Etiyopya’da gıda güvencesi için teff üretiminin su ayak izi analizi ile değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 49 - 64

Meka Taher Yimam , Gökşen Çapar

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1578338

Öz

Afrika'da 2030 yılına kadar Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SDG) arasında yer alan SDG 2: Sıfır Açlık hedefine yaklaşmak için, tarımsal uygulamalar ve su mevcudiyeti gibi çeşitli faktörlerle ilgili olarak gıda güvencesi sorunlarının yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Teff ürünü Etiyopya’da önemli bir yere sahiptir, ancak yağışa dayalı yetiştiricilik uygulamaları nedeniyle verim düşüktür. Su ayak izi (WF) kavramı, ürünlerin yağışa bağımlılığı hakkında yararlı bir bakış açısı sağlayarak sulama ihtiyacını ortaya koyar. Bu nedenle, teff üretiminin WF analizi, çiftçilerin verimi artırmasına ve su verimliliğini korumasına yardımcı olabilir. Bu çalışmada, Etiyopya'daki teff üretiminin yeşil ve mavi su ayak izleri, CROPWAT 8.0 ve CLIMWAT 2.0 modelleri kullanılarak 2019/2020 sezonu için tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, yeşil su ayak izi (WFgreen)'nin Tigray bölgesinde 1170 m3 ton-1, SNNPR bölgesinde ise 1481 m3 ton-1 değeriyle baskın olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan, mavi su ayak izi (WFblue), Amhara'da 264 m3 ton-1 ile Tigray'da 1022 m3 ton-1 arasında önemli ölçüde değişmektedir. Bu sonuç, bitki su ihtiyacının etkili yağıştan çok daha yüksek olması nedeniyle sulama ihtiyacını göstermektedir. Teff'in ekonomik su verimliliği, mısır gibi diğer ürünlerden daha yüksek olarak 0,68 USD m-3 olarak bulunmuştur. İklim değişikliğinin ve kuraklığın potansiyel etkisi göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışma teff üretimine su tahsisini artırmayı ve ulusal düzeyde uygun sulama uygulamalarının gerçekleştirilmesini önermektedir. Su ayak izi analizini nehir havzası düzeyindeki su tahsis planlarına entegre etmek, sürdürülebilir su kaynakları yönetimi ve gıda güvencesi için faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

su ayak izi, teff üretimi, tarım, Etiyopya

Evaluation of teff production in Ethiopia using water footprint analysis for food security

Öz

Achieving Sustainable Development goal (SDG)2; Zero Hunger by 2030 in Africa requires reconsidering the challenges of food security in relation to several factors including agricultural practices and water availability. Teff crop plays a significant role in Ethiopia but the yield is low due to rain-fed production practices. The water footprint (WF) concept provides a useful perspective on the dependency of crops on precipitation, revealing the need for irrigation. So, WF analysis of teff production can help farmers to increase the yield and maintain water efficiency. In this study, the green and blue water footprints of teff production in Ethiopia were estimated for 2019/2020 season using the CROPWAT 8.0 and CLIMWAT 2.0 models. The results show that WFgreen is dominant with a value of 1170 m3 ton-1 in Tigray region to 1481 m3 ton-1 in SNNPR region. On the other hand, the WFblue varied significantly from 264 m3 ton-1 in Amhara to 1022 m3 ton-1 in Tigray, respectively, indicating the need for irrigation since water requirement is much higher than the effective precipitation. The economic water productivity of teff was found to be 0.68 USD m-3, which is higher than other crops such as maize. Given the potential impact of climate change and droughts, this study suggests increasing water allocation to teff production and implementing appropriate irrigation practices at a national level. Integrating water footprint analysis into river basin-level water allocation plans would be beneficial for sustainable water resource management and food security.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agriculture, Ethiopia, teff production, water footprint

Etik Beyan

There is no requirement for ethical statement.

Destekleyen Kurum

Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Presidency of Turks Abroad and Related Communities.

Teşekkür

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Presidency of Turks Abroad and Related Communities for the scholarship provided to the graduate student Meka Taher Yimam to carry out this study as a master of thesis in Ankara University, Turkiye during 2020-2022.

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