Bingöl Merkezinden Toplanan Seçilmis Arı Polenlerinden, Farklı Çözücüler Kullanılarak Ultrasonik Destekli Ekstraksiyon Yöntemiyle Elde Edilen Ekstraktların Protein Içerigi ve Amino Asit Bilesiminin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 99 - 112, 31.12.2025

Abdurrahman Şimşek , Veysel Süzerer , Devrim Oskay

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1687962

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı botanik kaynaklardan elde edilen arı poleni örneklerinin, ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon (UAE) yöntemi ile çeşitli çözücüler kullanılarak işlenmesi sonucunda elde edilen protein verimi ile amino asit profillerinin kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesidir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, Bingöl ili merkez ilçesine ait beş ayrı arılıktan elde edilen arı poleni örnekleri analiz edilmiştir. Öncelikle örneklerin botanik kökeni palinolojik incelemelerle saptanmış, ardından distile su (dH₂O), etanol (EtOH) ve metanol (MeOH) çözücüleri farklı konsantrasyonlarda kullanılarak ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon (UAE) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen ekstraktların verimliliği ve protein içerikleri belirlenmiş; en yüksek protein düzeyi gösteren örnekte ise ayrıntılı amino asit profili analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Palinolojik analizler, örneklerin farklı bitki taksonlarına ait olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. En yüksek ekstraksiyon verimi (% 75.7), BP‑1 örneğinde % 25 EtOH kullanılarak elde edilirken; en yüksek protein içeriği (% 9.80) BP‑3 örneğinde distile su (dH₂O) ile sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca BP‑3 örneğinde prolin, asparajin ve glisin bakımından zengin bir amino asit profili saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Arı poleninin botanik kökeni, kimyasal bileşim üzerinde yüksek oranda belirleyici bir etkiye sahiptir. Kullanılan çözücü türü ve konsantrasyonu ise ekstraksiyon verimliliği ve elde edilen protein miktarı üzerinde kritik rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma, arı poleninden bitkisel protein elde edilmesine yönelik etkili ve uygulanabilir bir metodoloji sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arı Poleni , Ultrasonik Destekli Ekstraksiyon (UAE) , Protein İçeriği , Amino Asit Bileşimi

Proje Numarası

BAP-SHMYO.2023.002

Determination of Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition of Extracts Obtained by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Using Different Solvents from Selected Bee Pollens Collected in Bingöl Cente

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the protein extraction efficiency and amino acid composition of bee pollen collected from different botanical sources using water-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with various solvents.
Material and Methods: Bee pollen samples were collected from five different apiaries in the central district of Bingöl, Türkiye. Palynological analysis was conducted to identify botanical origins, followed by UAE using distilled water (dH₂O), ethanol (EtOH), and methanol (MeOH) at different concentrations. Extraction efficiency and protein content were determined, and the amino acid profile was analyzed in the sample with the highest protein content.
Results: Palynological analysis showed diverse floral sources across the samples. The highest extraction yield (75.7%) was obtained from the BP-1 sample using 25% EtOH, while the highest protein content (9.80%) was observed in BP-3 with dH₂O. BP-3, primarily derived from Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Polygonaceae, was rich in proline, asparagine, and glycine.
Conclusion: The botanical origin of bee pollen significantly affects its chemical composition. Solvent type and concentration critically influence extraction efficiency and protein yield. UAE with dH₂O offers a practical method for obtaining plant-based protein from bee pollen, contributing to its valorization as a functional food source.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bee Pollen , Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) , Protein Content , Amino Acid Composition

Etik Beyan

We hereby declare that all processes involved in this study comply with research and publication ethics, as well as ethical standards and principles of scientific citation.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bingöl University

Proje Numarası

BAP-SHMYO.2023.002

Teşekkür

This article originates from the doctoral dissertation project of Abdurrahman Şimşek and was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bingöl University under the project number BAP-SHMYO.2023.002. Thanks to Council of Higher Education (YOK) for providing financial support to Abdurrahman Şimşek (YOK 100/2000 Scholarship). Dr. Veysel Süzerer served as the supervisor of Abdurrahman Şimşek, while Dr. Devrim Oskay acted as the co-supervisor.

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