Pistacia türlerinin tohum çimlenmesi üzerine dinlenme azaltıcı uygulamaların etkileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 206 - 210, 18.06.2019

Halil Yaşar İzzet Açar

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.445109

Öz

TBu
çalışma, katlama, sülfürik asitle aşındırma, kavlatma ve GA₃
uygulamalarını içeren farklı tohum dinlenmesini azaltıcı uygulamaların,
antepfıstığına anaç olarak kullanılan Pistacia
türlerinin (Pistacia vera-Kırmızı ve
Siirt çeşitleri, P. khinjuk-A, P. khinjuk-B, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus
ve P. mutica) tohum çimlenmesi
üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada kullanılan
tohum dinlenmesini azaltıcı uygulamalar; kabuklu (kontrol), kabuklu + GA₃,
kavlak, kavlak + GA₃,
sülfürik asitle aşındırma ve sülfürik asitle aşındırma + GA₃’tür.
Denemede kullanılan Pistacia türlerinin tohumları, tohum dinlenmesini azaltıcı uygulamalardan sonra +4 °C’de 50
gün katlamaya alınmıştır. Katlamadan çıkarılan tohumlar, serada içerisine torf
doldurulmuş viyollere ekilmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme oranı, P. khinjuk-A’da sülfürik asitle aşındırma uygulamasından elde edilmiş (%96.7) ve bunu P. vera-Kırmızı ile P. mutica’da kavlatma uygulaması izlemiştir (%94.6 ve %93.2). En
düşük tohum çimlenmesi ise P. mutica’nın
kabuklu + GA₃ uygulamasında (%6.7) görülmüştür.  Pistacia
türlerinin tohum çimlenmesi tür bazında incelendiğinde, en yüksek çimlenme P. vera-Kırmızı çeşidinde görülmüş ve
bunu P. khinjuk-B takip etmiştir. En
düşük çimlenme oranı ise P. atlantica’da
belirlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

GA3, Pistacia türleri, Katlama, Asitle aşındırma, Tohum çimlenmesi

Effects of dormancy-breaking treatments on seed germination of Pistacia species

Öz

This study was carried out to
determine the effects of different dormancy-breaking treatments including
stratification, sulfuric acid scarification, dehulling and gibberellic acid
(GA3), on seed germination of different Pistacia
species e.g. Pistacia vera cv.
Kırmızı, Pistacia vera cv. Siirt, P. khinjuk-A, P. khinjuk-B, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus and P. mutica using as rootstock for pistachio trees. Seed dormancy-breaking
treatments were shelled (control), shelled + GA₃, dehulled, dehulled
+ GA₃, Sulfuric acid scarification and sulfuric acid scarification +
GA₃ applications in the experiment. The seeds of Pistacia species were stratified at 4 °C
for 50 days after the dormancy-breaking treatments. Stratified seeds were sown
in the seedling viols filled with peat in the greenhouse to determine the
germination percentage. The highest germination rate was obtained from sulfuric
acid scarification in P. khinjuk-A (96.7%),
and followed by dehulled application of P.
vera cv. Kırmızı and P. mutica
species with 94.6% and 93.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest seed
germination was observed for shelled + GA₃ application of P. mutica with 6.7%. When the seed germination
rates of Pistacia sp. were examined,
the highest germination occurred in P.
vera cv. Kırmızı, and followed by P.
khinjuk-B. The lowest germination rate was observed on P. atlantica.

Anahtar Kelimeler

GA3, Pistacia sp., Stratification, Scarification, Seed germination

Kaynakça

• Abu-Qaoud, H., 2005. Effect of scarification, gibberellic acid and stratification on seed germination of three Pistacia species. An-Najah University Journal for Research 21: 1-11.
• Acar, I., Yasar, H., Ercisli, S., 2017. Effects of dormancy-breaking treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks using as rootstock for pistachio trees. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 90:191-196.
• Ahoton, L.E., Adjakpa, J.B., Akpo, E.L. 2009. Effet de prétraitements des semences sur la germination de Prosopis africana (Guill., Perrot. et Rich.) Taub.,(Césalpiniacées). Tropicultura, 27(4): 233-238.
• Ak, B.E., 1988. Investigations on seed germination of some Pistacia species. MSc thesis, Univ. of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
• Ak, B.E., 1990. Investigations on seed germination of some Pistacia species. Çukurova Univ. Journal of Science and Engineering Sci, 4(2): 125-139.
• Ak, B.E., Özgüven, A.I., Nikpeyma, Y., 1995. The effect of GA3 applications on pistachio nut seed germination and seedling growth. I International Symposium on Pistachio, Acta Horticulturae 419: 115-120.
• Atlı, H.S., Arpacı, S., Kaşka, N., Ayanoğlu, H., 2001. Wild Pistacia species in Turkey. In Toward a Comprehensive Documentation and Use of Pistacia Genetic Diversity in Central and West Asia, North Africa and Europe. Report of the IPGRI Workshop, 35-38.
• Baninasab, B., Rahemi, M., 2001. The effects of scarification, cold stratification and gibberellic acid treatments on germination of Khokhong seeds, J. Plant Sci, 3: 121-125.
• Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, 666 pp.
• Chebouti-Meziou, N., Merabet, A., Chebouti, Y., Bissaad, F.Z., Behidj-Benyounes, N., Doumandji, S., 2014. Effect of cold and scarification on seeds germination of Pistacia atlantica L. for rapid multiplication. Pak. J. Bot., 46(2): 441-446.
• Crane, J., Forde, H., 1974. Improved Pistacia seed germination. California Agriculture, 28(9): 8-9.
• Isfendiyaroglu, M., Ozeker, E., 2001. The relations between phenolic compounds and seed dormancy in Pistacia spp. XI GREMPA Seminar on Pistachios and Almonds. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes 56: 227-232.
• Kafkas, S., Kaşka, N., 1997. The effects of scarification, stratification and GA3 treatments on the germination of seeds and seedling growth in selected P. khinjuk types. II International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds, Acta 470: 454-459.
• Mehanna, H.T., Martin, G.C., Nishijima, C., 1985. Effects of temperature, chemical treatments and endogenous hormone content on peach seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Scientia Horticulturae, 27(1-2): 63-73.
• Piotto, B., 1995. Influence of scarification and prechilling on the germination of seeds of Pistacia lentiscus. Seed Sci. Technol., 23: 659-663.
• Pipinis, E., Milios, E., Tomazos, N., Smiris, P., 2014. Breaking dormancy and germination of Cotinus coggygria Scop. seeds by means of Sulfuric acid scarification, cold stratification and gibberellic acid. Silva Balcanica, 15(1): 38-46.
• Ulusaraç, A., 1992. Selection of rootstock for pistachio cultivars. Pistachio Research Inst. Pub. Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Webster, A.D., 1995. Rootstock and interstock effects on deciduous fruit tree vigour, precocity, and yield productivity. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23(4): 373-382.
• Zohary, M., 1952. A monographical study of the genus Pistacia. Palestine J. Bot. Jerusalem Ser. 5:187.