2001-2020 Yılları Arasında ABD’nin Güç Unsurlarının Değişimi ve Bu Değişimin Uluslararası Sistemin Yapısına Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 49, 331 - 354, 26.12.2024

Demet Güntay Uçar , Burak Samih Gülboy

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1480305

Öz

Güç ve liderlik, çok katmanlı ve ilişkisel bir süreç olarak görülmelidir. Ancak, politik karar alıcılar genellikle gücü sahip olunan kaynaklar ve bunlarla elde edilebilecek sonuçlara indirgeme eğilimindedir. Bu tek boyutlu bakış açısı, baskı, kontrol ve tahakküm gibi sert güç unsurlarına dayalı bir güç anlayışı doğurmaktadır. Gücünü korumak veya artırmak isteyen bir aktörün, diğer aktörler üzerinde güç ve tahakküm kurma amacıyla sahip olduğu güç unsurlarına yüklenmesi, “güç yorgunluğu” olarak adlandırılabilecek bir duruma yol açabilmektedir. Güç yorgunluğu, başat aktörün çözüm üretme kapasitesini sınırlayarak birim ve sistem düzeyinde krizlere neden olmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, güç yorgunluğu kavramsallaştırmasını Soğuk Savaş sonrasında şekillenen uluslararası sistemde ABD’nin başat rolüyle ilişkilendirerek, Bush, Obama ve Trump dönemleri üzerinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güç, Güç Yorgunluğu, Uluslararası Sistem, Irak Operasyonu, ABD’nin Küresel Güç Politikaları

The Change in the Power Elements of the USA between 2001 and 2020 and Its Impact on the Structure of the International System

Öz

Power and leadership are a multi-layered and relational process. However, political decision- makers often tend to reduce power to the resources possessed and the results that can be achieved with them. This one-dimensional perspective leads to an understanding of power based on hard power elements such as coercion, control, and domination. When an actor who wants to maintain or increase its power overloads its power elements to establish power and domination over other actors, it can leads to a situation called “power fatigue”. Power fatigue limits the capacity of the dominant actor to generate solutions, leading to crises at both the unit and system levels. In this context, the study aims to analyze the conceptualization of power fatigue through the periods of Bush, Obama, and Trump, considering the dominant role of the United States of America (USA) in the international system shaped after the Cold War.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Power, Power Fatigue, International System, Iraq Operation, USA Global Power Policies

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