The Role of Sheep and Goat Breeding in Kyrgyzstan: A Scientific Perspective
Öz
This study aims to evaluate the current status of animal production, with a specific focus on small ruminant breeding in Kyrgyzstan. Data from FAOSTAT and the Kyrgyz State Statistics Institution covering the years 2000–2022 were analyzed. Due to limitations in available data, sheep and goats were sometimes evaluated together under the category of "sheep," while cattle were assessed as dairy animals for milk production. Collected data were organized into tables, and averages and percentages were calculated and interpreted. Kyrgyzstan's population reached 6.5 million in 2021, with the rural population declining from 64.51% in 2000 to 61.45% in 2021. The area allocated to livestock within agricultural lands increased from 0.03 LSU/ha in 2000 to 0.05 LSU/ha by 2021. Sheep production expanded significantly, with a population of 5.515.593 in 2022, accounting for 88.90% of the total small ruminant population. Meanwhile, goat numbers saw notable fluctuations, with a declining trend after 2015. Sheep meat production almost doubled, reaching 73.038 tons by 2022, whereas goat meat production showed variability, with a peak in 2010 followed by a decrease in subsequent years. Small ruminant farming is integral to Kyrgyzstan's economy and cultural identity. Addressing challenges such as climate variability, pasture degradation, and limited infrastructure through modern livestock practices and sustainable pasture management can significantly improve productivity. Government investment in veterinary services, market access, and infrastructure is critical for sustainable development.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kyrgyzstan, small ruminants, sheep and goat farming, livestock economy, sustainable agriculture
Kaynakça
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