CRISPR-Cas9 Technology: in Biotechnology a Breakthrough Innovation
Öz
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology based on regularly spaced short palindromic repeats that have revolutionized biotechnology research. This system offers the potential to edit desired changes and genes in the genome in a fast, inexpensive, simple way. Gene editing has many potential applications, including treating genetic diseases and the enhancement of yield and quality in agricultural products. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has a wide range of applications, from treating genetic diseases in medicine, improving crop yields in agriculture, obtaining disease-resistant animals, studying antibiotic resistance in microbiology, nitrogen fixation, biofuels, biosensors, greenhouse gas emissions, pesticide reduction, water management, etc. For example, this system has been used to successfully regulate mutations in intestinal organoids in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. In plants, successful results have been achieved in creating herbicide resistance in rice, powdery mildew in tomatoes, and reducing high amylopectin content in potatoes. In animals, studies are underway to provide resistance to bacteria that cause mastitis in cows. At the same time, research is underway to reduce milk allergens in goats by silencing the beta-lactoglobulin gene. However, the ethical aspects of CRISPR technology are also an important topic of debate. Given the potential risks and social implications of genetic engineering, ethical debates on this issue should continue. In conclusion, CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary tool in genetic engineering and offers new opportunities for innovative applications in many fields. This article reviews studies on CRISPR-Cas9 technology, its use in medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and ethical debates.
Anahtar Kelimeler
CRISPR/Cas9, biotechnology, genome editing, agriculture, environment
Kaynakça
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