DeğiĢen Ġklim KoĢullarına KarĢı Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Genetik Adaptasyon Mekanizmaları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 01.01.2019

Aras Şenel Esra Duman , Ömer O. Türel

Öz

Küresel ısınma sebebiyle tarım alanlarının ve meraların azalması ve iklim kuşaklarının değişmesi, birçok soruna gebe olmanın yanında ülkelerin tarım ve hayvancılık faaliyetlerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir.

Değişen iklim koşullarında başta et ve süt olmak üzere besin ve ekonomik ihtiyacın verimli şekilde sağlanabilmesinde çiftlik hayvanları yetiştiriciliğinin önemi büyüktür. Çünkü bu hayvanlar kaliteli yemi yüksek kalitedeki hayvansal proteine çevirebilmekte ve geniş bir iklim yelpazesinde adaptasyon gösterebilmektedir.

Isı stresinin verim üzerindeki etkileri yaban hayvanlarının yanı sıra evcil çiftlik hayvanlarından özellikle ruminantlarda gözlemlenmektedir. Isı stresine karşı oluşan fizyolojik yanıtla ilgili birçok çalışma olmasına karşın hücresel ve genetik seviyedeki bilgiler henüz yeterli değildir. Hücresel yanıtın en önemli elemanlarından biri de Isı Şok Proteini (HSP) genleridir.

Bu çalışmada çiftlik hayvanlarında ısı stresinin genel özelliklerinden, ısı stresine karşı yanıt ve adaptasyonlardan ve hücresel yanıtın önemli elemanlarından biri olan HSPs (Heat Shock Proteins, Isı Stresi Proteinleri) ile ilgili çalışmalardan bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HSP, Çiftlik hayvanları, Küresel ısınma, Isı stresi, Oksidatif stres

Genetic Adaptation Mechanisms Against Changing Climate Conditions on Farm Animals

Öz

Decreasing cultivated and farge areas and changing climatic zones hence on climate change cause a trouble besides affect countries agricultural and livestock breeding activities negatively. Livestock breeding has an importance to meet the nutritional and economical requirement notably milk and meet in changing climate conditions. Because theese animals can convert low quality roughage to high quality animal protein and can adapt to a wide climate range. The effects of heat stres on yields are observed on wild animals along livestock animals, especially ruminants. Although there are several researches about phsiologycal responds against heat stress, knowladges on cellular and genetic levels are not enough yet. Heat Shock Protein ( HSP) genes are one of the most important cellular respond members. In this study we aimed to mention reports about general heat stres properties on farm animals, heat stres response , adaptaion and one of the important cellular respond members HSPs (Heat Shock Proteins).

Anahtar Kelimeler

HSP, livestock, global warming, heat stress, oxidative stress

Kaynakça

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