Irak'ta Küçükbas Hayvanların Çiftlik Yönetim Stratejileri ve Yapısal Özellikleri: Bir Vaka Çalısması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 161 - 177, 31.12.2025

Hewa Fattah , Ayşe Özge Demir

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1701861

https://izlik.org/JA62BF46JL

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, küçükbaş hayvan popülasyon yapısı ve çeşitliliğini incelemek, işletme yönetim stratejilerinin etkilerini değerlendirmek, özellikle doğum üzerinde durarak üreme performansını analiz etmek ve tarım-hayvancılık sistemlerinin gelir ve besleme pratikleriyle ilişkili sosyo ekonomik bağlamını değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 15 Mart 2020 ile 15 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında Irak'ın Erbil ilindeki üç ilçede yürütülmüştür. 160 küçükbaş hayvan çiftliğinden veri toplamak için 69 sorudan oluşan standart bir anket kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi için SPSS 24 sürümü kullanılmış ve tanımlayıcı bir araştırma tasarımı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Tüm yetiştiriciler erkekti (%100) ve %67,5’i 40 yaşın üzerindeydi. İlköğretim düzeyi baskındı (%70). İşletmelerin çoğu ekstansif sistemle çalışmaktaydı (%60,6), yalnızca %10,6’sı entansif yönetim uygulamaktaydı. Beton suluklar (%56,3) ve toprak tabanlı ağıl zeminleri (%93,1) yaygındı, ancak yalnızca %50’si günlük temizlik yapmaktaydı. Barınakların çoğu betonarme olarak inşa edilmişti (%89,4) ve işletmelerin sadece %54,4’ü hayvanlarını Bakanlığa kayıt ettirmişti. Yaz aylarında yetiştiricilerin %72,5’i sürülerini günde 15 saat otlatmakta, %46,9’u ise göçer hayvancılık yapmaktaydı. Kaba yem çoğunlukla dışarıdan temin edilmekteydi (%63,1) ve arpa (%88,8) başlıca kesif yem kaynağıydı. Koçlar yıl boyunca sürüde bulundurulmaktaydı (%90) ve yetiştiricilerin %69,4’ü yılda bir doğum elde etmekteydi. Periyodik ilaçlı banyo uygulaması yaygındı (%84,4), ancak veterinerlik desteği sınırlıydı.
Sonuç: Mevcut sınırlamalara rağmen, iyileştirilmiş ve stratejik çiftlik yönetimi uygulamaları, bölgedeki küçükbaş hayvan çiftliklerinde verimlilik ile genel üreme ve ekonomik sonuçları iyileştirme potansiyeline sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erbil bölgesi; çiftlik yönetim stratejisi; küçükbaş hayvancılık; yapısal özellikler

Farm Management Strategies and Structural Characteristics of Small Ruminants in IRAQ: A Case Study

https://izlik.org/JA62BF46JL

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the population structure and diversity of small ruminants, assess the effects of farm management strategies, evaluate reproductive performance, particularly the parturition and analyze the socio-economic context of agro pastoral systems in relation to income and feeding practices.
Material and Methods: The study was carried out in three districts of Iraq's Erbil Province between March 15, 2020 and March 15, 2021. A standardized questionnaire consisting of 69 items was used to gather data from 160 small ruminant farms. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis and a descriptive research design were used.
Results: All breeders were male (100 %) and 67.5 % were over 40 years old. Primary education predominated (70 %). Most holdings operated under extensive systems (60.6 %), while 10.6 % practiced intensive management. Concrete waterers (56.3 %) and soil-based barns (93.1 %) were common, but only 50 % performed daily cleaning. Housing was built mainly of reinforced concrete (89.4 %) and just 54.4 % of farms registered animals with the Ministry. During summer, 72.5 % of farmers grazed flocks for 15 hours per day and 46.9 % practiced transhumance. Roughage was mostly sourced externally (63.1 %), with barley (88.8 %) as the primary concentrate feed. Rams were kept year-round (90 %) and 69.4 % of breeders produced one lamb per year. Periodic dipping was common (84.4 %), but veterinary support remained limited.
Conclusion: Despite current limitations, improved and strategic farm management practices show potential to improve productivity and overall reproductive and economic outcomes on small ruminant farms in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erbil region , farm management strategy , small ruminant husbandry , structural characteristics

Etik Beyan

The ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Ethics Committee for Science and Engineering Sciences upon the recommendation of the board, and from the Regional Government Council of Ministers, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Erbil.

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