Araştırma Makalesi
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Bazı Zeytin Çeşidi Yapraklarındaki Flavanol Miktarına Ağaç Yaşı, Çeşit ve Sulamanın Etkisi

Yıl 2017, , 177 - 184, 19.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.321145

Öz

Flavonoitler kimyasal yapıları ve
biyolojik fonksiyonlarından dolayı bitki fizyolojisi ve sağlık açısından önemli
bir gruptur. Bitkilerde bu bileşiklerin miktarı ve kompozisyonu yetiştirme
tekniğine, çeşide, yetiştirildiği ekolojiye, sulamaya ve ürünün işleme
şekillerine göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Zeytin bitkisinde bu maddelerin
birçoğu sentezlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sulanan ve sulanmayan koşullarda iki
farklı zeytin çeşidinin (Kilis Yağlık ve Gemlik) ve farklı yaşlardaki Kilis
Yağlık çeşidi yapraklarının flavanol içerikleri yıl boyunca incelenerek çeşit,
sulama ve yaş faktörlerinin etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre Kilis Yağlık zeytin çeşidi yaprakları Gemlik zeytin çeşidi
yapraklarına göre daha fazla flavanol içermektedir. Yaş faktörünün yapraklarda
flavanol içeriğine önemli bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. Sulamanın etkisi yönünden
değerlendirildiğinde ise sulanmayan koşullarda yapraklarda daha fazla flavanol
sentezlenmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Hameed, E.S.S., 2009. Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity of certain Egyptian Ficus species leaf samples. Food Chemistry, 114(4): 1271-1277.
  • Aninbon, C., Jogloy, S., Vorasoot, N., Patanothai, A., Nuchadomrong, S., Senawong, T., 2016. Effect of end of season water deficit on phenolic compounds in peanut genotypes with different levels of resistance to drought. Food Chemistry, 196: 123-129.
  • Coskun, T., 2005. Fonksiyonel Besinlerin Sağlığımız Üzerine Etkileri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 48: 69-84.
  • Dixon, R.A., Paiva, N., 1995. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 7: 1085-1097.
  • Doğan, M., 2005. Ceratophyllum demersum L.’de kadmiyum klorür, sodyum klorür ve bunların kombinasyonlarının fizyolojik ve morfolojik etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, 137s.
  • Gharibi, S., Tabatabaei, B.E.S., Saeidi, G., Goli, S.A.H., 2016. Effect of drought stress on total phenolic, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of Achillea species. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 178(4): 796-809.
  • Gomez-Alonso, S., Salvador, M.D., Fregapane, G., 2002. Phenolic compounds profile of Cornicabra virgin olive oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(23): 6812-6817.
  • Hollman, P.C.H., Buysman, M.P., Van Gameren, Y., Cnossen, E., de Vries, J., Katan, M., 1999. The sugar moiety is a major determinant of the absorption of dietary flavonoid glycosides in man. Free Radical Research, 31: 569–573.
  • Hollman, P.C.H., Hertog, M.G.L., Katan, M.B., 1996. Analysis and health effects of flavonoids. Food Chemistry, 57(1): 43-46.
  • Justesen, U., Knuthsen, P., Leth, T., 1998. Quantitative analysis of flavonols, flavones, and flavonones in fruits, vegetables and beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 799: 101-110.
  • Kabiri, R., Nasibi, F., Farahbakhsh, H., 2014. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on some physiological parameters and alleviation of drought stress in Nigella sativa plant under hydroponic culture. Plant Protection Science, 50(1): 43-51.
  • Kalua, C.M., Allen, M.S., Bedgood, D.R., Bishop, A.G., Prenzler, P.D., 2005. Discrimination of olive oils and fruits into cultivars and maturity stages based on phenolic and volatile compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(20): 8054-8062.
  • Kaplan, M., Arıhan, S.K., 2017. Antikçağdan Günümüze Bir Şifa Kaynağı: Zeytin ve Zeytinyağının Halk Tıbbında Kullanımı. DTCF Dergisi, 52(2): 1-15.
  • Kumaran, A., Karunakaran, R.J., 2007. Activity-guided isolation and identification of free radical-scavenging components from an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry, 100: 356-361.
  • Naczk, M., Shahidi, F., 2004. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A, 1054 (1-2): 95-111.
  • Nouraei, S., Rahimmalek, M., Saeidi, G., Bahreininejad, B., 2016. Variation in seed oil content and fatty acid composition of globe artichoke under different irrigation regimes. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(7): 953-962.
  • Peterson, J., Dwyer, J., 1998. Flavonoids, dietary occurrence and biochemical activity. Nutrition Research, 18(12): 1995-2018.
  • Popovic, B.M., Stajner, D., Zdero-Pavlovic, R., Tumbas-Saponjac, V., Canadanovic-Brunet, J., Orlovic, S., 2016. Water stress induces changes in polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity in poplar plants (Populus spp.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 105: 242-250.
  • Quan, N.T., Anh, L.H., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Toan, N.P., Minh, T.N., Trung, K.H., 2016. Involvement of Secondary Metabolites in Response to Drought Stress of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agriculture, 6(2): 23.
  • Ranalli, A., Contento, S., Lucera, L., Di Febo, M., Marchegiani, D., Di Fonzo, V., 2006. Factors affecting the contents of iridoid oleuropein in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(2): 434–440.
  • Ranalli, A., Contento, S., Schiavone, C., Simone, N., 2001. Malaxing temperature affects volatile and phenol composition as well as other analytical features of virgin olive oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 103(4): 228-238.
  • Rasmussen, S.E., 2004. Flavonoids and Cardiovascular Disease. “Alınmıştır: Functional Foods, In Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, (Ed) A. Arnoldi, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Cambridge, England, 157-179pp.
  • Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., Paganga, G., 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science, 2(4): 152-159.
  • Robards, K., Antolovich, M., 1997. Analytical chemistry of fruit bioflavonoids: A review. The Analyst, 3: 122-130.
  • Rosignoli, P., Fuccelli, R., Sepporta, M.V., Fabiani, R., 2016. In vitro chemo-preventive activities of hydroxytyrosol: the main phenolic compound present in extra-virgin olive oil. Food and Function, 7(1): 301-307.
  • Rosillo, M.A., Sanchez‐Hidalgo, M., Gonzalez‐Benjumea, A., Fernandez‐Bolanos, J.G., Lubberts, E., Alarcon‐de‐la‐Lastra, C., 2015. Preventive effects of dietary hydroxytyrosol acetate, an extra virgin olive oil polyphenol in murine collagen‐induced arthritis. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 59(12): 2537-2546.
  • Ruiz, J.M., Romero, L., 2001. Bioactivity of the phenolic compounds in higher plants. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 25: 651-681.
  • Shafiq, S., Akram, N.A., Ashraf, M., Arshad, A., 2014. Synergistic effects of drought and ascorbic acid on growth, mineral nutrients and oxidative defense system in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36(6): 1539-1553.
  • Shi, H., Noguchi, N., Niki, E., 2001. Introducing Natural Antioxidants. “Alınmıştır: In Antioxidants in Food, Practical Applications, (Ed) Pokorny, J., Yanishlieva, N., Gordon, M., CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Cambridge, England, 147-155pp.
  • Sifaoui, I., Lopez-Arencibia, A., Martín-Navarro, C.M., Chammem, N., Mejri, M., Lorenzo-Morales, J., Pinero, J.E., 2013. Activity assessment of Tunisian olive leaf extracts against the trophozoite stage of Acanthamoeba. Parasitology Research, 112(8): 2825-2829.
  • Stagnari, F., Galieni, A., Speca, S., Pisante, M., 2014. Water stress effects on growth, yield and quality traits of red beet. Scientia Horticulturae, 165: 13-22.
  • Tovar, M.J., Motilva, M.J., Romero, M.P., 2001. Changes in the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil from young trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Arbequina) grown under linear irrigation strategies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(11): 5502-5508.
  • Tura, D., Gigliotti, C., Pedò, S., Failla, O., Bassi, D., Serraiocco, A., 2007. Influence of cultivar and site of cultivation on levels of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in virgin olive oils (Olea europaea L.) and correlations with oxidative stability. Scientia Horticulturae, 112(1): 108-119.
  • Turan, E., 2005. Sarı Ulak Tarsus Zeytin ve Siyah Çaydan Elde Edilen Fenolik Ekstraktların Antioksidan Etkilerinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, 49s.
  • Varela, M.C., Arslan, I., Reginato, M.A., Cenzano, A. M., Luna, M.V., 2016. Phenolic compounds as indicators of drought resistance in shrubs from Patagonian shrublands (Argentina). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 104: 81-91.
  • Vinha, A.F., Ferreres, F., Silva, B.M., Valentao, P., Gonçalves, A., Pereira, J.A., Andrade, P.B., 2005. Phenolic profiles of Portuguese olive fruits (Olea europaea L.): Influences of cultivar and geographical origin. Food Chemistry, 89(4): 561-568.
  • Virgili, F., Scaccini, C., Packer, L., Rimbach, G., 2003. Nutritional Phenolics and Cardiovascular Disease. “Alınmıştır: In Phytochemical Functional Foods, (Ed) I. Johnson, G. Williamson, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Cambridge, England, 5-14pp.

Effects of Tree Age, Cultivar and Irrigation on Flavanol Content of Some Olive Cultivar Leaves

Yıl 2017, , 177 - 184, 19.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.321145

Öz

Flavonoids are the important groups in
terms of plant physiology and health due to their chemical structure and
biological functions. The amount and composition of these compounds in plants vary
according to  growth techniques,
cultivar, plant growing ecology, irrigation and crop processes. In this study,
flavanol contents of leaves were examined throughout the year in two different
olive cultivars (Kilis Yağlık and Gemlik) and Kilis Yağlık variety at different
ages to determine the effects of variety, irrigation and age factors on irrigated
and irrigated conditions. According to research results, flavanol content of
Kilis Yağlık cultivar leaves were contain more flavanols in terms of compared
to Gemlik cultivar. There was no important effect of the age factor on flavanol
content in leaves. Considering the effect of irrigation, flavanols were more
synthesized in leaves on non-irrigated conditions.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Hameed, E.S.S., 2009. Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity of certain Egyptian Ficus species leaf samples. Food Chemistry, 114(4): 1271-1277.
  • Aninbon, C., Jogloy, S., Vorasoot, N., Patanothai, A., Nuchadomrong, S., Senawong, T., 2016. Effect of end of season water deficit on phenolic compounds in peanut genotypes with different levels of resistance to drought. Food Chemistry, 196: 123-129.
  • Coskun, T., 2005. Fonksiyonel Besinlerin Sağlığımız Üzerine Etkileri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 48: 69-84.
  • Dixon, R.A., Paiva, N., 1995. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 7: 1085-1097.
  • Doğan, M., 2005. Ceratophyllum demersum L.’de kadmiyum klorür, sodyum klorür ve bunların kombinasyonlarının fizyolojik ve morfolojik etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, 137s.
  • Gharibi, S., Tabatabaei, B.E.S., Saeidi, G., Goli, S.A.H., 2016. Effect of drought stress on total phenolic, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of Achillea species. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 178(4): 796-809.
  • Gomez-Alonso, S., Salvador, M.D., Fregapane, G., 2002. Phenolic compounds profile of Cornicabra virgin olive oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(23): 6812-6817.
  • Hollman, P.C.H., Buysman, M.P., Van Gameren, Y., Cnossen, E., de Vries, J., Katan, M., 1999. The sugar moiety is a major determinant of the absorption of dietary flavonoid glycosides in man. Free Radical Research, 31: 569–573.
  • Hollman, P.C.H., Hertog, M.G.L., Katan, M.B., 1996. Analysis and health effects of flavonoids. Food Chemistry, 57(1): 43-46.
  • Justesen, U., Knuthsen, P., Leth, T., 1998. Quantitative analysis of flavonols, flavones, and flavonones in fruits, vegetables and beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 799: 101-110.
  • Kabiri, R., Nasibi, F., Farahbakhsh, H., 2014. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on some physiological parameters and alleviation of drought stress in Nigella sativa plant under hydroponic culture. Plant Protection Science, 50(1): 43-51.
  • Kalua, C.M., Allen, M.S., Bedgood, D.R., Bishop, A.G., Prenzler, P.D., 2005. Discrimination of olive oils and fruits into cultivars and maturity stages based on phenolic and volatile compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(20): 8054-8062.
  • Kaplan, M., Arıhan, S.K., 2017. Antikçağdan Günümüze Bir Şifa Kaynağı: Zeytin ve Zeytinyağının Halk Tıbbında Kullanımı. DTCF Dergisi, 52(2): 1-15.
  • Kumaran, A., Karunakaran, R.J., 2007. Activity-guided isolation and identification of free radical-scavenging components from an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry, 100: 356-361.
  • Naczk, M., Shahidi, F., 2004. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A, 1054 (1-2): 95-111.
  • Nouraei, S., Rahimmalek, M., Saeidi, G., Bahreininejad, B., 2016. Variation in seed oil content and fatty acid composition of globe artichoke under different irrigation regimes. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(7): 953-962.
  • Peterson, J., Dwyer, J., 1998. Flavonoids, dietary occurrence and biochemical activity. Nutrition Research, 18(12): 1995-2018.
  • Popovic, B.M., Stajner, D., Zdero-Pavlovic, R., Tumbas-Saponjac, V., Canadanovic-Brunet, J., Orlovic, S., 2016. Water stress induces changes in polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity in poplar plants (Populus spp.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 105: 242-250.
  • Quan, N.T., Anh, L.H., Khang, D.T., Tuyen, P.T., Toan, N.P., Minh, T.N., Trung, K.H., 2016. Involvement of Secondary Metabolites in Response to Drought Stress of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agriculture, 6(2): 23.
  • Ranalli, A., Contento, S., Lucera, L., Di Febo, M., Marchegiani, D., Di Fonzo, V., 2006. Factors affecting the contents of iridoid oleuropein in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(2): 434–440.
  • Ranalli, A., Contento, S., Schiavone, C., Simone, N., 2001. Malaxing temperature affects volatile and phenol composition as well as other analytical features of virgin olive oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 103(4): 228-238.
  • Rasmussen, S.E., 2004. Flavonoids and Cardiovascular Disease. “Alınmıştır: Functional Foods, In Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, (Ed) A. Arnoldi, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Cambridge, England, 157-179pp.
  • Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., Paganga, G., 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science, 2(4): 152-159.
  • Robards, K., Antolovich, M., 1997. Analytical chemistry of fruit bioflavonoids: A review. The Analyst, 3: 122-130.
  • Rosignoli, P., Fuccelli, R., Sepporta, M.V., Fabiani, R., 2016. In vitro chemo-preventive activities of hydroxytyrosol: the main phenolic compound present in extra-virgin olive oil. Food and Function, 7(1): 301-307.
  • Rosillo, M.A., Sanchez‐Hidalgo, M., Gonzalez‐Benjumea, A., Fernandez‐Bolanos, J.G., Lubberts, E., Alarcon‐de‐la‐Lastra, C., 2015. Preventive effects of dietary hydroxytyrosol acetate, an extra virgin olive oil polyphenol in murine collagen‐induced arthritis. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 59(12): 2537-2546.
  • Ruiz, J.M., Romero, L., 2001. Bioactivity of the phenolic compounds in higher plants. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 25: 651-681.
  • Shafiq, S., Akram, N.A., Ashraf, M., Arshad, A., 2014. Synergistic effects of drought and ascorbic acid on growth, mineral nutrients and oxidative defense system in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36(6): 1539-1553.
  • Shi, H., Noguchi, N., Niki, E., 2001. Introducing Natural Antioxidants. “Alınmıştır: In Antioxidants in Food, Practical Applications, (Ed) Pokorny, J., Yanishlieva, N., Gordon, M., CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Cambridge, England, 147-155pp.
  • Sifaoui, I., Lopez-Arencibia, A., Martín-Navarro, C.M., Chammem, N., Mejri, M., Lorenzo-Morales, J., Pinero, J.E., 2013. Activity assessment of Tunisian olive leaf extracts against the trophozoite stage of Acanthamoeba. Parasitology Research, 112(8): 2825-2829.
  • Stagnari, F., Galieni, A., Speca, S., Pisante, M., 2014. Water stress effects on growth, yield and quality traits of red beet. Scientia Horticulturae, 165: 13-22.
  • Tovar, M.J., Motilva, M.J., Romero, M.P., 2001. Changes in the phenolic composition of virgin olive oil from young trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Arbequina) grown under linear irrigation strategies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(11): 5502-5508.
  • Tura, D., Gigliotti, C., Pedò, S., Failla, O., Bassi, D., Serraiocco, A., 2007. Influence of cultivar and site of cultivation on levels of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in virgin olive oils (Olea europaea L.) and correlations with oxidative stability. Scientia Horticulturae, 112(1): 108-119.
  • Turan, E., 2005. Sarı Ulak Tarsus Zeytin ve Siyah Çaydan Elde Edilen Fenolik Ekstraktların Antioksidan Etkilerinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, 49s.
  • Varela, M.C., Arslan, I., Reginato, M.A., Cenzano, A. M., Luna, M.V., 2016. Phenolic compounds as indicators of drought resistance in shrubs from Patagonian shrublands (Argentina). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 104: 81-91.
  • Vinha, A.F., Ferreres, F., Silva, B.M., Valentao, P., Gonçalves, A., Pereira, J.A., Andrade, P.B., 2005. Phenolic profiles of Portuguese olive fruits (Olea europaea L.): Influences of cultivar and geographical origin. Food Chemistry, 89(4): 561-568.
  • Virgili, F., Scaccini, C., Packer, L., Rimbach, G., 2003. Nutritional Phenolics and Cardiovascular Disease. “Alınmıştır: In Phytochemical Functional Foods, (Ed) I. Johnson, G. Williamson, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Cambridge, England, 5-14pp.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri (HTGBD)
Yazarlar

Hakan Çetinkaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetinkaya, H. (2017). Bazı Zeytin Çeşidi Yapraklarındaki Flavanol Miktarına Ağaç Yaşı, Çeşit ve Sulamanın Etkisi. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.321145

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