Nijer Deltası’nda Çevresel Bozulma: Mikro Bölgesel Çevre Yönetimi ile Makro Bölgesel Güvenlik Yönetimi Arasındaki Karşılıklı Süreç

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 43, 579 - 613, 26.12.2022

Suleyman Orhun Altiparmak

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1142463

Öz

Nijer Deltası çevresel bozulma, petrol sızıntıları ve çevresel sonuçları ile bilinir. Ancak bu, yönetimin bir parçası olarak bölgenin diğer dinamiklerinden izole değildir. Nijer Deltası’nın karmaşık bağlamı iki alanda analiz edilmelidir. Mikrobölgesel düzeyde, Nijer Deltası’nda çevresel bozulma ve petrol suçları vardır. Makro-bölgesel düzeyde, Batı Afrika’da ulusötesi suçlar ve devletlerin nispeten istikrarlı ilişkileri vardır. Resim, aktörleri, kurumları, düzenlemeleri ve etkileşimi sınıflandıracak yönetişim araştırmasını gerektiriyor. Bu makale, Nijer Deltası’ndaki zayıf çevresel yönetişimin Batı Afrika’daki ulusötesi suçlarla yüksek oranda bağlantılı olduğunu savunuyor. Bunun temel nedeni, iki farklı bölge düzeyinde (yani Nijer Deltası ve Batı Afrika) merkezi bir devlet işlevinin bulunması, ancak merkezi bir gücün olmamasıdır. Bu çalışma, çevresel yönetişim ve ulusötesi suçlar arasındaki bağlantıya dayanan kavramsal çerçeve aracılığıyla iki ayrı düzeyin bağlamlarını netleştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nijer Deltası, Çevresel bölge yönetimi, Güvenlik yönetimi, Petrol sızıntıları, Transnasyonel organize suçlar

Niger Delta Environmental Degradation: Reciprocal Process between Micro-Regional Environmental Governance and Macro-Regional Security Governance

Öz

Niger Delta environmental degradation is known for oil spills and their environmental outcomes. However, the issue is not isolated from the region’s other dynamics as part of governance. The complex context of the Niger Delta should be analysed in two spheres. At the micro-regional level, there are environmental degradation and oil crimes in the Niger Delta. At the macro-regional level, there are transnational crimes and relatively stable relations among the states in West Africa. The picture requires governance investigation, which would classify actors, institutions, regulations, and interactions. This paper argues that poor environmental governance in the Niger Delta is highly connected with transnational crimes in West Africa. The main reason is that there is a centralised state function but not a centralised power in two different regional levels (i.e., Niger Delta and West Africa). This work aims to clear out the contexts of two separate levels via a conceptual framework based on the connection between environmental governance and transnational crimes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Niger Delta, Regional environmental governance, Security governance, Oil spillages, Transnational organised crimes

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