EVALUATION OF OECD COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, MORTALITY RATES AND HEALTH EXPENDITURES WITH CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 65 - 80, 26.03.2025

Nazan Kartal

https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1581132

Öz

The objective of this study is to apply cluster analysis to OECD countries in order to identify country groups with similar Human Development Index (HDI), mortality and health expenditure profiles. In order to achieve the aforementioned aim, the research employed a correlation analysis and K-means clustering method to analyse a number of variables for 38 OECD Countries with 2020 data. These included the HDI, maternal, infant and under-five child mortality rates, the share of total health expenditure and the share of public health expenditure. The results demonstrated a significant and positive correlation between HDI and total health expenditure, as well as public health expenditure. Additionally, a negative and strong relationship was observed between HDI and maternal, infant and child mortality rates. The cluster analysis yielded the following results: 13 countries were assigned to cluster 1, 3 to cluster 2, and 13 to cluster 3. Furthermore, it was observed that Colombia, Mexico and Turkey, which are situated within the same cluster, exhibited the lowest HDI and the lowest proportion allocated to health expenditures with the highest maternal, infant and under-five child mortality rates. The results of this study demonstrate that health expenditure is a crucial factor in the progression of the HDI. It is thought that countries with a low HDI can enhance health outcomes by reducing mortality rates and increasing health expenditure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

human development index, health expenditure, mortality, clustering, OECD

OECD ÜLKELERİNİN İNSANİ GELİŞME ENDEKSİ, ÖLÜM ORANLARI VE SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI AÇISINDAN KÜMELEME ANALİZİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, OECD ülkelerine kümeleme analizi uygulayarak İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (HDI), ölüm oranı ve sağlık harcamaları profilleri benzer olan ülke gruplarını belirlemektir. Araştırma kapsamında 38 OECD ülkesi için 2020 yılına ait verilerle HDI, anne, bebek ve beş yaş altı çocuk ölüm oranları, toplam sağlık harcaması payı ve kamu sağlık harcaması payı değişkenleri korelasyon analizi ve K-ortalamalar kümeleme yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. HDI ile toplam sağlık harcamaları ve kamu sağlık harcamaları arasında anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki; HDI ile anne, bebek ve çocuk ölüm oranları arasında ise negatif ve güçlü ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kümeleme analizi sonucunda küme 1'de 13 ülke, küme 2'de 3 ülke ve küme 3'te 13 ülke olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aynı kümede yer alan Kolombiya, Meksika ve Türkiye'nin en düşük HDI ve sağlık harcaması ile en yüksek anne, bebek ve beş yaş altı çocuk ölüm oranlarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçları sağlık harcamalarının HDI gelişimine önemli bir katkısı olduğunu göstermiştir. HDI skoru düşük olan ülkelerin sağlık harcamalarını artırarak ve ölüm oranlarını azaltarak sağlık sonuçlarını iyileştirebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsani Gelişme İndeksi, sağlık harcaması, mortalite, kümeleme, OECD

Kaynakça

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