatar.” European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie, 33(7), 3119–3124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-023-03539-5
  • 28. Ghayyad, K., Beaudoin, T. F., Osbahr, D. C., Huffman, G. R., & Kachooei, A. R. (2024). “Trends in Epidemiology and Treatment of Humerus Fractures in the United States, 2017-2022.” Cureus, 16(8), e66936. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.66936
  • 29. Yıldız, R., & Özden, A. V. (2024). “The Effects Of Transcutaneous Aurıcular Vagus Nerve Stımulatıon On Nerve Conductıon Velocıty, Grıp Strength, Paın, And Upper Extremıty Functıonalıty In Indıvıduals Wıth Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.” Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 35(1), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1324406
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Acil Tıp
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Onur Seçgin Nişancı 0000-0003-3682-5795

Birsen Özyurt 0000-0002-7421-9246

Murat Uysal 0000-0003-0717-4428

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Nişancı, O. S., Özyurt, B., & Uysal, M. (2025). Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 32-40.
AMA Nişancı OS, Özyurt B, Uysal M. Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Mart 2025;14(1):32-40.
Chicago Nişancı, Onur Seçgin, Birsen Özyurt, ve Murat Uysal. “Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14, sy. 1 (Mart 2025): 32-40.
EndNote Nişancı OS, Özyurt B, Uysal M (01 Mart 2025) Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14 1 32–40.
IEEE O. S. Nişancı, B. Özyurt, ve M. Uysal, “Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 1, ss. 32–40, 2025.
ISNAD Nişancı, Onur Seçgin vd. “Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14/1 (Mart 2025), 32-40.
JAMA Nişancı OS, Özyurt B, Uysal M. Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14:32–40.
MLA Nişancı, Onur Seçgin vd. “Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 32-40.
Vancouver Nişancı OS, Özyurt B, Uysal M. Anatomical Examination of Humerus, Radius and Ulna Fractures in 18-64 Year Old Individuals Applying to the Emergency Department. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14(1):32-40.
 Kapak Resmi İndir