Investigation of Yield and Some Quality Features of Royal Jelly Harvested from Honeybee Colonies Fed with Food Substitutes

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 2, 98 - 104, 30.12.2022

Devrim Oskay Gökhan Bayrak

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1185887

Öz

Objective: In several nations, royal jelly is used in apitherapy, healthful foods, and cosmetics. The production and quality of royal jelly collected from honeybee colonies are being worked on by researchers and beekeepers. This study investigated the effect of honey and pollen substitute feeding on the production efficiency of royal jelly. In addition, analyses were conducted to determine the differences between fed and unfed groups in terms of 10-hydroxy-2-deconoic acid (10-HDA), protein and pH characteristics, honey, and pollen substitute.

Material and Methods: In this research, the influence of honey and pollen substitute feeding on royal jelly production was examined using the ANOVA test for multiple comparisons by forming 3 different groups and conducting 2 replications. Also, features of the 10- hydroxy-2-deconoic acid (10-HDA), protein and pH of the royal jelly was analyzed for understanding differences among the non-feeding pollen and honey substitute feeding groups.

Results: The average RJ quantity per queen cup for non-feeding colonies (Group A) was 420 mg, while the content of 10-HDA, protein and pH were 2.40%, 14.06% and 4.20%, respectively. For the colonies fed with sugar syrup (Group B), these values were 470 mg, 2.51%, 12.88%, 4.25 and for the colonies fed with syrup+pollen substitute (Group C) 530 mg, 4.05%, 13.13% and 4.18. The statistical test and contents analysis highlighted the impact of substitute feeding on average quantity amounts and 10-HDA. According to the results of the research, average RJ amounts in queen cell cup was significantly different in three honey bee colonies feeding groups (p<0.05). Colonies fed with sugar syrup +pollen substitute (Group C) colonies were filled the queen cell cups more amount of RJ than non-feeding (Group A) and fed with sugar syrup (Group B) colonies were filled RJ in the queen cell cups with significantly different. In the study, the colony fed with the sugar syrup +pollen substitute showed almost double the amount of 10-HDA value in RJ than non-feeding and fed with sugar syrup colonies. Protein and pH values shows no differences among the groups.

Conclusion: Even at times when nectar and pollen were available in nature, it was observed in this research that providing pollen substitution feed to honey bee colonies supported the output and quality of royal jelly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Honey bees, Royal jelly, 10-HAD, protein, pH

İkame Yemlerle Beslenen Bal Arısı Kolonilerinden Hasat Edilen Arı Sütlerinin Miktar ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Birçok ülkede arı sütü apiterapide, sağlıklı gıdalarda ve kozmetikte kullanılmaktadır. Bal arısı kolonilerinden toplanan arı sütünün üretimi ve kalitesi, araştırmacılar ve arıcılar tarafından araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bal ve polen ikamesi beslemesinin, arı sütü üretim verimi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, arı sütü 10- hidroksi-2-dekonoik asit (10-HDA), protein ve pH'ın özellikleri, polen, bal ikame ile beslenen ve beslenmeyen gruplar arasındaki farklılıkları anlamak için analizler yapılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmada, bal ve polen ikame beslemesinin arı sütü üretim miktarı üzerindeki etkisi 3 ayrı grup oluşturulup, 2 tekerrür yapılarak ANOVA çoklu karşılaştırma istatistiksel testi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, bal ve polen ikamesiyle beslenen ve beslenmeyen gruplar arasındaki farkları anlamak için arı sütünde 10-hidroksi-2-dekonoik asit (10-HDA), protein ve pH'ının özellikleri analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Beslenmeyen koloniler (A Grubu) için ana arı yüksüğü başına ortalama arı sütü verimi, 420 mg iken 10-HDA, protein ve pH içeriği sırasıyla %2,40 %14,06 ve %4,20 olarak bulunmuştur. Şeker şurubu ile beslenen kovanlar için (Grup B) bu değerler 470 mg; %2,51, %12,88, %4,25 ve şeker şurubu + polen ikamesi (Grup C) ile beslenen kovanlar için 530 mg; %4,05, %13,13 ve %4,18 olarak bulunmuştur. İstatistik analizler sonucunda, ikame beslemenin ortalama verim miktarları ve 10-HDA üzerinde etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ana arı yüksüklerindeki ortalama arı sütü miktarları üç bal arısı kovanı besleme grubunda anlamlı olarak farklı bulunmuştur (p <0.05). Şeker şurubu + polen ikamesi (Grup C) ile beslenen kovanlar, ana arı yüksüklerine beslenmeyen (A Grubu) ve şeker şurubu (Grup B) ile beslenen kovanlara kıyasla daha fazla miktarda arı sütü doldurulmuş ve aralarında önemli ölçüde fark bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, şeker şurubu + polen ikamesi ile beslenen kovanlardan elde edilen arı sütlerindeki 10-HDA içeriği şeker şurubu ile beslenen ve beslenmeyen kovanlara göre neredeyse iki kat daha fazla bulunmuştur. Protein ve pH değerlerinde gruplar arasında önemli fark bulunmamıştır.

Sonuç: Yapılan bu çalışmada, doğada nektar ve polenin bulunduğu dönemlerde dahi arı sütü üretimi yapılan bal arısı kolonilerinin polen ikame yemiyle beslemenin arı sütü verimi ve kalitesini desteklediği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bal Arıları, Arı Sütü, 10-HAD, protein, pH

Kaynakça

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