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ÜCRET ÜZERİNDEKİ MALİ YÜKÜMLÜLÜKLERİN İNCELENMESİ: İNGİLTERE, ALMANYA, İSPANYA, ROMANYA

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 10, 114 - 133, 15.12.2015

Öz

Ücret, emek sahibi ve aileleri için gelir, işveren için maliyet, devlet için vergileme kaynağı, küresel ekonomi açısından rekabet gücü göstergesidir. O halde devletin ücretler üzerine yüklediği gelir vergisi, sosyal güvenlik primi ve diğer mali yükümlülüklerin boyutu devleti, çalışanları, ulusal ve uluslararası yatırımcıları yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Bu sebeple çalışmada, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye ülkeler arasında İngiltere, Almanya, İspanya ve Romanya’da ücretler üzerindeki gelir vergisi, sosyal güvenlik primleri ve diğer ek vergi ve yükümlülükler, hukuki mevzuat ve oranlar bağlamında incelenmektedir. Bu ülkelerdeki gelir vergisi tarifeleri ve en az geçim indirimi düzenlemeleri, ücret geliri üzerinden alınan diğer vergiler, sosyal güvenlik primleri ve sosyal güvenlik hizmetlerinin finansmanı konuları değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇA
  • AILO. The Expatriate Financial Guide To Germany, Association Of International Li-fe Offices, January 2011.
  • BBC, “German catholics lose church rights for unpaid tax”, 24 September 2012, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19699581, (02.11.2015).
  • Çiçek, S. (2013), “Asgari ve Ortalama Ücret Üzerindeki Kamusal Yüklerin İnce-lenmesi: Türkiye ve Bazı Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri”, Hak-İş Uluslar arası Emek ve Top-lum Dergisi, Cilt:2, Sayı:3, 146-170.
  • Çiçek, S. Ücretler Üzerindeki Kamusal Yüklerin İncelenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkeler Karşılaştırması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bi-limler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2013.
  • EUROPEAN TAXATION DATABASE, “Taxes in Europe” Database, European Com-mission's Taxation and Customs Union Directorate-General.
  • GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA. IRPF, Personal Income Tax, Barcelona, 2008.
  • HM TREASURY (a), “Income Tax Rates and Personal Allowances”, https://www.gov.uk/income-tax-rates, (04.10.2015).
  • HM TREASURY (b), “Income Tax rates and allowances: current and past”, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-income-tax/income-tax-rates-and-allowances-current-and-past, (04.10.2015).
  • HMRC-b, “Rates and allowances: National insurance contributions”, Guidance, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-national-insurance-contributions/rates-and-allowances-national-insurance-contributions
  • HOUSE OF COMMONS. “The Contributory Principle, The Relationship Between Tax And National Insurance”, Social Security-Fifth Report, 7 June 2000. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmsocsec/56/ 5605.htm, (12.01.2011).
  • IBFD. European Tax Handbook 2009, Ed. Juhani KESTI, IBFD Global Tax Series, 2009.
  • IBFD. European Tax Handbook 2010, Ed. Ola van BOEIJEN-OSTASZEWSKA, IBFD Global Tax Series, 2010.
  • MISSOC Database. Comparative Tables on Social Protection, European Commis-sion's Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion.
  • PWC. Expatriate’s Tax Guide To Romania, Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2011.
  • PWC-a, “Germany: Individual – Taxes on personal income”, http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/uk/taxsummaries/wwts.nsf/ID/Germany-Individual-Taxes-on-personal-income, (02.11.2015).
  • PWC-b, “Spain: Individual- Taxes of personal income, http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/uk/taxsummaries/wwts.nsf/ID/Spain-Individual-Taxes-on-personal-income, (02.11.2015).
  • WWKN, “Solidarity Surcharge”, http://wwkn.de/en/about-german-taxes/solidarity-surcharge-solidaritaetszuschlag/, (02.11.2015).

EXAMINATION OF FINANCIAL LIABILITIES ON WAGE INCOME: UNITED KINGDOM, GERMANY, SPAIN, ROMANIA

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 10, 114 - 133, 15.12.2015

Öz

Wage is income for labor owners and their families, cost for employers, taxation source for the state and an indication in terms of competitiveness of the global economy. So the size of income tax, social security contributions, and other financial obligations that the state imposed on wages closely concern state, employees, national and international investors. Therefore in the study, in the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain and Romania, among European Union member countries, income tax, social security contributions and other additional taxes and liabilities on wages are analyzed in the context of legal regulations and rates. Income tax rates, minimum living allowance regulations, other taxes levied on wage income, social security contributions and financing of social security services are subject to evaluation in these countries. 

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇA
  • AILO. The Expatriate Financial Guide To Germany, Association Of International Li-fe Offices, January 2011.
  • BBC, “German catholics lose church rights for unpaid tax”, 24 September 2012, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19699581, (02.11.2015).
  • Çiçek, S. (2013), “Asgari ve Ortalama Ücret Üzerindeki Kamusal Yüklerin İnce-lenmesi: Türkiye ve Bazı Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri”, Hak-İş Uluslar arası Emek ve Top-lum Dergisi, Cilt:2, Sayı:3, 146-170.
  • Çiçek, S. Ücretler Üzerindeki Kamusal Yüklerin İncelenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkeler Karşılaştırması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bi-limler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2013.
  • EUROPEAN TAXATION DATABASE, “Taxes in Europe” Database, European Com-mission's Taxation and Customs Union Directorate-General.
  • GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA. IRPF, Personal Income Tax, Barcelona, 2008.
  • HM TREASURY (a), “Income Tax Rates and Personal Allowances”, https://www.gov.uk/income-tax-rates, (04.10.2015).
  • HM TREASURY (b), “Income Tax rates and allowances: current and past”, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-income-tax/income-tax-rates-and-allowances-current-and-past, (04.10.2015).
  • HMRC-b, “Rates and allowances: National insurance contributions”, Guidance, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-national-insurance-contributions/rates-and-allowances-national-insurance-contributions
  • HOUSE OF COMMONS. “The Contributory Principle, The Relationship Between Tax And National Insurance”, Social Security-Fifth Report, 7 June 2000. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmsocsec/56/ 5605.htm, (12.01.2011).
  • IBFD. European Tax Handbook 2009, Ed. Juhani KESTI, IBFD Global Tax Series, 2009.
  • IBFD. European Tax Handbook 2010, Ed. Ola van BOEIJEN-OSTASZEWSKA, IBFD Global Tax Series, 2010.
  • MISSOC Database. Comparative Tables on Social Protection, European Commis-sion's Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion.
  • PWC. Expatriate’s Tax Guide To Romania, Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2011.
  • PWC-a, “Germany: Individual – Taxes on personal income”, http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/uk/taxsummaries/wwts.nsf/ID/Germany-Individual-Taxes-on-personal-income, (02.11.2015).
  • PWC-b, “Spain: Individual- Taxes of personal income, http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/uk/taxsummaries/wwts.nsf/ID/Spain-Individual-Taxes-on-personal-income, (02.11.2015).
  • WWKN, “Solidarity Surcharge”, http://wwkn.de/en/about-german-taxes/solidarity-surcharge-solidaritaetszuschlag/, (02.11.2015).
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Serdar Çiçek

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Çiçek, S. (2015). ÜCRET ÜZERİNDEKİ MALİ YÜKÜMLÜLÜKLERİN İNCELENMESİ: İNGİLTERE, ALMANYA, İSPANYA, ROMANYA. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek Ve Toplum Dergisi, 4(10), 114-133.