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Covid-19 Pandemisinin Turizme Etkisi Konusunda Yapılan Çalışmaların Carrot² Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, , 30 - 47, 27.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.794537

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19’ un turizme etkilerini yapılan çalışmalar çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir. 2020 yılının sonlarına doğru uluslararası turizm ekonomisinde %60-80 oranında bir azalmanın olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenle pandeminin etkilerini turizm özelinde incelemek önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışmada çevrimiçi görsel yazılım programı olan Carrot² kullanılmıştır. Bu program sayesinde toplam 150 adet bilimsel kaynağa ulaşılmıştır. Bu kaynaklar kümeleme analizi ile kategorilere ayrılmıştır. COVID-19 ve turizm etkisi terimlerinin yer aldığı çalışmalardan en büyük küme olarak “COVID-19’ un turizm endüstrisine etkisi (32)” bulunmuştur. Bulunan küme içindeki çalışmalardan pandeminin ülkelere ve turizmle ilişkili sektöre etkisi de incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak havayolu, kasino, kruvaziyer, otel, araba kiralama ve restoran endüstrilerinde büyük oranlarda gelir kayıpları yaşanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra seyahat kısıtlamaları uygulayan ülkelerde %43 ile %99 arasında değişen oranlarda ziyaretçi sayılarında ciddi düşüşler meydana gelmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgını ve turizm faaliyetlerine etkisi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 7-21.
  • Alpago, H. ve Alpago, D. O. (2020). Korona Virüs ve sosyoekonomik sonuçlar. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (8), 99-114.
  • Baker (2020). Chinese Hotels Seeing Steep Declines From Coronavirus. [URL: http://hotelnewsnow.com/Articles/300132/Chinese-hotels-seeing-steep-declines-from-coronavirus] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Balu, N. (2020). Norwegian Cruise Line swings to $1.88 bln loss on charges. [URL: https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/norwegian-cruise-line-swings-to-%241.88-bln-loss-on-charges-2020-05-14] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Cassavia, N., Dicosta, P., Masciari, E. ve Saccà, D. (2015). Improving Tourist Experience By Big Data Tools. International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS), 20-24 July 2015, Amsterdam, pp. 553-556.
  • Chokshi, N. (2020). Hertz, Car Rental Pioneer, Files for Bankruptcy Protection. The New York Times. [URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/22/business/hertz-bankruptcy-coronavirus-car-rental.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 09 Eylül 2020).
  • Coleman, J. (2020). Top Hawaii tourism official retiring amid coronavirus fallout [URL: https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/501123-top-hawaii-tourism-official-retiring-amid-coronavirus-fallout] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Costa Rica Tourism Board (2020). [URL: https://www.ict.go.cr/en/statistics/statistical-reports.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Croatian National Tourism Board (2020). [URL: https://www.htz.hr/en-GB/tourism-information/tourism-analysis/tourism-figures] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Dünya Turizm Örgütü (2020a). New Data Shows Impact Of Covıd-19 on Tourism as Unwto Calls for Responsible Restart of The Sector. [URL: https://www.unwto.org/news/new-data-shows-impact-of-COVID-19-on-tourism] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Dünya Turizm Örgütü (2020b). International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60 80 In 2020. [URL: https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2020). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports. [URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Girgin, E. (2019). Turizm Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Aydın.
  • Google Akademik (2020a). COVID-19 ve Turizm Etki. [URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=COVID-19+ve+turizm+etki+&btnG= ] (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Eylül 2020).
  • Google Akademik, (2020b). COVID-19 and Tourism Effects. [URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=covid19+and+tourism+effects&oq=COVID-19+and+tourism+eff] (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Eylül 2020).
  • Gürsu, E. (2020). Koronavirüs Pandemisi Sars-CoV-2 Virüsüne Genel Bakış. [URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341599760_Koronavirus_Pandemisi_ve_Sars-CoV-2_Virusune_Genel_Bakis] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D. ve Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20.
  • Edgemon, E. (2020). Austin hotels hit with devastating drops in occupancy, revenue. [URL: https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2020/04/16/austin-hotels-hit-with-devastating-drops-in.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (2018). Tourism Trends Policies Highlights. [URL: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/2018-Tourism-Trends-Policies-Highlights-ENG.pdf] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (2020). Tourism Policy Responses To The Coronavirüs (COVID-19). [URL: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-coronavirus-COVID-19-6466aa20/ ] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Faus, J. (2020). This is How Coronavirus Could Affect the Travel and Tourism Industry. [URL: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/world-travel-coronavirus-covid19-jobs-pandemic-tourism-aviation/] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Fredman, A. (2020). The Long Term Effects of the Coronavirüs. [URL: https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-long-term-effects-of-the-coronavirus-619118] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Husain, A. (2020). After the Pandemic, A Global Hunger Crises. [URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/opinion/coronavirus-global-hunger.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 07 Eylül 2020).
  • Ik-su, S., Tae-joon, K. ve Ha-yeon, L. (2020). Korean tour industry seeks gov’t help to prevent chain bankruptcies. [URL: https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2020&no=140795] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Japan Bound Statistics (2020). [URL: https://www.tourism.jp/en/tourism-database/stats/inbound/] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Karadağ, Ç. (2004). Görme Kültürü Görüntüler Evreni, Ankara: Doruk Yayımcılık.
  • Kuo, H.I., Chen, C.C., Tseng, W.C. Ju, L.F. ve Huang, B.W. (2008). Assessing impacts of sars and avian flu on international tourism demand to asia. Tourism Management, 29 (5), 917-928.
  • Kwok, D., Siu, T. (2020). UPDATE 1-Hong Kong February retail sales post record fall on coronavirus spread. [URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/hongkong-economy-salesfigures-idUSL4N2BM07S] (Erişim Tarihi: 09 Eylül 2020).
  • Michael, P. (2020). Coronavirus: Tourist arrivals see steep drop in March. [URL: https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/04/21/coronavirus-tourist-arrivals-see-steep-drop-in-march/] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Mitchell, H. (2020). Expect more staycations this summer [URL: https://www.marketplace.org/2020/07/03/expect-more-staycations-this-summer-covid19/] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Novelli, M., Burgess, L.G., Jones, A. ve Ritchie, B.W (2018). “No Ebola...Still doomed”–the ebola-induced tourism crisis. Annals of Tourism Research (70), 76-87.
  • Osiński, S., ve Weiss, D. (2005a). Carrot 2: Design of a Flexible and Efficient Web Information Retrieval Framework. Third International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, 6-9 June 2005, Poland, pp. 439-444.
  • Osiński, S. ve Weiss, D. (2005b). A concept-driven algorithm for clustering search results. IEEE Intelligent Systems. 20(3), 48-54.
  • Parıldar, H. (2020). Tarih boyunca sağın hastalıklar. Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi, 19-26.
  • Pelupessy, P. R. (2018). A comparison of clustering algorithm specifying in topical cluster tweets of the theme of ambon tourism. International Journal of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 7(8), 186-192.
  • Petrova, A. (2020). Foreign tourist arrivals to Bulgaria drop 43.7% y/y in March. [URL: https://seenews.com/news/foreign-tourist-arrivals-to-bulgaria-drop-437-yy-in-march-697128] (Erişim Tarihi: 05 Eylül 2020).
  • Post, P. P. (2020). Int’l arrivals take nosedive in March. [URL: https://english.cambodiadaily.com/business/intl-arrivals-take-nosedive-in-march-163699/] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Radulovikj, S. (2020). Foreign tourist arrivals to Bosnia's Federation down 79% y/y in March. [URL: https://seenews.com/news/foreign-tourist-arrivals-to-bosnias-federation-down-79-yy-in-march-697048] (Erişim Tarihi 07 Eylül 2020).
  • Salcedo, A. Yar, S. ve Cherelus, G. (2020). [URL: https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-travel-restrictions.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 07 Eylül 2020).
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). 06.09.2020 Tarihli Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Haftalık Durum Raporu. [URL: https://www.seyahatsagligi.gov.tr/Site/HaberDetayi/2495] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Santos, D. (2020). How the Food and Beverage Industry is Responding to Coronavirus (Updated Frequently). [URL: https://www.aislelabs.com/blog/2020/04/06/how-the-food-and-beverage-industry-is-responding-to-coronavirus-updated-frequently/] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Sio-Chong, U. ve So, Y. C. (2020). The impacts of financial and non-financial crises on tourism: Evidence from Macao and Hong Kong. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33.
  • Smartraveller (2020). COVID-19 Information for Australian Travellers. [URL: https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/COVID-19] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Stefanowski, J. ve Weiss, D. (2003). Carrot 2 and Language Properties in Web Search Results Clustering. International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, 5-6 May 2003, ss. 240-249.
  • Sullivan, L. (2020). Macau’s gaming revenue fell 88 percent in February, Casino Review, [URL: https://www.casino-review.co/macau-gaming-revenue/] (Erişim Tarihi: 11 Eylül 2020).
  • Tandoğan, M. (2018). Konaklama işletmelerinde tedarik zinciri yönetimi. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(16), 1375-1386.
  • Tan, H. (2020). China’s travel restrictions amid coronavirus outbreak will hit other Asian economies. [URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/28/coronavirus-china-travel-restrictions-will-hit-asian-economies.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 09 Eylül 2020).
  • Taylor, J. (2020). Completely dropped off': Australia's tourism industry braces for coronavirus crisis. The Guardian. [URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/11/completely-dropped-off-australias-tourism-industry-braces-for-coronavirus-crisis] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • The Jakartapost (2020). [URL: https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2020/05/18/cambodia-expects-chinese-tourists-to-drive-its-tourism-growth-after-covid-19-outbreak.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Uluslararası Hava Taşımacılığı Birliği (2020). Publications. [URL: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/economics/] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Valézquez, C. (2020). El CNET pide apoyo mientras sus empresas salvan empleos [URL: https://www.dineroenimagen.com/carlos-velazquez/el-cnet-pide-apoyo-mientras-sus-empresas-salvan-empleos/120918] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Weiss, D. (2001). A Clustering Interface for Web Search Results in Polish and English (MSc Thesis), Poznan University of Technology, Polonya.
  • Yang, Y., Zhang, H. ve Chen, X. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and tourism: Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling of infectious disease outbreak. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 1-6.
  • Zenker, S. ve Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic–A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81, 1-4.

The Evaluation of the Studies on the Effect of Tourism of Covid-19 Pandemia with Carrot² Analysis

Yıl 2021, , 30 - 47, 27.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.794537

Öz

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on tourism within the framework of the studies. Towards the end of 2020, it is estimated that there will be a 60-80% decrease in the international tourism economy. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of the pandemic in tourism. Carrot², an online visual software program, was used in the study. Thanks to this program, a total of 150 scientific resources have been reached. These resources are categorized by cluster analysis. "The impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry (32)" has been found as the largest cluster from the studies that include the terms COVID-19 and tourism impact. Among the studies in the cluster found, the effect of the pandemic on the countries and the tourism-related sector was also examined. As a result, airline, casinos, cruise, hotel, rent a car and restaurant industries experienced huge loss of income. In addition, countries with travel restrictions ranging from 43% to 99% experienced a serious decrease in the number of visitors.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgını ve turizm faaliyetlerine etkisi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 7-21.
  • Alpago, H. ve Alpago, D. O. (2020). Korona Virüs ve sosyoekonomik sonuçlar. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (8), 99-114.
  • Baker (2020). Chinese Hotels Seeing Steep Declines From Coronavirus. [URL: http://hotelnewsnow.com/Articles/300132/Chinese-hotels-seeing-steep-declines-from-coronavirus] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Balu, N. (2020). Norwegian Cruise Line swings to $1.88 bln loss on charges. [URL: https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/norwegian-cruise-line-swings-to-%241.88-bln-loss-on-charges-2020-05-14] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Cassavia, N., Dicosta, P., Masciari, E. ve Saccà, D. (2015). Improving Tourist Experience By Big Data Tools. International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS), 20-24 July 2015, Amsterdam, pp. 553-556.
  • Chokshi, N. (2020). Hertz, Car Rental Pioneer, Files for Bankruptcy Protection. The New York Times. [URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/22/business/hertz-bankruptcy-coronavirus-car-rental.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 09 Eylül 2020).
  • Coleman, J. (2020). Top Hawaii tourism official retiring amid coronavirus fallout [URL: https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/501123-top-hawaii-tourism-official-retiring-amid-coronavirus-fallout] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Costa Rica Tourism Board (2020). [URL: https://www.ict.go.cr/en/statistics/statistical-reports.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Croatian National Tourism Board (2020). [URL: https://www.htz.hr/en-GB/tourism-information/tourism-analysis/tourism-figures] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Dünya Turizm Örgütü (2020a). New Data Shows Impact Of Covıd-19 on Tourism as Unwto Calls for Responsible Restart of The Sector. [URL: https://www.unwto.org/news/new-data-shows-impact-of-COVID-19-on-tourism] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Dünya Turizm Örgütü (2020b). International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60 80 In 2020. [URL: https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2020). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports. [URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Girgin, E. (2019). Turizm Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Aydın.
  • Google Akademik (2020a). COVID-19 ve Turizm Etki. [URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=COVID-19+ve+turizm+etki+&btnG= ] (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Eylül 2020).
  • Google Akademik, (2020b). COVID-19 and Tourism Effects. [URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=covid19+and+tourism+effects&oq=COVID-19+and+tourism+eff] (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Eylül 2020).
  • Gürsu, E. (2020). Koronavirüs Pandemisi Sars-CoV-2 Virüsüne Genel Bakış. [URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341599760_Koronavirus_Pandemisi_ve_Sars-CoV-2_Virusune_Genel_Bakis] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D. ve Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20.
  • Edgemon, E. (2020). Austin hotels hit with devastating drops in occupancy, revenue. [URL: https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2020/04/16/austin-hotels-hit-with-devastating-drops-in.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (2018). Tourism Trends Policies Highlights. [URL: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/2018-Tourism-Trends-Policies-Highlights-ENG.pdf] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (2020). Tourism Policy Responses To The Coronavirüs (COVID-19). [URL: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-coronavirus-COVID-19-6466aa20/ ] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Faus, J. (2020). This is How Coronavirus Could Affect the Travel and Tourism Industry. [URL: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/world-travel-coronavirus-covid19-jobs-pandemic-tourism-aviation/] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Fredman, A. (2020). The Long Term Effects of the Coronavirüs. [URL: https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-long-term-effects-of-the-coronavirus-619118] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Husain, A. (2020). After the Pandemic, A Global Hunger Crises. [URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/opinion/coronavirus-global-hunger.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 07 Eylül 2020).
  • Ik-su, S., Tae-joon, K. ve Ha-yeon, L. (2020). Korean tour industry seeks gov’t help to prevent chain bankruptcies. [URL: https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2020&no=140795] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Japan Bound Statistics (2020). [URL: https://www.tourism.jp/en/tourism-database/stats/inbound/] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Karadağ, Ç. (2004). Görme Kültürü Görüntüler Evreni, Ankara: Doruk Yayımcılık.
  • Kuo, H.I., Chen, C.C., Tseng, W.C. Ju, L.F. ve Huang, B.W. (2008). Assessing impacts of sars and avian flu on international tourism demand to asia. Tourism Management, 29 (5), 917-928.
  • Kwok, D., Siu, T. (2020). UPDATE 1-Hong Kong February retail sales post record fall on coronavirus spread. [URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/hongkong-economy-salesfigures-idUSL4N2BM07S] (Erişim Tarihi: 09 Eylül 2020).
  • Michael, P. (2020). Coronavirus: Tourist arrivals see steep drop in March. [URL: https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/04/21/coronavirus-tourist-arrivals-see-steep-drop-in-march/] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Mitchell, H. (2020). Expect more staycations this summer [URL: https://www.marketplace.org/2020/07/03/expect-more-staycations-this-summer-covid19/] (Erişim Tarihi: 06 Eylül 2020).
  • Novelli, M., Burgess, L.G., Jones, A. ve Ritchie, B.W (2018). “No Ebola...Still doomed”–the ebola-induced tourism crisis. Annals of Tourism Research (70), 76-87.
  • Osiński, S., ve Weiss, D. (2005a). Carrot 2: Design of a Flexible and Efficient Web Information Retrieval Framework. Third International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, 6-9 June 2005, Poland, pp. 439-444.
  • Osiński, S. ve Weiss, D. (2005b). A concept-driven algorithm for clustering search results. IEEE Intelligent Systems. 20(3), 48-54.
  • Parıldar, H. (2020). Tarih boyunca sağın hastalıklar. Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi, 19-26.
  • Pelupessy, P. R. (2018). A comparison of clustering algorithm specifying in topical cluster tweets of the theme of ambon tourism. International Journal of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 7(8), 186-192.
  • Petrova, A. (2020). Foreign tourist arrivals to Bulgaria drop 43.7% y/y in March. [URL: https://seenews.com/news/foreign-tourist-arrivals-to-bulgaria-drop-437-yy-in-march-697128] (Erişim Tarihi: 05 Eylül 2020).
  • Post, P. P. (2020). Int’l arrivals take nosedive in March. [URL: https://english.cambodiadaily.com/business/intl-arrivals-take-nosedive-in-march-163699/] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Radulovikj, S. (2020). Foreign tourist arrivals to Bosnia's Federation down 79% y/y in March. [URL: https://seenews.com/news/foreign-tourist-arrivals-to-bosnias-federation-down-79-yy-in-march-697048] (Erişim Tarihi 07 Eylül 2020).
  • Salcedo, A. Yar, S. ve Cherelus, G. (2020). [URL: https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-travel-restrictions.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 07 Eylül 2020).
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). 06.09.2020 Tarihli Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Haftalık Durum Raporu. [URL: https://www.seyahatsagligi.gov.tr/Site/HaberDetayi/2495] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Santos, D. (2020). How the Food and Beverage Industry is Responding to Coronavirus (Updated Frequently). [URL: https://www.aislelabs.com/blog/2020/04/06/how-the-food-and-beverage-industry-is-responding-to-coronavirus-updated-frequently/] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Sio-Chong, U. ve So, Y. C. (2020). The impacts of financial and non-financial crises on tourism: Evidence from Macao and Hong Kong. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33.
  • Smartraveller (2020). COVID-19 Information for Australian Travellers. [URL: https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/COVID-19] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • Stefanowski, J. ve Weiss, D. (2003). Carrot 2 and Language Properties in Web Search Results Clustering. International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, 5-6 May 2003, ss. 240-249.
  • Sullivan, L. (2020). Macau’s gaming revenue fell 88 percent in February, Casino Review, [URL: https://www.casino-review.co/macau-gaming-revenue/] (Erişim Tarihi: 11 Eylül 2020).
  • Tandoğan, M. (2018). Konaklama işletmelerinde tedarik zinciri yönetimi. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(16), 1375-1386.
  • Tan, H. (2020). China’s travel restrictions amid coronavirus outbreak will hit other Asian economies. [URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/28/coronavirus-china-travel-restrictions-will-hit-asian-economies.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 09 Eylül 2020).
  • Taylor, J. (2020). Completely dropped off': Australia's tourism industry braces for coronavirus crisis. The Guardian. [URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/11/completely-dropped-off-australias-tourism-industry-braces-for-coronavirus-crisis] (Erişim Tarihi: 08 Eylül 2020).
  • The Jakartapost (2020). [URL: https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2020/05/18/cambodia-expects-chinese-tourists-to-drive-its-tourism-growth-after-covid-19-outbreak.html] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Uluslararası Hava Taşımacılığı Birliği (2020). Publications. [URL: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/economics/] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Valézquez, C. (2020). El CNET pide apoyo mientras sus empresas salvan empleos [URL: https://www.dineroenimagen.com/carlos-velazquez/el-cnet-pide-apoyo-mientras-sus-empresas-salvan-empleos/120918] (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020).
  • Weiss, D. (2001). A Clustering Interface for Web Search Results in Polish and English (MSc Thesis), Poznan University of Technology, Polonya.
  • Yang, Y., Zhang, H. ve Chen, X. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and tourism: Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling of infectious disease outbreak. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 1-6.
  • Zenker, S. ve Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic–A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81, 1-4.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sinem Kunt 0000-0002-5342-4734

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2021
Kabul Tarihi 13 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Kunt, S. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemisinin Turizme Etkisi Konusunda Yapılan Çalışmaların Carrot² Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 30-47. https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.794537

Değerli Araştırmacılar,

Dergimize gönderilen çalışmalar geliş sırasına ve konusuna göre öncelikle editör değerlendirmesinden geçmekte, editör görüşü doğrultusunda hakem değerlendirmesine karar verilmektedir. Değerlendirme süreci tamamlanan çalışmalar da aynı şekilde değerlendirmenin tamamlanma tarihlerine, türlerine ve kapsamlarına göre yayıma kabul edilmektedir. Bu yüzden GTAD'a gönderilen çalışmaların herhangi bir sayıda yayıma kabul edileceğinin planlanarak önerilmemesi gerektiğini tekrar hatırlatmak isteriz. Detaylı bilgi için yayın politkası incelenebilir.