TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİĞİNİN SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 95 - 112, 26.03.2025

Elif Akdemirel

https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1554690

Öz

Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği, belirli bir toplumda yaşayanların cinsiyeti nedeniyle toplum baskısının etkisiyle kaynaklardan eşit olarak yararlanamamasıdır ve çoğunlukla toplumlarda küçük yaşlardan itibaren görülmeye başlar. Ülkelerin, bölgelerin normlarına göre değişen bu eşitsizlikler, doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak sağlıkla ilişkidir. Bu çalışmada amaç, Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programının yayınladığı insani gelişmişlik düzeyi çok yüksek olan ülkeler için toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin sağlık sonuç göstergeleri ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Bu sebeple, 2000-2021 yılları arası ülkelere ait verisi mevcut olan sağlık sonuç göstergelerinden doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi (DBYS), bebek ölüm hızı (BÖH), yeni doğan ölüm hızı (YÖH) ve beş yaş altı ölüm hızının (YAÖH) toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlik göstergesi olan toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlik endeksi (TCEE) ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, panel regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve güçlü derece negatif bir ilişkisi belirlenirken bebek ölüm hızı, yeni doğan bebek ölüm hızı ve beş yaş altı ölüm hızı ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ülkelerin tıbbi müdahalelerin yanında ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine öncelik veren kamu politikalarını oluşturması, yaşam süresinin uzamasında ve çocuk ölüm hızlarının azalmasında etkili olabilir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ile üretkenlik artırılabilir ve gelecek nesiller için daha yaşanabilir bir dünya bırakılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bebek ölüm hızı, doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlik endeksi.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER INEQUALITY AND HEALTH OUTCOMES

Öz

Gender inequality is the inability of people living in a certain society to benefit equally from resources due to social pressure due to their gender, and it often begins to be seen in societies from an young age. These inequalities, which vary according to the norms of countries and regions, are directly or indirectly related to health. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gender inequality and health outcome indicators for countries with very high human development levels published by the United Nations Development Program. For this reason, the relationship between life expectancy at birth (LE), infant mortality rate (IMR), neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR) among the health outcome indicators with available data for countries between 2000-2021 and the gender inequality index (GII), which is the indicator of gender inequality, was examined. Panel regression analysis was applied in the study. As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant and strong negative relationship was determined between gender inequality and life expectancy at birth, while a statistically significant and positive relationship was determined between infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate and under-five mortality rate. In addition to medical interventions, countries can create public policies that prioritize gender equality, which can be effective in increasing life expectancy and reducing child mortality rates. With gender equality for sustainable development, productivity can be increased and a more livable world can be left for future generations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Infant mortality rate, gender inequality, gender inequality index, life expectancy at birth.

Kaynakça

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