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SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 959 - 970, 27.12.2021

Öz

Özel bakıma ihtiyaç duyan engelli bireylerin, zihinsel ya da fiziksel sağlık sorunları nedeniyle oral hijyenlerini sağlayamaması, ebeveyn/bakıcıların oral sağlık konusunda farkındalığının az olması ya da engelli bireyin oral sağlığındaki değişikliklerin erken dönemde fark edilememesi gibi durumlar oral sağlığın korunmasını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Özellikle zihinsel engelli bireyler, kooperasyon sağlanamaması nedeniyle hizmet alımı sürecinde ciddi sorunlar yaşamaktadırlar. Koruyucu önlemlerin engelli bireylerde etkin yönetilememesi, diş hekimliği hizmetlerine yoğun olarak ihtiyaç duymalarına neden olmaktadır. Engelli bireyler oral sağlık ihtiyaçlarının yanı sıra eşlik eden farklı hastalıklara sahip olmaları nedeniyle birçok genel sağlık problemleri de yaşamaktadır. Bu durum, engelli bireylerde oral sağlığın geri plana atılmasına da yol açmaktadır. Engelli bireylerin koruyucu ve tedavi edici hizmetlere erişimi, uygun klinik ortamın sağlanması, multidisipliner iş gücünün organizasyonu, olumlu iletişim ortamının sağlanması, ebeveyn/bakıcıların sürece katılımı, bireylerin sosyal ve finansal açıdan korunmaları ve oral sağlığa yönelik farkındalık bu hizmet alanının sunumunda önemli noktalardır. Bu derlemede, engelli bireylerin diş hekimliği hizmetlerine erişimleri, yaşanan sorunlar, ailelerin engelli bireylerin oral sağlığındaki rolleri ile sağlık iletişiminin hizmet alım sürecindeki önemi sağlık yönetimi perspektifinden değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca, engelli bireylerin oral sağlıklarını geliştirmeye ve diş hekimliği hizmetlerinin etkin yönetimine yönelik öneriler de sunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adyanthaya, A., Sreelakshmi, N., Ismail, S., & Raheema, M. (2017). Barriers to dental care for children with special needs: General dentists' perception in Kerala, India. Journal of Indian society of pedodontics and preventive dentistry, 35(3), 216-222.
  • Ahmad, M. S., Razak, I. A., & Borromeo, G. L. (2015). Special needs dentistry: Perception, attitudes and educational experience of Malaysian dental students. European Journal of Dental Education, 19(1), 44-52.
  • American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. (2016). Definition of special health care needs. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/special-health-care-needs/
  • Atteya, S. M., Saleh, S. M., & Essam, W. A. (2017). Attitudes of dental interns towards learning communication skills in Alexandria University. Alexandria Dental Journal, 42(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.21608/adjalexu.2017.57852
  • Bensi, C., Costacurta, M., & Docimo, R. (2020). Oral health in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Spec Care Dentist, 40(5), 401-411.
  • Byrappagari, D., Jung, Y., & Chen, K. (2018). Oral health care for patients with developmental disabilities: A survey of Michigan general dentists. Spec Care Dentist, 38(5), 281-290.
  • Chadwick, D., Chapman, M., & Davies, G. (2018). Factors affecting access to daily oral and dental care among adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(3), 379-394.
  • Chi, D. L. (2018). Oral health for US children with special health care needs. Pediatr Clin North Am, 65(5), 981-993.
  • D’Addazio, G., Santilli, M., Sinjari, B., Xhajanka, E., Rexhepi, I., Mangifesta, R., & Caputi, S. (2021). Access to dental care—A survey from dentists, people with disabilities and caregivers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1556.
  • Da Rosa, S. V., Moysés, S. J., Theis, L. C., Soares, R. C., Moysés, S. T., Werneck, R. I., & Rocha, J. S. (2020). Barriers in Access to Dental Services Hindering the Treatment of People with Disabilities: A Systematic Review. International journal of dentistry, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9074618
  • De Gutierrez, G. M., Diniz, M. B., Lima, B. F. A., dos Santos, K. K., & Santos, M. T. B. R. (2018). Barriers to access to dental treatment for people with physical disabilities in a Brazilian metropolis. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 18(1), 3946.
  • Devinsky, O., Boyce, D., Robbins, M., & Pressler, M. (2020). Dental health in persons with disability. Epilepsy Behav, 110, 107174.
  • Gerreth, K., & Borysewicz‐Lewicka, M. (2016). Access barriers to dental health care in children with disability. A questionnaire study of parents. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(2), 139-145.
  • Hashmi, S., Mohanty, V. R., Balappanavar, A. Y., Yadav, V., Kapoor, S., & Rijhwani, K. (2019). Effectiveness of dental health education on oral hygiene among hearing impaired adolescents in India: A randomized control trial. Spec Care Dentist, 39(3), 274-280.
  • Hendaus, M. A., Shaltout, D., Yasrab, D., Al-Noubani, A., Hamad, S. G., Alamri, M., & Alhammadi, A. H. (2020). Parental perception of a dental home for children with special needs. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 11, 379-384
  • Hidaka, R., Furuya, J., Suzuki, H., Matsubara, C., Obana, M., Tokunaga, J., & Endo, K. (2020). Survey on the oral health status of community‐dwelling older people with visual impairment. Special Care in Dentistry, 40(2), 192-197.
  • Holzinger, A., Lettner, S., & Franz, A. (2020). Attitudes of dental students towards patients with special healthcare needs: Can they be improved? Eur J Dent Educ, 24(2), 243-251.
  • Jockusch, J., Sobotta, B. A., & Nitschke, I. (2020). Outpatient dental care for people with disabilities under general anaesthesia in Switzerland. BMC Oral Health, 20(1), 1-14.
  • Jones, D., & Miller, S. (2018). Effectiveness of an educational module on dental hygiene students' attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Journal of dental hygiene, 92, 27-34.
  • Kim, G., Carrico, C., Ivey, C., & Wunsch, P. B. (2019). Impact of sensory adapted dental environment on children with developmental disabilities. Spec Care Dentist, 39(2), 180-187.
  • Krause, M., Vainio, L., Zwetchkenbaum, S., & Inglehart, M. R. (2010). Dental education about patients with special needs: A survey of U.S. and Canadian dental schools. Journal of Dental Education, 74(11), 1179-1189.
  • Lichtenstein, N., Haak, R., Ensmann, I., Hallal, H., Huttenlau, J., Krämer, K., Krause, F., Matthes, J., & Stosch, C. (2018). Does teaching social and communicative competences influence dental students’ attitudes towards learning communication skills? A comparison between two dental schools in Germany. GMS Journal for Medical Education, 35(2), 1-18.
  • Ligali, T. O., Orenuga, O. O., & Oredugba, F. A. (2020). Caries impact on quality of life among visually impaired adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Special Care in Dentistry, 40(2), 184-191.
  • Liu, H.-Y., Chen, J.-R., Hsiao, S.-Y., & Huang, S.-T. (2017). Caregivers' oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior toward their children with disabilities. Journal of Dental Sciences, 12(4), 388-395.
  • Mallineni, S. K., & Yiu, C. K. (2016). Dental treatment under general anesthesia for special‐needs patients: Analysis of the literature. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry, 7(4), 325-331.
  • Oancea, R., Amariei, C., Eaton, K., & Widström, E. (2016). The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in European Union member states: Part 5: Romania. British dental journal, 220(7), 361-366.
  • Pegon-Machat, E., Faulks, D., Eaton, K., Widström, E., Hugues, P., & Tubert-Jeannin, S. (2016). The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in EU Member States: France. British dental journal, 220(4), 197-203.
  • Peres, M. A., Macpherson, L. M. D., Weyant, R. J., Daly, B., Venturelli, R., Mathur, M. R., Listl, S., Celeste, R. K., Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C., Kearns, C., Benzian, H., Allison, P., & Watt, R. G. (2019). Oral diseases: A global public health challenge. The Lancet, 394(10194), 249-260.
  • Puteri, M. M., Ruslan, F., & Wibowo, T. B. (2020). Oral health behavior and its association with the caries index in visually impaired children. Spec Care Dentist, 40(1), 79-83.
  • Rocha, L. L., de Lima Saintrain, M. V., & Vieira-Meyer, A. P. G. F. (2015). Access to dental public services by disabled persons. BMC oral health, 15(1), 1-9.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021, Haziran 6). Engelsiz Sağlık İletişim Merkezi ESİM Mobil Uygulaması. https://istanbulism.saglik.gov.tr/TR,52350/engelsiz-saglik-iletisim-merkezi-esim-mobil-uygulamasi.html
  • Sermsuti-anuwat, N., & Pongpanich, S. (2018). Perspectives and experiences of Thai adults using wheelchairs regarding barriers of access to dental services: a mixed methods study. Patient preference and adherence, 12, 1461.
  • Subasi, F., Mumcu, G., Koksal, L., Cimilli, H., & Bitlis, D. (2007). Factors affecting oral health habits among children with cerebral palsy: pilot study. Pediatrics International, 49(6), 853-857.
  • Veiga, N., Pereira, C., Amaral, O., Ferreira, P., & Correia, I. (2015). Oral health education: Community and individual levels of intervention. Ohdm, 14(2), 129-135.
  • Watt, R. G., Daly, B., Allison, P., Macpherson, L. M. D., Venturelli, R., Listl, S., Weyant, R. J., Mathur, M. R., Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C., Celeste, R. K., Peres, M. A., Kearns, C., & Benzian, H. (2019). Ending the neglect of global oral health: Time for radical action. The Lancet, 394(10194), 261-272.
  • Williams, J. J., Spangler, C. C., & Yusaf, N. K. (2015). Barriers to dental care access for patients with special needs in an affluent metropolitan community. Spec Care Dentist, 35(4), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12110
  • Wilson, K. E., Dunn, K., Holmes, R. D., & Delgaty, L. (2019a). Meeting the needs of patients with disabilities: how can we better prepare the new dental graduate? British dental journal, 227(1), 43-48.
  • Wilson, N. J., Lin, Z., Villarosa, A., Lewis, P., Philip, P., Sumar, B., & George, A. (2019b). Countering the poor oral health of people with intellectual and developmental disability: A scoping literature review. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1530.
  • Woods, N., Ahern, S., Burke, F., Eaton, K., & Widström, E. (2017). The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in European Union member states. Part 7: Republic of Ireland. British dental journal, 222(7), 541-548.
  • Zhou, N., Wong, H. M., & McGrath, C. (2019). Oral health and associated factors among preschool children with special healthcare needs. Oral Dis, 25(4), 1221-1228.
  • Ziegler, M. E., & Pilcher, E. (2020). Using the web to increase access to oral health care for patients with special health care needs in South Carolina: A replicable model. Special Care in Dentistry, 40(2), 160-167.

MANAGEMENT OF DENTISTRY SERVICES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND PERSONS WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 959 - 970, 27.12.2021

Öz

The inability of disabled individuals with mental and physical health problems to maintain their own oral hygiene, the lack of awareness of parents/caregivers about oral health, or the inability to notice changes in the oral health of the disabled individual in the early period affect the protection of their oral health negatively. Especially, mentally disabled individuals face problems in dental health services owing to lack of cooperations. As preventive measures are not managed effectively in individuals with disabilities, they commonly need dentistry services. In addition to their oral health needs, disabled individuals also experience many health problems due to comorbid diseases. This situation also leads to the neglect of oral health in individuals with disabilities. Access to preventive and curative services, provision of the appropriate clinical environment, organization of a multidisciplinary workforce, supplying of a positive communication environment, parents/caregivers participation in the process, social and financial protection of individuals and awareness of oral health are significant points in the provision of this service area. In this review, disabled individuals' access to dentistry services, the problems experienced, the role of families in the oral health of people with disabilities and the importance of health communication in the service will be evaluated from the perspective of health management. Furthermore, suggestions for improving the oral health of disabled individuals and effective management of dental services were presented.

Kaynakça

  • Adyanthaya, A., Sreelakshmi, N., Ismail, S., & Raheema, M. (2017). Barriers to dental care for children with special needs: General dentists' perception in Kerala, India. Journal of Indian society of pedodontics and preventive dentistry, 35(3), 216-222.
  • Ahmad, M. S., Razak, I. A., & Borromeo, G. L. (2015). Special needs dentistry: Perception, attitudes and educational experience of Malaysian dental students. European Journal of Dental Education, 19(1), 44-52.
  • American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. (2016). Definition of special health care needs. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/special-health-care-needs/
  • Atteya, S. M., Saleh, S. M., & Essam, W. A. (2017). Attitudes of dental interns towards learning communication skills in Alexandria University. Alexandria Dental Journal, 42(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.21608/adjalexu.2017.57852
  • Bensi, C., Costacurta, M., & Docimo, R. (2020). Oral health in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Spec Care Dentist, 40(5), 401-411.
  • Byrappagari, D., Jung, Y., & Chen, K. (2018). Oral health care for patients with developmental disabilities: A survey of Michigan general dentists. Spec Care Dentist, 38(5), 281-290.
  • Chadwick, D., Chapman, M., & Davies, G. (2018). Factors affecting access to daily oral and dental care among adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(3), 379-394.
  • Chi, D. L. (2018). Oral health for US children with special health care needs. Pediatr Clin North Am, 65(5), 981-993.
  • D’Addazio, G., Santilli, M., Sinjari, B., Xhajanka, E., Rexhepi, I., Mangifesta, R., & Caputi, S. (2021). Access to dental care—A survey from dentists, people with disabilities and caregivers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1556.
  • Da Rosa, S. V., Moysés, S. J., Theis, L. C., Soares, R. C., Moysés, S. T., Werneck, R. I., & Rocha, J. S. (2020). Barriers in Access to Dental Services Hindering the Treatment of People with Disabilities: A Systematic Review. International journal of dentistry, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9074618
  • De Gutierrez, G. M., Diniz, M. B., Lima, B. F. A., dos Santos, K. K., & Santos, M. T. B. R. (2018). Barriers to access to dental treatment for people with physical disabilities in a Brazilian metropolis. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 18(1), 3946.
  • Devinsky, O., Boyce, D., Robbins, M., & Pressler, M. (2020). Dental health in persons with disability. Epilepsy Behav, 110, 107174.
  • Gerreth, K., & Borysewicz‐Lewicka, M. (2016). Access barriers to dental health care in children with disability. A questionnaire study of parents. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(2), 139-145.
  • Hashmi, S., Mohanty, V. R., Balappanavar, A. Y., Yadav, V., Kapoor, S., & Rijhwani, K. (2019). Effectiveness of dental health education on oral hygiene among hearing impaired adolescents in India: A randomized control trial. Spec Care Dentist, 39(3), 274-280.
  • Hendaus, M. A., Shaltout, D., Yasrab, D., Al-Noubani, A., Hamad, S. G., Alamri, M., & Alhammadi, A. H. (2020). Parental perception of a dental home for children with special needs. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 11, 379-384
  • Hidaka, R., Furuya, J., Suzuki, H., Matsubara, C., Obana, M., Tokunaga, J., & Endo, K. (2020). Survey on the oral health status of community‐dwelling older people with visual impairment. Special Care in Dentistry, 40(2), 192-197.
  • Holzinger, A., Lettner, S., & Franz, A. (2020). Attitudes of dental students towards patients with special healthcare needs: Can they be improved? Eur J Dent Educ, 24(2), 243-251.
  • Jockusch, J., Sobotta, B. A., & Nitschke, I. (2020). Outpatient dental care for people with disabilities under general anaesthesia in Switzerland. BMC Oral Health, 20(1), 1-14.
  • Jones, D., & Miller, S. (2018). Effectiveness of an educational module on dental hygiene students' attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Journal of dental hygiene, 92, 27-34.
  • Kim, G., Carrico, C., Ivey, C., & Wunsch, P. B. (2019). Impact of sensory adapted dental environment on children with developmental disabilities. Spec Care Dentist, 39(2), 180-187.
  • Krause, M., Vainio, L., Zwetchkenbaum, S., & Inglehart, M. R. (2010). Dental education about patients with special needs: A survey of U.S. and Canadian dental schools. Journal of Dental Education, 74(11), 1179-1189.
  • Lichtenstein, N., Haak, R., Ensmann, I., Hallal, H., Huttenlau, J., Krämer, K., Krause, F., Matthes, J., & Stosch, C. (2018). Does teaching social and communicative competences influence dental students’ attitudes towards learning communication skills? A comparison between two dental schools in Germany. GMS Journal for Medical Education, 35(2), 1-18.
  • Ligali, T. O., Orenuga, O. O., & Oredugba, F. A. (2020). Caries impact on quality of life among visually impaired adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Special Care in Dentistry, 40(2), 184-191.
  • Liu, H.-Y., Chen, J.-R., Hsiao, S.-Y., & Huang, S.-T. (2017). Caregivers' oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior toward their children with disabilities. Journal of Dental Sciences, 12(4), 388-395.
  • Mallineni, S. K., & Yiu, C. K. (2016). Dental treatment under general anesthesia for special‐needs patients: Analysis of the literature. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry, 7(4), 325-331.
  • Oancea, R., Amariei, C., Eaton, K., & Widström, E. (2016). The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in European Union member states: Part 5: Romania. British dental journal, 220(7), 361-366.
  • Pegon-Machat, E., Faulks, D., Eaton, K., Widström, E., Hugues, P., & Tubert-Jeannin, S. (2016). The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in EU Member States: France. British dental journal, 220(4), 197-203.
  • Peres, M. A., Macpherson, L. M. D., Weyant, R. J., Daly, B., Venturelli, R., Mathur, M. R., Listl, S., Celeste, R. K., Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C., Kearns, C., Benzian, H., Allison, P., & Watt, R. G. (2019). Oral diseases: A global public health challenge. The Lancet, 394(10194), 249-260.
  • Puteri, M. M., Ruslan, F., & Wibowo, T. B. (2020). Oral health behavior and its association with the caries index in visually impaired children. Spec Care Dentist, 40(1), 79-83.
  • Rocha, L. L., de Lima Saintrain, M. V., & Vieira-Meyer, A. P. G. F. (2015). Access to dental public services by disabled persons. BMC oral health, 15(1), 1-9.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021, Haziran 6). Engelsiz Sağlık İletişim Merkezi ESİM Mobil Uygulaması. https://istanbulism.saglik.gov.tr/TR,52350/engelsiz-saglik-iletisim-merkezi-esim-mobil-uygulamasi.html
  • Sermsuti-anuwat, N., & Pongpanich, S. (2018). Perspectives and experiences of Thai adults using wheelchairs regarding barriers of access to dental services: a mixed methods study. Patient preference and adherence, 12, 1461.
  • Subasi, F., Mumcu, G., Koksal, L., Cimilli, H., & Bitlis, D. (2007). Factors affecting oral health habits among children with cerebral palsy: pilot study. Pediatrics International, 49(6), 853-857.
  • Veiga, N., Pereira, C., Amaral, O., Ferreira, P., & Correia, I. (2015). Oral health education: Community and individual levels of intervention. Ohdm, 14(2), 129-135.
  • Watt, R. G., Daly, B., Allison, P., Macpherson, L. M. D., Venturelli, R., Listl, S., Weyant, R. J., Mathur, M. R., Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C., Celeste, R. K., Peres, M. A., Kearns, C., & Benzian, H. (2019). Ending the neglect of global oral health: Time for radical action. The Lancet, 394(10194), 261-272.
  • Williams, J. J., Spangler, C. C., & Yusaf, N. K. (2015). Barriers to dental care access for patients with special needs in an affluent metropolitan community. Spec Care Dentist, 35(4), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12110
  • Wilson, K. E., Dunn, K., Holmes, R. D., & Delgaty, L. (2019a). Meeting the needs of patients with disabilities: how can we better prepare the new dental graduate? British dental journal, 227(1), 43-48.
  • Wilson, N. J., Lin, Z., Villarosa, A., Lewis, P., Philip, P., Sumar, B., & George, A. (2019b). Countering the poor oral health of people with intellectual and developmental disability: A scoping literature review. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1530.
  • Woods, N., Ahern, S., Burke, F., Eaton, K., & Widström, E. (2017). The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in European Union member states. Part 7: Republic of Ireland. British dental journal, 222(7), 541-548.
  • Zhou, N., Wong, H. M., & McGrath, C. (2019). Oral health and associated factors among preschool children with special healthcare needs. Oral Dis, 25(4), 1221-1228.
  • Ziegler, M. E., & Pilcher, E. (2020). Using the web to increase access to oral health care for patients with special health care needs in South Carolina: A replicable model. Special Care in Dentistry, 40(2), 160-167.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ceren Köksal 0000-0002-5625-6617

İrem Özdemir 0000-0001-9902-128X

Tuğba Emine Beyhan 0000-0003-3021-124X

Şükrü Can Akmansoy 0000-0001-9542-9018

Sertaç Sırma 0000-0003-2069-0427

Bilgehan Doğru 0000-0001-7451-1338

Leyla Köksal 0000-0001-6993-1645

Gülcan Berkel 0000-0002-2466-8967

Ümit Karaçaylı 0000-0001-9588-8898

Gonca Mumcu 0000-0002-2280-2931

Yasemin Özkan 0000-0002-4699-638X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Köksal, C., Özdemir, İ., Beyhan, T. E., Akmansoy, Ş. C., vd. (2021). SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 24(4), 959-970.
AMA Köksal C, Özdemir İ, Beyhan TE, Akmansoy ŞC, Sırma S, Doğru B, Köksal L, Berkel G, Karaçaylı Ü, Mumcu G, Özkan Y. SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ. HSİD. Aralık 2021;24(4):959-970.
Chicago Köksal, Ceren, İrem Özdemir, Tuğba Emine Beyhan, Şükrü Can Akmansoy, Sertaç Sırma, Bilgehan Doğru, Leyla Köksal, Gülcan Berkel, Ümit Karaçaylı, Gonca Mumcu, ve Yasemin Özkan. “SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 24, sy. 4 (Aralık 2021): 959-70.
EndNote Köksal C, Özdemir İ, Beyhan TE, Akmansoy ŞC, Sırma S, Doğru B, Köksal L, Berkel G, Karaçaylı Ü, Mumcu G, Özkan Y (01 Aralık 2021) SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 24 4 959–970.
IEEE C. Köksal, “SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ”, HSİD, c. 24, sy. 4, ss. 959–970, 2021.
ISNAD Köksal, Ceren vd. “SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 24/4 (Aralık 2021), 959-970.
JAMA Köksal C, Özdemir İ, Beyhan TE, Akmansoy ŞC, Sırma S, Doğru B, Köksal L, Berkel G, Karaçaylı Ü, Mumcu G, Özkan Y. SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ. HSİD. 2021;24:959–970.
MLA Köksal, Ceren vd. “SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 4, 2021, ss. 959-70.
Vancouver Köksal C, Özdemir İ, Beyhan TE, Akmansoy ŞC, Sırma S, Doğru B, Köksal L, Berkel G, Karaçaylı Ü, Mumcu G, Özkan Y. SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ENGELLİ VE ÖZEL HİZMET ALIMINA İHTİYAÇ DUYAN BİREYLERDE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ HİZMETLERİNİN YÖNETİMİ. HSİD. 2021;24(4):959-70.