Doğrudan ekim makinalarında farklı tek diskli tip gömücü ayakların çizi profili ve etki eden kuvvetler yönünden karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, , 345 - 356, 21.06.2024

Yusuf Aydın , Ahmet Çelik , Mehmet Zahid Malaslı

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1447573

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğrudan ekim makinalarında kullanılan farklı tek diskli tip gömücü ayakların, farklı toprak nem içeriklerinde, toprak sıkışma seviyelerinde ve ekim derinliklerinde, çizi profiline ve disklere etki eden kuvvetler üzerindeki etkisini toprak kanalında incelemektir. Faktörler arasında düz, kertikli, dalgalı, konkav, yivli tip disk açıcılar, iki toprak nem seviyesi (%12-18), iki toprak sıkıştırma seviyesi (2-3 MPa) ve iki ekim derinliği (50-75 mm) yer almaktadır. Sonuçlara göre, düz, kertikli ve yivli disklerin minimum düşey, yan ve çeki kuvvetlerine sahip olduğu, dalgalı tip diskin ise maksimum düşey kuvvet, çekme kuvveti ve yan kuvvete sahip olduğu ve konkav tip disklerin ise en yüksek yan kuvvete sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Tüm gömücü ayakların düşey, çekme ve yan kuvvet gereksinimlerinin gevşek, az nem içeriğine sahip topraklarda daha düşük, buna karşılık; sıkıştırılmış, yüksek nem içeriğine sahip topraklarda daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Yivli, konkav ve dalgalı tip disklerin sırasıyla özgül düşey, özgül çekme ve özgül yan kuvvetler açısından en iyi sonuçları verdiği tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek çizi kesit alanı dalgalı diskte elde edilmiş olup, bu gömücü ayağı konkav, kertikli, yivli ve düz tip çizi açıcılar izlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğrudan ekim, diskli tip gömücü ayak, çizi profili, toprak sıkışıklığı, toprak kanalı

Comparison of various single-disc type furrow openers used in no-till seeders in terms of furrow properties and acting forces

Öz

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of various single-disc type furrow openers used in no-till seeders on furrow aspects and forces acting on the discs at various soil moisture contents, soil compaction levels, and seeding depths in soil bin. Factors included plain, notched, wavy, concave, and fluted types of disc coulters, two soil moisture levels (12-18%), two soil compaction levels (2-3 MPa), and two seeding depths (50-75 mm). According to the results, the plain, notched, and fluted type discs had the lowest vertical, draft, and side force, while the wavy type disc had the maximum vertical force, draft force, and side force and the concave type disc had the highest side force. The vertical, draft, and side force requirements of all furrow openers were found to be lower in loose soils with low moisture content and greater in compacted soils with high moisture content. Fluted, concave, and wavy-type discs produced the best results in terms of the specific vertical, specific draft, and specific side forces, respectively. While the highest furrow cross-sectional area was obtained in the wavy disc, this furrow opener was followed by concave, notched, fluted, and plain-type furrow openers, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

No-till, disc type furrow opener, furrow profile, soil compaction, soil bin

Kaynakça

• Abu-Hamdeh, N.H., & Reeder, R.C. (2003). A nonlinear 3D finite element analysis of the soil forces acting on a disk plow. Soil Tillage Research, 74, 115-124.
• Afify, M., Kushwaha, R., & Gerein, M. (1998). Effect of combined disc angles on soil forces of coulter discs. In: 2001 ASAE Annual Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, pp. 1.
• Ahmad, F., Weimin, D., Qishou, D., Rehim, A., & Jabran, K. (2017). Comparative performance of various disc-type furrow openers in no-till paddy field conditions. Sustainability, 9, 1143.
• Ahmad, F., Weimin, D., Qishuo, D., Hussain, M., & Jabran, K. (2015). Forces and straw cutting performance of double disc furrow opener in no-till paddy soil. Plos one, 10, e0119648.
• Altikat, S., Celik, A., & Gozubuyuk, Z. (2013). Effects of various no-till seeders and stubble conditions on sowing performance and seed emergence of common vetch. Soil Tillage Research, 126, 72-77.
• Aminzadeh, R. (2014). Modified Design of a Precision Planter For a Robotic Assistant Farmer. MSc Thesis. Saskatchewan University, Saskatoon, Canada.
• Armin, A. (2014). Mechanics of soil-blade interaction. PhD Thesis. Saskatchewan University, Saskatoon, Canada.
• Armin, A., Fotouhi, R., & Szyszkowski, W. (2017). Experimental and finite element analysis for mechanics of soil-tool interaction. International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, 11, 433-439.
• ASABE (2013). ASABE Standard S477.1: Terminology for Soil-Engaging Components for Conservation-Tillage Planters, Drills and Seeders. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI.
• ASABE (2015). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, ASABE Standard S526.4: Soil and Water Terminology. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
• Bianchini, A., & Magalhaes, P. (2008). Evaluation of coulters for cutting sugar cane residue in a soil bin. Biosystems Engineering, 100, 370-375.
• Çelik, A. (2009). The factors affecting performance of direct seeding machines. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 40, 101-108.
• Conte, O., Levien, R., Trein, C.R., Xavier, A.A.P., & Debiasi, H. (2009). Draft power requirement, soil mobilization in sowing lines and soybean yield in no-tillage. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 44, 1254-1261.
• Darmora, D., & Pandey, K. (1995). Evaluation of performance of furrow openers of combined seed and fertiliser drills. Soil Tillage Research, 34, 127-139.
• Doan, V., Chen, Y., & Irvine, B. (2005). Effect of residue type on the performance of no-till seeder openers. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 47, 29-35.
• Francetto, T.R., Alonço, A.D.S., Brandelero, C., Machado, O.D.D.C., Veit, A.A., & Carpes, D.P. (2016). Disturbance of Ultisol soil based on interactions between furrow openers and coulters for the no-tillage system. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 14, e0208-e0208.
• Hasimu, A., & Chen, Y. (2014). Soil disturbance and draft force of selected seed openers. Soil Tillage Research, 140, 48-54.
• Jester, W., & Klik, A. (2005). Soil surface roughness measurement methods, applicability, and surface representation. Catena, 64, 174-192.
• Karayel, D., & Özmerzi, A. (2007). Comparison of vertical and lateral seed distribution of furrow openers using a new criterion. Soil Tillage Research, 95, 69-75.
• Karayel, D., & Özmerzİ, A. (2006). Effect of furrow openers on furrow profile and soil disturbance. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 19, 279-287.
• Karayel, D., & Šarauskis, E. (2011). Effect of down force on the performance of no-till disc furrow openers for clay-loam and loamy soils. Agricultural Engineering Research Papers, 43, 16-24.
• Kushwaha, R., Vaishnav, A., & Zoerb, G. (1986). Performance of powered-disc coulters under no-till crop residue in the soil bin. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 28, 85-90.
• Lisowski, A., Klonowski, J., Green, O., Świętochowski, A., Sypuła, M., Strużyk, A., Nowakowski, T., Chlebowski, J., Kamiński, J., & Kostyra, K. (2016). Duckfoot tools connected with flexible and stiff tines: Three components of resistances and soil disturbance. Soil Tillage Research, 158, 76-90.
• Magalhães, P.S.G., Bianchini, A., & Braunbeck, O.A. (2007). Simulated and experimental analyses of a toothed rolling coulter for cutting crop residues. Biosystems Engineering, 96, 193-200.
• Magana, S.C., Rico, D.M., & Wills, B. (1994). Kinematics of Notched Disc Coulters, ASAE Paper No. 941009. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
• Malasli, M. Z., & Celik, A. (2019). Disc angle and tilt angle effects on forces acting on a single-disc type no-till seeder opener. Soil and Tillage Research, 194, 104304.
• McKyes, E. (1985). Soil cutting and tillage, Development in Agricultural Engineering Volume 7; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• Murray, J.R., Tullberg, J.N., & Basnet, B.B. (2006). Planters and Their Components: Types,Attributes, Functional Requirements, Classification and Description. ACIARMonograph No. 121. Elect Printing, Canberra, AU.
• Ov, R., Koller, K., Ros, V., Drocaş, I., & Marian, O. (2008). Study Regarding The Forces That Occurs In A No-Till Technology Process In Relation With Geometrical Parameters Of The Coulter Discs. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 65.
• Santos, A.J.M., Gamero, C.A., Backes, C., Salomão, L.C., & Bicudo, S.J. (2010). Desempenho de discos de corte de semeadora-adubadora em diferentes quantidades de cobertura vegetal. Energia na Agricultura, 25, 17-30.
• Seidi, E., Abdollahpour, S., Javadi, A., & Moghaddam, M. (2010). Effects of novel disk-type furrow opener used in no-tillage system on micro environment of seed. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 5, 1-6.
• Tajuddin, A., & Balasubramanium, M. (1995). Comparative performance of different types of furrow openers. Agric. Mech. Asia Africa Latin Am. (AMA), 26 (2), 18–20
• Troger, H.C., Reis, Â.V.D., Machado, A.L., & Machado, R.L. (2012). Analyzing the efforts in furrow openers used in low power planters. Engenharia Agrícola, 32, 1133-1143.
• Zeng, Z., Thoms, D., Chen, Y., & Ma, X. (2021). Comparison of soil and corn residue cutting performance of different discs used for vertical tillage. Scientific Reports, 11, 2537.
• Zhang, Y. (2016). On the Mechanics of Disc-Soil-Planter Interaction. MSc thesis. Saskatchewan University, Saskatoon, Canada.