Characterization and suitability assessment of soils in rain forest zone southwest Nigeria for cassava, maize and rice production using parametric method

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 624 - 642, 27.12.2023

Fawole Ayofe , Julius Olayinka Ojetade Sikiru Adekoya Muda

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1299165

Öz

The study assessed the properties of soils derived from medium-grained granite gneissdeveloped their taxonomic classification, established soil suitability groups for theselected arable crops production, and proposed sustainable land managementpractices to improve soil sustainability. Four soil profile pits were established along each of the two topo-sequences identified at the site in compliance with FAO/UNESCOstandards. From the identified genetic horizons, soil samples were collected and subjected to routine physical and chemical analyses in the laboratory for characterization and suitability assessment. Data generated from the analyses weresubjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Employing a parametric approachland attributes observed in the field were merged with those established in thelaboratory and crop requirements to produce soil suitability classes. The soils encountered were classed according to the USDA classification system as TypiIsohyperthermic Paleustult, Plinthic Isohyperthermic Paleustult, and aquic Psamment.They were further classified as Lixisol, Plinthic Lixisol, and Fluvisol (WRB), in that order. The actual suitability revealed that all the soil series were presently unsuitable for cropproduction. Potentially Typic Isohyperthermic Paleustult soil was rated moderatelysuitable while Plinthic Isohyperthermic Paleustult and Ustipsamment soils were rated
marginally suitable for cassava and maize production. All the soils, however, are both actual and potentially unsuitable for rice production. Slope, soil nutrient availability and
nutrient retention together with physical characteristics were the key agronomicconstraints of the soils encountered in the studied area. Although the soils have acomplex relationship, the investigation indicated that they are not homogeneous and vary in potentiality with different physiographic units; as a result, differentmanagement techniques at different physiographic positions are required to ensure thesustainable use of soil resources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arable crops, Granite gneiss, isohyperthermic and Paleustult., Taxonomic classification, Soil suitability

Nijerya'nın güneybatısındaki yağmur ormanı bölgesindeki toprakların manyok, mısır ve çeltik üretimi için parametrik yöntem kullanılarak karakterizasyonu ve uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Çalışmada, orta taneli granit gnaysı üzerinde oluşmuş toprakların özellikleri değerlendirilmiş, bunların taksonomik sınıflandırması yapılmış, mısır, maniok ve pirinç üretimi için toprak uygunluk sınıfları belirlenmiş ve toprak sürdürülebilirliğini artırmak için bir arazi yönetimi stratejisi önerilmiştir. İki topografik kesitte, FAO/UNESCO standartlarına uygun olarak her bir topografik kesit boyunca dört toprak profili açılmıştır. Tanımlanan genetik horizonlardan toprak örnekleri toplanmış ve karakterizasyon ve uygunluk değerlendirmesi için fiziksel ve kimyasal parametreler açısından analiz edilmiştir.
Analizlerden elde edilen veriler tanımlayıcı ve çıkarımsal istatistiklere tabi tutulmuştur. Parametrik ve CBS tekniklerinin kullanılmasıyla, saha gözlemlerinde gözlemlenen arazi özellikleri, laboratuvarda belirlenenler ve bitki gereksinimleri ile birleştirilerek toprak uygunluk sınıfları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma bölgesinde haritalanan topraklar, USDA'ye göre Typic
isohyperthermic Paleustults, Plinthic isohyperthermic Paleustults ve Aquic Psamments olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bu topraklar WRB'ye göre sırasıyla Lixisol, Plinthic Lixisol ve Fluvisol olarak sınıflandırıldı. Gerçek uygunluk, tüm toprak serilerinin şu anda bitki üretimi için uygun olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Potansiyel olarak Typic isohyperthermic Paleustults topraklar, orta
derecede uygun olarak değerlendirilirken, Plinthic isohyperthermic Paleustults ve Aquic Psamments topraklar, maniyok ve mısır üretimi için marjinal olarak uygun olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ancak, tüm topraklar hem gerçekte hem de potansiyel olarak pirinç üretimi için uygun değildir. Çalışma alanındaki toprakların başlıca tarımsal kısıtlamaları, toprak fiziksel özellikleri, besin maddelerinin bulunabilirliği, besin maddelerinin tutulması ve eğim idi. Çalışma, topraklar yakın ilişkili olmalarına rağmen, homojen olmadıklarını ve farklı fizyografik birimlerde farklı potansiyellere sahip olduklarını ortaya koymuştur; bu nedenle, toprak kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımını sağlamak için farklı fizyografik konumlarda farklı yönetim tekniklerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orta taneli granit gnays, Taksonomik sınıflandırma, Tipik İzohipertermik Paleustults, Plintik İzohipertermik Paleustults ve Aquic Psamments

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