Turizmin Davetsiz Misafirleri: İstilacı Türler ve Ekosistem Sürdürülebilirliği Arasında Kırılgan Bir Denge

Öz

İstilacı yabancı türler (İYT), küresel biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı ve ekosistem bozulmasının başlıca nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, turizm faaliyetlerinin İYT’lerin yayılımındaki kritik rollerini dikkate alarak, turizm sektörü ile İYT’ler arasındaki etkileşimi ekolojik, sosyoekonomik ve yönetsel boyutlarıyla değerlendirmektedir. İYT’lerin; özellikle korunan alanlar ve adalar gibi kırılgan ekosistemlerde yol açtığı biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı, yönetim maliyetlerindeki artış, canlı ve çevre sağlığı ile insan refahı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri, turizm dâhil olmak üzere farklı sektörlerle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu ilişkinin kapsamlı biçimde anlaşılması, ilgili türlerin yönetimine yönelik politika ve uygulamaların geliştirilmesine önemli katkılar sağlayabilir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, İYT’lerin yayılımında turizm sektörünün üstlendiği rolleri ortaya koymakta; önleme, erken tespit, hızlı müdahale ve uzun vadeli kontrol stratejilerinin entegrasyonu gibi mevcut yönetim yaklaşımlarının turizm sektörüne uyarlanmasının, turizm kaynaklı yayılımın sınırlandırılması ve disiplinler arası politika entegrasyonunun güçlendirilmesi açısından taşıdığı önemi vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, İYT yayılımında turizmin rolüne ilişkin bilimsel temelli çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik İstila
• Ekosistem Yönetimi
• Ekoturizm
• İstilacı Yabancı Tür
• Sürdürülebilir Turizm

Uninvited Guests of Tourism: A Fragile Balance Between Invasive Species and Ecosystem Sustainability

Öz

Invasive alien species (IAS) are among the primary causes of global biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. This study evaluates the interaction between the tourism sector and IAS, considering the critical roles of tourism activities in the spread of IAS from ecological, socioeconomic, and management perspectives. The biodiversity loss caused by IAS, particularly in fragile ecosystems such as protected areas and islands, the increase in management costs, and their negative effects on wildlife, environmental health, and human well-being are directly related to various sectors, including tourism. A comprehensive understanding of this relationship can significantly inform the development of policies and practices for managing these species. In this context, the study reveals the roles played by the tourism sector in the spread of IAS; it emphasizes the importance of adapting existing management approaches, such as prevention, early detection, rapid response, and integration of long-term control strategies, to the tourism sector in terms of limiting tourism-related spread and strengthening interdisciplinary policy integration. Consequently, science-based solutions regarding the role of tourism in the spread of IASs are proposed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biological Invasion
• Ecosystem Management
• Ecotourism
• Invasive Alien Species
• Sustainable Tourism

Kaynakça

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