The Approach of The Social Welfare State to Disabled/Disadvantaged Groups in The Changing World

Yıl 2024, , 265 - 286, 30.08.2024

Ayşe Meral Uzun , Sibel Mehter Aykın

https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.1516011

Öz

Today, the concept of the welfare state has evolved considerably and has begun to cover more functions. Welfare practices, which initially had a relatively limited scope such as ensuring social security and protecting the poor and needy, have constantly expanded to include new functions with economic, social and technological developments. One of the prominent expectations in welfare state practices today is the protection of disabled/disadvantaged groups. 16% of the world's population consists of disabled people. Contemporary developments in working conditions and technologicalopportunities make it possible for disabled/disadvantaged segments to participate more in social life and employment. This trend is also compatible with the goal of employment of the workforce at maximum level, which has been the basis for welfare policies in OECD countries nowadays. Therefore, measures that will ensure greater participation of these groups in employment are necessary for their moral satisfaction, economic development goals and social peace and stability. Welfare state practices will differ according to changing conditions; however, creating a permanent and sustainable life cycle for those who are always much more vulnerable than non-disabled individuals, should be seen primarily as a humanitarian duty. Social state practices are subject to extensive debate in terms of economic efficiency, and it is clear that this will continue. In fact, some of the criticisms are justified. Reviewing welfare practices in terms of effectiveness is a necessity for sustainability. However, the attitude of the social state towards disabled and disadvantaged segments should include human and moral elements as well as economic reasons. This study tries to point out this aspect of the subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Welfare State, Disabled People, Employment of Disabled People, Disadvantaged Groups.

DEĞİŞEN DÜNYADA SOSYAL REFAH DEVLETİNİN ENGELLİ/DEZAVANTAJLI GRUPLARA YAKLAŞIMI

Öz

Refah devleti anlayışı günümüzde hayli evrim geçirmiş ve daha çok işlevle ilişkili hale gelmiştir. Başlangıçta sosyal güvenliğin sağlanması, yoksul ve muhtaç kesimlerin korunması gibi nispeten sınırlı bir kapsama sahip olan refah uygulamaları ekonomik, sosyal ve teknolojik gelişmelerle sürekli yeni işlevler içerecek şekilde genişlemiştir. Günümüzde refah devleti uygulamalarında öne çıkan beklentilerden biri engelli/dezavantajlı kesimlerin korunmasıdır. Dünya nüfusunun %16’sı bu kapsamda yer almaktadır. Günümüzün değişen çalışma koşulları ve teknolojik olanaklar engelli/dezavantajlı kesimlerin toplum hayatına ve istihdama daha fazla katılımını gerektirmektedir. Bu eğilim son dönemlerde OECD ülkelerinde refah politikalarının temelinde yer alan işgücünü maksimum düzeyde istihdama katmak hedefiyle de uyumludur. Dolayısıyla bu grupların istihdama daha fazla katılımını sağlayacak tedbirler hem onların manevi tatmini açısından hem de ekonomik gelişme hedefleri ve toplumsal barış ve istikrar yönünden bir gereklilik olarak görülmelidir. Refah devleti uygulamalarının değişen koşullara göre farklılaştığı ve bunun devam edeceği öngörülebilir; ancak engelsiz bireylere göre her zaman çok daha kırılgan olan kesimler için kalıcı ve sürdürülebilir bir yaşam döngüsünün oluşturulması en başta insani bir vazife olarak görülmelidir. Sosyal devlet uygulamaları ekonomik etkinlik yönüyle geniş tartışmalara konu olmaktadır ve bunun devam edeceği açıktır. Aslında yapılan eleştirilerin bir kısmının haklı yönleri de bulunmaktadır. Refah uygulamalarının etkinlik yönüyle gözden geçirilmesi sürdürülebilirlik açısından bir zorunluluktur; ancak sosyal devletin engelli ve dezavantajlı kesimlere yönelik tutumu ekonomik gerekçeler kadar insani ve manevi unsurları da içermelidir. Bu çalışma konunun bu yönüne işaret etmeye çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Refah devleti, Engelliler, Engelli İstihdamı, Dezavantajlı Gruplar

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma etik beyan gerektirmeyen bir araştırma niteliğindedir.

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