Türkiye'de İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir ve Çanakkale illerinde zeytin alanlarındaki nematodların komünite yapısı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 175 - 188, 23.06.2023

Lerzan Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1211560

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmada İzmir, Manisa, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir illerinde zeytin bahçelerindeki topraklarda nematod çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 2021-2022 yılları arasında sürvey yapılmış, her bahçede 0-60 cm derinlikten toprak örneği alınmış ve alınan toprak örneklerinden nematodlar modifiye Baermann Funnel metoduyla izole edilmiştir. Zeytin alanlarında 37 cinse (Achromodora, Acrobeles, Acrobeloides, Alaimus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Boleodorus, Cephalobus, Clarkus, Coslenchus, Ditylenchus, Dorylaimus, Eucephalobus, Filenchus, Geocenamus, Hemicriconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Labronema, Lelenchus, Longidorus, Mesocriconema, Mesodorylaimus, Mesorhabditis, Monhystera, Panagrolaimus, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Pratylenchoides, Psilenchus, Rhabditis, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Saurtylenchus, Tripyla, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema) ait nematod türleri teşhis edilmiştir. Nematodlar beslenme şekillerine göre bitki paraziti (19 cins ve fungivor Ditylenchus cinsinden bitki paraziti 1 tür), bakterivor (11 cins), fungivor (3 cins), omnivor (2 cins) ve predatör (2 cins) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Topraklarda 27 bitki paraziti nematod türü (İzmir: 19; Manisa: 16; Balıkesir 15; Çanakkale: 11) saptanmıştır. Virüs vektörü Longidorus elongatus teşhis edilen önemli türler arasında yer almıştır. Yaygın bitki paraziti türler, Geocenamus brevidens (32%), Filenchus thornie (23%) ve Helicotylenchus digonicus (29%) olurken serbest yaşayan nematodlarda ise Acrobeloides spp. (100%), Aphelenchus sp. (95.3 %), Cephalobus (97%) ve Mesodorylaimus spp. (91.2%) olarak belirlenmiştir. Bakterivor nematodlardan Cephalobidae familyasından en az 1 tür tüm toprak örneklerinde saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nematod faunası, zeytin, Türkiye

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Community structure of nematodes in olive growing areas in İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir, and Çanakkale provinces, Türkiye

Öz

In this study, we aimed to determine the nematode diversity in soils from olive orchards in İzmir, Manisa, Çanakkale, and Balıkesir provinces. For this purpose, a survey was carried out in 2021-2022; in each orchard, soil samples were collected from 0-60 cm depth, and nematodes were extracted from collected soils by the modified Baermann Funnel method. Thirty-seven genera of nematodes (Achromodora, Acrobeles, Acrobeloides, Alaimus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Boleodorus, Cephalobus, Clarkus, Coslenchus, Ditylenchus, Dorylaimus, Eucephalobus, Filenchus, Geocenamus, Hemicriconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Labronema, Lelenchus, Longidorus, Mesocriconema, Mesodorylaimus, Mesorhabditis, Monhystera, Panagrolaimus, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Pratylenchoides, Psilenchus, Rhabditis, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Saurtylenchus, Tripyla, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema) from 21 families were identified in olive-growing areas. According to feeding habitats, nematodes were classified as plant parasitic (19 genera and one plant-parasitic species from fungivore Ditylenchus genera), bacterivores (11 genera), fungivores (3 genera), omnivores (2 genera), and predators (2 genera). Plant-parasitic 27 nematode species (İzmir: 19; Manisa: 16; Balıkesir 15; Çanakkale: 11) were found in soils. The virus vector Longidorus elongatus was among the identified important species. The prevalent plant-parasitic species were Geocenamus brevidens (32%), Filenchus thornei (23%), Helicotylenchus digonicus (29%), while the free-living nematodes were Acrobeloides spp. (100%), Aphelenchus sp. (95.3 %), Cephalobus spp. (97%), and Mesodorylaimus (91.2%). Within bacterivore nematodes, at least one species from the Cephalobidae family was determined in all soil samples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nematode fauna, olive, Turkey

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• Ali, N., Chapuis, E., Tavoillot, J., & Mateille, T. (2014). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive tree (Olea europaea L.) with a focus on the Mediterranean Basin: A review. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 337(7-8), 423-442. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2014.05.006.
• Anderson, C. R. (2000). Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission. CABI. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-85199-786-5.
• Archidona-Yuste, A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Palomares-Rius, J. E., Castillo, P. & Tzortzakakis, E. A. (2020). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cultivated and wild olive trees in Crete, Greece.Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 13(1), 24-28.
• Bongers, R. (1990). The maturity index: An ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia, 83, 14-19.
• Brown, D. J. F., Robinson, W. M. & Trudgill, D. L. (1995). Transmission of viruses by plant nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 33, 223-249. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.001255.
• Breton, C. M. & Bervillé, A. J. (2009). The life history of the olive tree examined through molecular marker data In: Berti L, Maury J, editors. Advances in olive resources. Kerala, India: Transworld Research Network, pp 105-135.
• Castillo, P., Vovlas, N., & Troccoli, A. (2003). The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus macrosoma, infecting olive in southern Spain. Nematology, 5, 23-39.
• Castillo, P., & Vovlas, N. (2007). Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): diagnosis, biology, pathogenicity and management. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives 6. (Series editors: Hunt, D.J. & Perry, R.N.). Leiden, The Netherlands, Brill, 529 pp.
• Castillo, P., Nico, A. I., Navas-Cortés, J. A., Landa, B. B., Jiménez-Díaz, R. M., & Vovlas, N. (2010). Plant-parasitic nematodes attacking olive trees and their Management. Plant Disease, 94(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-2-0148
• Cilbircioğlu, C. (2007). Plant parasitic nematodes associated with Olea europea L. fauna of Turkey. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 24(4), 227–231. doi:10.3954/1523-5475-24.4.227.
• Çetintaş, R. (2017). Kahramanmaras Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi meyve bahçesindeki nematodlar ve trofik grupları . KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi , 13(1), 34-41 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ksudobil/issue/30560/330722.
• de Klerk, C. A., & Loubser, J. T. (1988). Relationship between grapevine roots and soil-borne pests. pp. 88–108 in J. L. Van Zyl, ed. The grapevine root and its environment. Pretoria: Government Printer.
• Efe, R., Soykan, A., Cürebal, ˙I. & Sönmez, S. (2013). Olive and olive oil; Edremit Municipality: Balıkesir, Turkey. ISBN 978-605-62253-3-8.
• EPPO. (2016). Peach rosette mosaic nepovirus, Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests. EPPO, Paris. FAO. (2019). Statistical data of FAO. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
• Hashmi, M. A., Khan, A., Hanif, M., Farooq, U. & Perveen, S. (2015). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Olea europaea (Olive). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 541591. doi: 10.1155/2015/541591.
• Hirschmann, H., Paschalaki-Kourtzi, N. & Triantaphyllou A. (1966). A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Greece, Annales de l’Institut Phytopathologique Benaki, 7, 144-156.
• Hodda, M. (2011). "Phylum Nematoda Cobb, 1932. In: Zhang, Z.Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa, 3148, 63-95. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.11.
• Jun, O. K., & Kim, Y.H. (2004). Aphelenchus avenae and antagonistic fungi as biological control agents of Pythium spp. The Plant Pathology Journal, Korean Society of Plant Pathology. https://doi.org/10.5423/ppj.2004.20.4.271.
• Kennedy, A. C. & de Luna, L. Z. (2005): Rhizosphere. Encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 399-406. doi:10.1016/b0-12-348530-4/00163-6.
• Khanum, T. A., Mehmood, N., & Khatoon, N. (2021). Nematodes as biological ındicators of soil quality in the agroecosystems. In C. Cristiano, & T. E. Kaspary (Eds.), Nematodes-Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99745.
• Haraguchi, S. & Yoshiga T. (2020). Potential of the fungal feeding nematode Aphelenchus avenae to control fungi and the plant parasitic nematode Ditylenchus destructor associated with garlic. Biol. Control, 143, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104203.
• Hashmi, M. A., Khan, A., Hanif, M., Farooq, U. & Perveen, S. (2015). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Olea europaea (Olive). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015, 541591. doi: 10.1155/2015/541591.
• Hirschmann, H., Paschalaki-Kourtzi, N. & Triantaphyllou A. (1966)., A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Greece, Ann. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki 7, 144-156.
• Jun, O. K., & Kim, Y.H. (2004). Aphelenchus avenae and antagonistic fungi as biological control agents of Pythium spp. The Plant Pathology Journal, Korean Society of Plant Pathology. https://doi.org/10.5423/ppj.2004.20.4.271.
• Lamberti, F., Grecon, N., Zauchi, H. (1975). A nematological survey of date palms and other major crops in Algeria, FAO. Plant Prot. Bull, 23, 156–160.
• McKenry, M.V. (1992). Nematodes in grape pest management. 2nd ed. D.L. Flaherty et al. (eds.), pp. 281-285. Publication 3343. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
• Mushtaq, A., Hanif, M. A., Ayub, M. A., Bhatti, I. A. & Romdhane, M. (2020) Olive. In: Hanif, M. A., Nawaz, H., Khan, M. M., Byrne, H. J. (eds) Medicinal plants of South Asia. Elsevier, pp. 541–555.
• Norton, D. C., (1978). Ecology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Wiley-Interscience, New York. Renco, M. & Kovacik, P. (2012). Response of plant parasitic and free-living soil nematodes to composted animal manure soil amendments. Journal of Nematology, 44, 329–336.
• Schmidt, J., Hallmann, J., Finckh, M. (2020). Bacterivorous nematodes correlate with soil fertility and improved crop production in an organic minimum tillage system. Sustainability. 12. 6730. 10.3390/su12176730.
• Seinhorst, J.W. (1959). A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica, 4, 67-69.
• Siddiqi, M. R. (2000). Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects. 2nd edition. CAB International Wallingford Oxon 833 pp.
• Taher, I. E., Ami, S. N., Haleem, R. A., & Shareef, B. (2017). First record of mycetophagous nematode Aphelenchus avenae In Iraq with description and testing their propagatıon on different fungus culture. Bulletin of The Iraq Natural History Museum, 14, 251-259. 10.26842/binhm.7.2017.14.3.0251.
• Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T. D., de Goede R. G. M., Freckman, D. W. & Georgieva, S. S. (1993). Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera – an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25, 315-331.
• Yıldız, Ş. (2007). Şanlıurfa ili nematod faunası ve biyoçeşitliliği üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora tezi. Ç.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, p. 102.
• Yıldız, Ş. & Mamay, M. (2012). Şanlıurfa ili nar bahçelerinde bitki paraziti nematodların belirlenmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 16(2): 19-23.