Öz
Bu makale, Afganistan Barış ve Yeniden Bütünleşme Programı bağlamında Taliban'la gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerin zorluklarını ve geleceğe yönelik beklentilerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır ve bu amaç doğrultusunda şu soruları ortaya koymaktadır: ABD'yi isyancılarla müzakereye gitmeye iten ana sorun neydi? Bu hareketin ardındaki beklentiler nelerdi? Taliban'la bu son uzlaşı çabası hangi yönlerden önceki uzlaşı girişimlerine göre farklılık göstermektedir? İsyancıları silahsızlandırmaya ve siyasi diyalog başlatmaya yönelik daha önce adımları atılan çabalar neden istenilen sonuçları doğuramamıştır? Bir uzlaşı sürecinin gelişmesi için koşullar nelerdir? Bu makale, ABD stratejisinin önündeki büyük zorlukları incelemekte ve Afganistan'ın ihtiyaç duyduğu unsurun dar anlamdaki siyasi bir yapılandırmadan ziyade kapsamlı bir barışı inşa süreci olduğunu öne sürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Taliban İsyana Karşı Koyma Afganistan Barış ve Uzlaşma Programı ABD Askerlerinin Çekilmesi Barış İnşası.
Kaynakça
- Books SEMPLE Michael, Reconciliation in Afghanistan, United States Institute of Peace Perspectives Series, USIP Press, Washington DC, 2010.
- ZARTMAN I. William, Guy Oliver Faure (eds.), Escalation and Negotiation in International Conflicts, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- ZARTMAN I. William, Ripe for Resolution: Conflict Resolution in Africa, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1989. Papers
- DERKSEN Deedee, Peace from the Bottom-Up? The Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program, PRIO Paper. Oslo, PRIO, 2011.
- HARTZELL Caroline. Missed Opportunities: the Impact of DDR on SSR in Afghanistan, United States Institute of Peace Special Report No. 270, Washington DC, USIP, April 2011.
- KELMAN Herbert C., “Some Determinants of the Breakthrough”, International Negotiation, No. 2, 1997. Oslo
- MOORADIAN Moorad and DANIEL Druckman, “Hurting Stalemate or Mediation? The Conflict over Nagorno Karabakh, 1990–95”,
- Journal of Peace Research, No. 36, 1999.
- PRUITT Dean G. “Whither Ripeness Theory?” Working Paper, No. 25, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, 2005.
- SAJJAD Tazreena, “Peace at all Costs? Reintegration and Reconciliation Evaluation Unit, Issues Paper Series, October 2010. in Afghanistan”, Afghanistan Research and TELLIS Ashley J., Reconciling With the Taliban? Toward an
- Alternative Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009.
- Dailies and Periodicals FILKINS Dexter, “US Uses Attacks to Nudge Taliban toward a Deal”, The New York Times, October 14, 2010.
- No Taliban Qatar Office, Unless Direct Talks with Government”, The Wakht News, January 30, 2013, wakht.af/.../3212-no-taliban-qatar- office-unless-direct-talks-with-gov.
- PORTER Gareeth, “Will Rabbani Hit Derail Afghan Peace?”, Al jazeera, September 26, 2011.
- “Seven Taliban Leaders Take Families to Qatar”, Tolo News, December 29, 2011. Internet
- BAABAR Mariana, “Pakistan Agrees to Taliban Opening Office in Qatar”, The News, March 04, 2013, http://www.thenews.com.pk/
- Todays-News-13-21360-Pakistan-agrees-to-Taliban-opening-office-in
- Qatar (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- BRAITHWAITE John and WARDAK Ali, “Is Killing Taliban a Good Idea?”, Inside Story, December 07, 2011, http://inside.org.au/is- killing-taliban-a-good-idea/ (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- CIA, World Fact Book, http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the- world-factbook/geos/af.html (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- Congressional Research Service July 16, 2010 http://www.fas.org/ sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- COFFEY Luke, “Detainee Operations in Counterinsurgency Operations: Lessons from Afghanistan 2005-2006” Small Wars
- Journal, September 1, 2009, http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/ journal/docs-temp/282-coffey.pdf (Access date: 08.03.2013).
- “Ex-Taliban Insurgents Pledge Allegiance to Afghan Government”, American Forces Press Service, US Department of Defense, May 28, 2005, (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- FELBAB-BROWN Vanda, “Negotiations and Reconciliation with the Taliban: The Key Policy Issues and Dilemmas”, Brookings, January 28, 2010. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/articles/2010/0128_taliban
- _felbabbrown/0128_taliban_felbabbrown.pdf 002013). (Access date:
- FILKINS Dexter and CARLOTTA Gall, “Taliban Leader in Secret Talks Was an Impostor”, The New York Times, November 22, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/world/asia/23kabul.html?pagewa nted=all (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- HAMBER, Brandon and GRÁINNE Kelly, “Reconciliation: A Working http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/dd/papers/dd04recondef.pdf (Access date: 07.03.2013). Democratic Dialogue”, September 2004,
- “Negotiation or Ploys, What is it?”, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, May 28, 2011, http://shahamat-english.com/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=7919:negotiation-or-ploys-what-is- it&catid=3:articles&Itemid=5 (Access date: 05.03.2013).
- “On US-Taliban Talks, Look at 2014 and Work Back”, Global News
- Journal, Reuters, February 20, 2011, http://blogs.reuters.com/ global/tag/ talks/ (Access date: 06.03.2013).
- “Operation Moshtarak: Lessons Learned”, Small Wars Journal, smallwarsjournal.com/.../moshtarak1.pdf, (Access date: 06.03.2013).
- “Operation Enduring Freedom: Coalition Military Fatalities by Year,” Casualties.org, http://icasualties.org/oef/ (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- “Pak to Transfer more Taliban Leaders to Qatar to Facilitate Afghan Peace”, Zee News, March 4, 2013, http://zeenews.india.com/news/ south-asia/pak-to-transfer-more-taliban-leaders-to-qatar-to-facilitate- afghan-peace_832931.html (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- “Peace Council’s Efforts, Symbolic and Dictated”, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4339:peace- councils-efforts-symbolic-and-dictated&catid=2:comments&Itemid=3 (Access date: 07.03.2013). 2010, January 11, http://shahamat-english.com/
- RASHID Ahmed, “Security vs. Reconciliation: The Afghan Conundrum”, Briefing for the Munich Security Conference, an annual gathering of foreign ministers, heads of state, and other security experts http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/feb/13/afghan- conundrum-taliban-talks/ (Access date: 07.03.2013). 3-5, 2012,
- RUBIN Alissa J. and DECLAN Walsh, “Renewed Push for Afghans to Make Peace with Taliban”, The New York Times, February 16, 2013, topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/.../r/alissa...rubin/index.html (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- TOUMI Habib, “Taliban Opens Bureau in Qatar”, Qatar News, January 15, 2013, www.pulseofkuwait.com/News/news.php?id=14 (Access date: 08.03.2013).
Öz
Bu makale, Afganistan Barış ve Yeniden Bütünleşme Programı bağlamında Taliban'la gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerin zorluklarını ve geleceğe yönelik beklentilerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır ve bu amaç doğrultusunda şu soruları ortaya koymaktadır: ABD'yi isyancılarla müzakereye gitmeye iten ana sorun neydi? Bu hareketin ardındaki beklentiler nelerdi? Taliban'la bu son uzlaşı çabası hangi yönlerden önceki uzlaşı girişimlerine göre farklılık göstermektedir? İsyancıları silahsızlandırmaya ve siyasi diyalog başlatmaya yönelik daha önce adımları atılan çabalar neden istenilen sonuçları doğuramamıştır? Bir uzlaşı sürecinin gelişmesi için koşullar nelerdir? Bu makale, ABD stratejisinin önündeki büyük zorlukları incelemekte ve Afganistan'ın ihtiyaç duyduğu unsurun dar anlamdaki siyasi bir yapılandırmadan ziyade kapsamlı bir barışı inşa süreci olduğunu öne sürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Taliban İsyana Karşı Koyma Afganistan Barış ve Uzlaşma Programı ABD Askerlerinin Çekilmesi Barış İnşası.
Kaynakça
- Books SEMPLE Michael, Reconciliation in Afghanistan, United States Institute of Peace Perspectives Series, USIP Press, Washington DC, 2010.
- ZARTMAN I. William, Guy Oliver Faure (eds.), Escalation and Negotiation in International Conflicts, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- ZARTMAN I. William, Ripe for Resolution: Conflict Resolution in Africa, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1989. Papers
- DERKSEN Deedee, Peace from the Bottom-Up? The Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program, PRIO Paper. Oslo, PRIO, 2011.
- HARTZELL Caroline. Missed Opportunities: the Impact of DDR on SSR in Afghanistan, United States Institute of Peace Special Report No. 270, Washington DC, USIP, April 2011.
- KELMAN Herbert C., “Some Determinants of the Breakthrough”, International Negotiation, No. 2, 1997. Oslo
- MOORADIAN Moorad and DANIEL Druckman, “Hurting Stalemate or Mediation? The Conflict over Nagorno Karabakh, 1990–95”,
- Journal of Peace Research, No. 36, 1999.
- PRUITT Dean G. “Whither Ripeness Theory?” Working Paper, No. 25, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, 2005.
- SAJJAD Tazreena, “Peace at all Costs? Reintegration and Reconciliation Evaluation Unit, Issues Paper Series, October 2010. in Afghanistan”, Afghanistan Research and TELLIS Ashley J., Reconciling With the Taliban? Toward an
- Alternative Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009.
- Dailies and Periodicals FILKINS Dexter, “US Uses Attacks to Nudge Taliban toward a Deal”, The New York Times, October 14, 2010.
- No Taliban Qatar Office, Unless Direct Talks with Government”, The Wakht News, January 30, 2013, wakht.af/.../3212-no-taliban-qatar- office-unless-direct-talks-with-gov.
- PORTER Gareeth, “Will Rabbani Hit Derail Afghan Peace?”, Al jazeera, September 26, 2011.
- “Seven Taliban Leaders Take Families to Qatar”, Tolo News, December 29, 2011. Internet
- BAABAR Mariana, “Pakistan Agrees to Taliban Opening Office in Qatar”, The News, March 04, 2013, http://www.thenews.com.pk/
- Todays-News-13-21360-Pakistan-agrees-to-Taliban-opening-office-in
- Qatar (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- BRAITHWAITE John and WARDAK Ali, “Is Killing Taliban a Good Idea?”, Inside Story, December 07, 2011, http://inside.org.au/is- killing-taliban-a-good-idea/ (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- CIA, World Fact Book, http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the- world-factbook/geos/af.html (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- Congressional Research Service July 16, 2010 http://www.fas.org/ sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- COFFEY Luke, “Detainee Operations in Counterinsurgency Operations: Lessons from Afghanistan 2005-2006” Small Wars
- Journal, September 1, 2009, http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/ journal/docs-temp/282-coffey.pdf (Access date: 08.03.2013).
- “Ex-Taliban Insurgents Pledge Allegiance to Afghan Government”, American Forces Press Service, US Department of Defense, May 28, 2005, (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- FELBAB-BROWN Vanda, “Negotiations and Reconciliation with the Taliban: The Key Policy Issues and Dilemmas”, Brookings, January 28, 2010. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/articles/2010/0128_taliban
- _felbabbrown/0128_taliban_felbabbrown.pdf 002013). (Access date:
- FILKINS Dexter and CARLOTTA Gall, “Taliban Leader in Secret Talks Was an Impostor”, The New York Times, November 22, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/world/asia/23kabul.html?pagewa nted=all (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- HAMBER, Brandon and GRÁINNE Kelly, “Reconciliation: A Working http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/dd/papers/dd04recondef.pdf (Access date: 07.03.2013). Democratic Dialogue”, September 2004,
- “Negotiation or Ploys, What is it?”, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, May 28, 2011, http://shahamat-english.com/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=7919:negotiation-or-ploys-what-is- it&catid=3:articles&Itemid=5 (Access date: 05.03.2013).
- “On US-Taliban Talks, Look at 2014 and Work Back”, Global News
- Journal, Reuters, February 20, 2011, http://blogs.reuters.com/ global/tag/ talks/ (Access date: 06.03.2013).
- “Operation Moshtarak: Lessons Learned”, Small Wars Journal, smallwarsjournal.com/.../moshtarak1.pdf, (Access date: 06.03.2013).
- “Operation Enduring Freedom: Coalition Military Fatalities by Year,” Casualties.org, http://icasualties.org/oef/ (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- “Pak to Transfer more Taliban Leaders to Qatar to Facilitate Afghan Peace”, Zee News, March 4, 2013, http://zeenews.india.com/news/ south-asia/pak-to-transfer-more-taliban-leaders-to-qatar-to-facilitate- afghan-peace_832931.html (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- “Peace Council’s Efforts, Symbolic and Dictated”, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4339:peace- councils-efforts-symbolic-and-dictated&catid=2:comments&Itemid=3 (Access date: 07.03.2013). 2010, January 11, http://shahamat-english.com/
- RASHID Ahmed, “Security vs. Reconciliation: The Afghan Conundrum”, Briefing for the Munich Security Conference, an annual gathering of foreign ministers, heads of state, and other security experts http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/feb/13/afghan- conundrum-taliban-talks/ (Access date: 07.03.2013). 3-5, 2012,
- RUBIN Alissa J. and DECLAN Walsh, “Renewed Push for Afghans to Make Peace with Taliban”, The New York Times, February 16, 2013, topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/.../r/alissa...rubin/index.html (Access date: 07.03.2013).
- TOUMI Habib, “Taliban Opens Bureau in Qatar”, Qatar News, January 15, 2013, www.pulseofkuwait.com/News/news.php?id=14 (Access date: 08.03.2013).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2013 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 15 Şubat 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 17 |
