Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Role of Sheep and Goat Breeding in Kyrgyzstan: A Scientific Perspective

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 190 - 199, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1606067

Öz

This study aims to evaluate the current status of animal production, with a specific focus on small ruminant breeding in Kyrgyzstan. Data from FAOSTAT and the Kyrgyz State Statistics Institution covering the years 2000–2022 were analyzed. Due to limitations in available data, sheep and goats were sometimes evaluated together under the category of "sheep," while cattle were assessed as dairy animals for milk production. Collected data were organized into tables, and averages and percentages were calculated and interpreted. Kyrgyzstan's population reached 6.5 million in 2021, with the rural population declining from 64.51% in 2000 to 61.45% in 2021. The area allocated to livestock within agricultural lands increased from 0.03 LSU/ha in 2000 to 0.05 LSU/ha by 2021. Sheep production expanded significantly, with a population of 5.515.593 in 2022, accounting for 88.90% of the total small ruminant population. Meanwhile, goat numbers saw notable fluctuations, with a declining trend after 2015. Sheep meat production almost doubled, reaching 73.038 tons by 2022, whereas goat meat production showed variability, with a peak in 2010 followed by a decrease in subsequent years. Small ruminant farming is integral to Kyrgyzstan's economy and cultural identity. Addressing challenges such as climate variability, pasture degradation, and limited infrastructure through modern livestock practices and sustainable pasture management can significantly improve productivity. Government investment in veterinary services, market access, and infrastructure is critical for sustainable development.

Kaynakça

  • Abdurasulov, Y. 2009. Condition of the Agrarian Sector of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek: AKIpress.
  • ADB (Asian Development Bank) 2018. Sustainable Agriculture Development in Central Asia: The Role of Livestock. Asian Development Bank.https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/496016/adb-annual-report-2018.pdf
  • Akramov K, Chulpanova T. 2015. Livestock and the Rural Economy of Kyrgyzstan: Focus on Sheep and Goat Farming. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 16(3):102-115.
  • Anonymous 2020. Ministry of Agriculture of Kyrgyzstan. Annual Livestock Production Report. https://stat.gov.kg/en/statistics/selskoe-hozyajstvo/
  • Anonymous 2021. Kyrgyz Republic Ministry of Agriculture. Kyrgyzstan National Livestock Development Strategy. Ministry of Agriculture, Bishkek.
  • Anonymous 2022. World Bank. Agricultural Development in Kyrgyzstan: Issues and Prospects.
  • Asankulov M. 2016. The role of sheep farming in rural development in Kyrgyzstan: Case Studies from the Naryn Region. PhD Dissertation, University of Bishkek.
  • Bekmuratov, S. 2020. Challenges in sheep disease management in Kyrgyzstan: Farmer Knowledge and Veterinary Practice. Master's Thesis, Central Asia University, Bishkek.
  • Beşirli H. 2011. Kırgızistanın sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel yapısı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Güz (15):313-331.
  • FAO and IFAD. 2021. Estimating the future impact of the Resilient Regional Pastoral Communities Project on greenhouse gas emissions. Contribution to the update of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of Kyrgyzstan. Rome.
  • FAOSTAT. 2023. Livestock Statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc8166en, Rome.
  • Ganiev J, Baigonushova D, Madmarov N, Abdieva R. 2020. External debt and economic growth in transition countries: Case of Kyrgyzstan. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 9(1): 60-75.
  • IFAD. 2019. Supporting Smallholder Farmers in Kyrgyzstan: Livestock and Pasture Management. International Fund for Agricultural Development. Livestock and Market Development Programme II Supervision Report. 19 September to 5 October, https://www.ifad.org/documents/September+-+October+2018_1.pdf/03416ad1-d591-bf27-36fc-5feed81af586?t=1726609282515.
  • Kadyrberdieva l, Solovyeva A, Tigran Poghosyan T. 2023. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation In The Kyrgyz Republic.https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/092/article-A002-en.xml.
  • Karadağ H. 2018. Çarlık ve Sovyet dönemlerinde Kırgizistan’da hayvancılık. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 40 :369-390.
  • Karadağ H. 2019. Bağımsızlık sonrası Kırgızistan’da hayvancılıkta gelişmeler. The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 45:151-171.
  • KRUSK, 2019. Kırgız Respublikasının Uluttuk Statistika Komiteti. Ayıl Carba Rasmiy Statistika. 1.05.02.12 Pogolobe Skota i Pomashmey Ptitsı po Kategoriyam Hozyaystv Kırgızskoy Respublike.
  • Kuvatov A. 2019. "Sheep Farming in Kyrgyzstan: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Central Asian Agricultural Studies, 15(2):234-245.
  • Kyshtakbayev U, Musabaev S. 2018. "Impact of climate change on livestock farming in Kyrgyzstan: Implications for sheep and goat production." Asian Journal of Climate, 45(2): 45-56.
  • LIFAD, 2021. Pasture condition maps in Kyrgyzstan . Doménech, C., Belenguer-Plomer, M.A., Mundy, O., Eralieva, M., Abdiev, A.International Fund for Agricultural Development Via Paolo di Dono, 44, 00142 Rome, Italy.
  • Mamatov N, Kangeldiyeva G, Comba B. 2012. Yüksek Rakımlı Meraların Kullanımı ve Yak (Topoz) Etolojisinin Araştırılması. YYU Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (1): 41– 43.
  • Marty D, Ashimov A. 2017. Pastoralism and agriculture in central Asia: Sheep farming and agro-pastoral practices in Kyrgyzstan. Oxford University Press.
  • Mogilevskii R, Abdrazakova N, Bolotbekova A, Chalbasova, S., Dzhumaeva, S., Tilekeyev, K. 2017. The outcomes of 25 years of agricultural reforms in Kyrgyzstan. Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
  • Mustafaev S, Begimkulov D. 2019. "Breed selection and genetic improvement of sheep in Kyrgyzstan: Challenges and Perspectives." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 12(1):25-34.
  • Tugba A, Dube M. 2020. "Assessment of sheep production systems in central Asia: A Case Study of Kyrgyzstan." Journal of Agricultural Systems, 172(3):125-137.
  • UNDP, 2020. Kyrgyzstan’s Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Development. United Nations Development Programme.https://annualreport.undp.org/2020/assets/UNDP-Annual-Report.en.pdf.
  • Uulu TE, Öğüt H, Marakoğlu T. 2018. Kırgızistan’ın tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyinin coğrafik bölgeler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Manas J Agr Vet Life Sci, 8(2):89‐97.
  • Zhumanova M. 2011. A Study on livestock and land management In Kyrgyzstan. Master’s Thesis. Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University.https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/00031956?locale=en.

Koyun ve Keçi Yetiştiriciliğinin Kırgızistan’daki Rolü: Bilimsel Bir Perspektif

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 190 - 199, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1606067

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kırgızistan'daki hayvancılık üretiminin mevcut durumunu değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır, özellikle küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği üzerinde durulmuştur. FAOSTAT ve Kırgızistan Devlet İstatistik Kurumu'ndan alınan 2000–2022 yılları arasındaki veriler analiz edilmiştir. Mevcut veri kısıtlamaları nedeniyle koyun ve keçiler bazen "koyun" kategorisi altında birlikte değerlendirilmiş, sığırlar ise süt üretimi için süt hayvanı olarak ele alınmıştır. Toplanan veriler tablolar halinde düzenlenmiş, ortalamalar ve oranlar hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. Kırgızistan nüfusu 2021'de 6.5 milyona ulaşmış, kırsal nüfus 2000'te %64.51 iken 2021'de %61.45'e düşmüştür. Tarım arazilerinde hayvancılığa ayrılan alan, 2000'te 0.03 LSU/ha iken 2021'de 0.05 LSU/ha'ya çıkmıştır. Koyun üretimi önemli ölçüde artmış, 2022'de 5.515.593 koyunla, toplam küçükbaş hayvan popülasyonunun %88.90'ını oluşturmuştur. Buna karşılık, keçi sayısında 2015 sonrasında belirgin dalgalanmalar olmuş ve azalma eğilimi gözlemlenmiştir. Koyun eti üretimi neredeyse iki katına çıkmış ve 2022'de 73.038 ton olarak gerçekleşmiştir; oysa keçi eti üretimi, 2010'da zirve yapmış ve ardından sonraki yıllarda azalma göstermiştir. Küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği, Kırgızistan ekonomisi ve kültürel kimliği için önemli bir bileşendir. İklim değişkenliği, mera bozulması ve sınırlı altyapı gibi zorlukların, modern hayvancılık uygulamaları ve sürdürülebilir mera yönetimiyle ele alınması, üretkenliği önemli ölçüde artırabilir. Veteriner hizmetleri, piyasa erişimi ve altyapıya yapılacak devlet yatırımları, sürdürülebilir kalkınma için kritik öneme sahiptir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdurasulov, Y. 2009. Condition of the Agrarian Sector of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek: AKIpress.
  • ADB (Asian Development Bank) 2018. Sustainable Agriculture Development in Central Asia: The Role of Livestock. Asian Development Bank.https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/496016/adb-annual-report-2018.pdf
  • Akramov K, Chulpanova T. 2015. Livestock and the Rural Economy of Kyrgyzstan: Focus on Sheep and Goat Farming. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 16(3):102-115.
  • Anonymous 2020. Ministry of Agriculture of Kyrgyzstan. Annual Livestock Production Report. https://stat.gov.kg/en/statistics/selskoe-hozyajstvo/
  • Anonymous 2021. Kyrgyz Republic Ministry of Agriculture. Kyrgyzstan National Livestock Development Strategy. Ministry of Agriculture, Bishkek.
  • Anonymous 2022. World Bank. Agricultural Development in Kyrgyzstan: Issues and Prospects.
  • Asankulov M. 2016. The role of sheep farming in rural development in Kyrgyzstan: Case Studies from the Naryn Region. PhD Dissertation, University of Bishkek.
  • Bekmuratov, S. 2020. Challenges in sheep disease management in Kyrgyzstan: Farmer Knowledge and Veterinary Practice. Master's Thesis, Central Asia University, Bishkek.
  • Beşirli H. 2011. Kırgızistanın sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel yapısı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Güz (15):313-331.
  • FAO and IFAD. 2021. Estimating the future impact of the Resilient Regional Pastoral Communities Project on greenhouse gas emissions. Contribution to the update of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) of Kyrgyzstan. Rome.
  • FAOSTAT. 2023. Livestock Statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc8166en, Rome.
  • Ganiev J, Baigonushova D, Madmarov N, Abdieva R. 2020. External debt and economic growth in transition countries: Case of Kyrgyzstan. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 9(1): 60-75.
  • IFAD. 2019. Supporting Smallholder Farmers in Kyrgyzstan: Livestock and Pasture Management. International Fund for Agricultural Development. Livestock and Market Development Programme II Supervision Report. 19 September to 5 October, https://www.ifad.org/documents/September+-+October+2018_1.pdf/03416ad1-d591-bf27-36fc-5feed81af586?t=1726609282515.
  • Kadyrberdieva l, Solovyeva A, Tigran Poghosyan T. 2023. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation In The Kyrgyz Republic.https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/092/article-A002-en.xml.
  • Karadağ H. 2018. Çarlık ve Sovyet dönemlerinde Kırgizistan’da hayvancılık. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 40 :369-390.
  • Karadağ H. 2019. Bağımsızlık sonrası Kırgızistan’da hayvancılıkta gelişmeler. The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 45:151-171.
  • KRUSK, 2019. Kırgız Respublikasının Uluttuk Statistika Komiteti. Ayıl Carba Rasmiy Statistika. 1.05.02.12 Pogolobe Skota i Pomashmey Ptitsı po Kategoriyam Hozyaystv Kırgızskoy Respublike.
  • Kuvatov A. 2019. "Sheep Farming in Kyrgyzstan: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Central Asian Agricultural Studies, 15(2):234-245.
  • Kyshtakbayev U, Musabaev S. 2018. "Impact of climate change on livestock farming in Kyrgyzstan: Implications for sheep and goat production." Asian Journal of Climate, 45(2): 45-56.
  • LIFAD, 2021. Pasture condition maps in Kyrgyzstan . Doménech, C., Belenguer-Plomer, M.A., Mundy, O., Eralieva, M., Abdiev, A.International Fund for Agricultural Development Via Paolo di Dono, 44, 00142 Rome, Italy.
  • Mamatov N, Kangeldiyeva G, Comba B. 2012. Yüksek Rakımlı Meraların Kullanımı ve Yak (Topoz) Etolojisinin Araştırılması. YYU Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (1): 41– 43.
  • Marty D, Ashimov A. 2017. Pastoralism and agriculture in central Asia: Sheep farming and agro-pastoral practices in Kyrgyzstan. Oxford University Press.
  • Mogilevskii R, Abdrazakova N, Bolotbekova A, Chalbasova, S., Dzhumaeva, S., Tilekeyev, K. 2017. The outcomes of 25 years of agricultural reforms in Kyrgyzstan. Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
  • Mustafaev S, Begimkulov D. 2019. "Breed selection and genetic improvement of sheep in Kyrgyzstan: Challenges and Perspectives." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 12(1):25-34.
  • Tugba A, Dube M. 2020. "Assessment of sheep production systems in central Asia: A Case Study of Kyrgyzstan." Journal of Agricultural Systems, 172(3):125-137.
  • UNDP, 2020. Kyrgyzstan’s Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Development. United Nations Development Programme.https://annualreport.undp.org/2020/assets/UNDP-Annual-Report.en.pdf.
  • Uulu TE, Öğüt H, Marakoğlu T. 2018. Kırgızistan’ın tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyinin coğrafik bölgeler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Manas J Agr Vet Life Sci, 8(2):89‐97.
  • Zhumanova M. 2011. A Study on livestock and land management In Kyrgyzstan. Master’s Thesis. Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University.https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/00031956?locale=en.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hayvan Yetiştirme, Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştirme ve Islahı, Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Nurlan Mamatov 0000-0002-9673-0862

Funda Ataç 0000-0002-6681-212X

Turgay Taşkın 0000-0001-8528-9760

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mamatov, N., Ataç, F., & Taşkın, T. (2025). The Role of Sheep and Goat Breeding in Kyrgyzstan: A Scientific Perspective. Journal of Animal Production, 66(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1606067


26405

Creative Commons License Journal of Animal Production is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


26407 26406 26408   26409  26410263992641126412  26413   26414 26415