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THE ROLE OF ISTIHALAH (TRANSFORMATION) AND ISTIHLAK (CONSUMPTION) IN THE PERMISSIBILITY OF VACCINES DERIVED FROM FORBIDDEN ORIGINS: AN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE

Yıl 2023, , 1 - 23, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51973/head.1338259

Öz

The emergence of pandemics presents significant challenges to global health, economies, and societies at large. In such critical circumstances, the development and widespread adoption of effective vaccines are of utmost importance to protect lives, improve population health, and restore social and economic stability. Islamic jurisprudence, with its emphasis on the preservation of life and the wellbeing of individuals, plays a crucial role in influencing the acceptance and utilization of vaccines within societies that predominantly adhere to the Islamic faith. This article explores the role of two significant concepts in Islamic jurisprudence, namely Istihalah and Istihlak, in determining the permissibility (halal) of vaccines derived from sources that are considered haram. Focusing on materials such as animal tissues, human fetal tissues, pig gelatin, and alcohol, which may raise concerns re-garding their compliance with Islamic teachings, this article investigates the processes of transformation and purification involved in the production of such vaccines. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the permissibility of vac- cines derived from haram sources, drawing upon a wide range of scientific opinions, fatwas (religious decrees), classical and contemporary Islamic legal texts, and scientific research. It highlights that the prevailing view among the fatwa councils and the majority of Islamic scholars is that such vaccines are considered halal (permissible). Extensive research demonstrates that the 57 member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) exhibit a strong commitment to combating infectious diseases through the prioritized utilization of vaccines. Again, this article adopts a multidisciplinary approach encompassing scientific knowledge, bioethics, and Islamic jurisprudence to elucidate the alignment of vac cination methods with Islamic principles. The principal aim of this study is to enhance the informed decision-making process for healthcare professionals, policy-makers, and religious leaders by furnishing them with invaluable insights.

Kaynakça

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İSLAM HUKUKU AÇISINDAN HARAM KÖKENLİ KATKILARLA ÜRETİLEN AŞILARIN MÜBAH OLMASINDA İSTIHALE VE İSTİHLAK'IN ROLÜ

Yıl 2023, , 1 - 23, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51973/head.1338259

Öz

Hayvan veya insan cenin dokuları, domuz jelatini ve alkol gibi İslami öğretilere uygunluğu konusunda endişe yaratabilecek malzemelerle aşı üretimine odaklanan bu makale, haram kaynaklardan üretilen bu tür aşılarda meydana gelen dönüşüm ve saflaştırma süreçlerini incelemektedir. Bu makale, çok çeşitli bilimsel görüşler, fetvalar (dini hükümler), klasik ve çağdaş İslami hukuk metinleri ve bilimsel araştırmalardan yararlanarak haram kaynaklardan elde edilen aşıların caiz olup olmadığına dair kapsamlı bir analiz sunmaktadır. Fetva meclisleri ve İslam alimlerinin çoğunluğunda hâkim olan görüş, bu tür aşıların helal olduğu yönündedir. Kapsamlı araştırmalar, İslam İş birliği Teşkilatı'na (İİT) üye 57 ülkenin, aşıların öncelikli kullanımı yoluyla bulaşıcı hastalıklarla mücadelede güçlü bir kararlılık sergilediğini göstermektedir. Yine bu makale, aşı uygulama yöntemlerinin İslami ilkelerle uyumluluğunu aydınlatmak için bilimsel bilgi, biyoetik ve İslami hukukunu da kapsayan multidisipliner bir yaklaşımı benimsemektedir. Çalışmada birincil amaç, sağlık uzmanlarına, politika yapıcılara ve dini liderlere değerli bilgiler sunarak bu konuda daha bilinçli karar verilmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. Çalışmada ikincil amaç ise yine tüm ilgililere değerli bilgiler sunarak dahabilinçli karar verilmesini teşvik etmek ve Müslüman topluluklar arasında aşıların kabulünü desteklemektir

Kaynakça

  • Ali, A., Lee, K.S.,Bukhsh, A., Al-Worafi, Y.M., Md. Sarker, M.R., Ming, L.C. and Khan, T.M. (2018). “Outbreak of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Muslim Majority Countries.” Journal of Infection and Public Health 11(2):153–55. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.007.
  • Al-Dusuqi, M. (1996). Hasyiah Al-Dusuqi ’ala al-Syarh al-Kabir. Beyrut: Dârü’l-kütübi’l-ilmiyye.
  • Al-Ghananim, Q.I. (2008). Al-Isti- halah Wa Ahkamuha Fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. Amman: Dar al-Nafa’is.
  • Al-Khatib, Y. (2003). “Al-Istihalah Wa Ahkamuha Fi al-Fiqh al-Islami.” Majallah Al-Majma’ al-Fiqhi AlIslami 16(183).
  • Al-Nawawi, A. Z. M. (1995). Kitab Al-Majmu’ Syarh al-Mu- hadhdhab Li al-Shyirazi. Beyrut: Dar Ihya’ al- Turath al’Arabi.
  • Al-Qurtubi, A.A.A.M. (1993). Al-Jami’ Li Ahkam al- Qur’an. Beyrut: Dar al-Kutub al’Ilmiyah. Al-Ramli, Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Abi al- ‘Abbas Ahmad bin Hamzah Shihab al-Din. n.d. Ghayat Al-Bayan Syarh Zubad Ibnu Ruslan. Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah.
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  • Anon. n.d.-a. “Answering the Questions of the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) in Washington, DC.” International Islamic Fiqh Academy. Retrieved May 22, 2023 (https://iifa- aifi.org/en/32277.html).
  • Anon. n.d.-b. “Aşı İçerikleri.” Retrieved October 31, 2022 (https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/genel-bilg- iler/36-asi-icerikleri.html). Anon. n.d.-c. “EMA: Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Manufacture of Human Biological Medicinal Products.” Www.Sci-encepharma.Com. Retrieved July 17, 2023 (https://www.sciencepharma.com/news/chemis- try-manufacturing-and-control/ema-guideline- on-the-use-of-porcine-trypsin,p200001144).
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  • Anon. n.d.-e. “Health Ministry Says Anti-Vaccine Movement Due to Fears of Pig DNA in Drugs Malay Mail.” Retrieved July 22, 2023 (https://www.malaymail.com/news/malay- sia/2015/10/26/health-ministry-says-anti-vac- cine-movement-due-to-fears-of-pig-dna-in- drugs/993787).
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  • Anon. ts. “Istihâletu’n-Necâsât ve Alâkatu Ahkâmihâ Bi Isti‘Mâli’l-Muharram ve’n-Necis Fi’l-Gızâ ve’d-Devâ”, El-Meclisu’l Avrubbî Li’l-Iftâ ve’l-Buhûs,.”
  • Anon. n.d.-g. “Vaccine Ingredients.” Retrieved July 13, 2023 (https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vaccine- ingredients).
  • Aslan, M. (2016). “Islam Hukukuna Göre Istihâle ve Istihlâkin Necis Katki Maddesi Içeren Gida, Ilaç, Kozmetik ve Temizlik Malzemelerinin Hükmüne Etkisi.” Uluslararasi Sosyal Araştirmalar Dergisi 9(43).
  • Bardakoğlu, A. (2003). İlmihal. Vol. 1. TDV. Ankara.
  • Buhûtî, M. (2009). Keşşâfü’l-Kınâ‘ ‘an Metni’l-İknâ‘. Vol. 1. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-Ilmiyye.
  • Canada, Public Health Agency of. (2007a). “Con- tents of Immunizing Agents Authorized for Use in Canada: Canadian Immunization Guide.” Re- trieved July 13, 2023 (https://www.can- ada.ca/en/public-health/services/publica- tions/healthy-living/canadian-immunization- guide-part-1-key-immunization-infor- mation/page-15-contents-immunizing-agents- available-use-canada.html).
  • Canada, Public Health Agency of. (2007b). “Contents of Immunizing Agents Available for Use in Canada: Canadian Immunization Guide.” Re- trieved October 17, 2022 (https://www.can- ada.ca/en/public-health/services/publica- tions/healthy-living/canadian-immunization- guide-part-1-key-immunization-infor- mation/page-15-contents-immunizing-agents- available-use-canada.html).
  • Çayiroğlu, Y. (2013). “İslâm Hukukuna Göre Helâl Gıda Sorunu.” Doktora, Marmara Üniversitesi, Istanbul.
  • Çeker, O. (2011). “İstihale.” Pp. 18–21 in 1. Ulusal Helâl ve Sağlıklı Gıda Kongresi (Ankara, 19-20 Kasım 2011). Vol. 1. Ankara.
  • Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (2023). “Vaccines, Blood & Biologics.” FDA. Re- trieved May 28, 2023 (https://www.fda.gov/vac- cines-blood-biologics).
  • Cibiz, Y N. (2015). “İslam Hukukunda İstihlâk ve Hükümleri.” Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(9):225–48. doi: 10.17828/yasbed.89570.
  • Department of Standards Malaysia (Standards Malaysıa). (2012). “MS 2424:2012 Halal Pharma- ceuticals – General Guidelines.”
  • Frank, D., Offit, P.A. and Fisher, A. (2018). “Vaccine Safety.” in Plotkin’s Vaccines. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  • Dimyâtî, Ebû Bekr el-Bekrî İbnü’l-Arif Mu- hammed. n.d. I‘Ânetü’t-Tâlibîn ‘Alâ Halli Elfâzi Fethi’l-Mu‘În Li Sherhi Kurrati’l-‘ayn,. Vol. 4. Midyat.
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  • European Medicines Agency. (2013). “Guideline on the Use of Porcine Trypsin Used in the Man- ufacture of Human Biological Medicinal Prod- ucts.”
  • Garçon, N., and Martin, F. (2018). “Evolution of Adjuvants across the Centuries.” in Plotkin’s Vaccines. Philadelphia: Elsevie.
  • Gazzâlî, H. E. H. M. (1997). El-Vasît Fi’l-Mezheb. Vol. 1. Dârü’s-Selâm.
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  • Hatîb, Y. n.d. “El-İstihâle ve ahkâmuhâ fi’l-fıkhi’l-İslamî.” (16):185–233.
  • Hattab, E. A. Ş. M. (2003). Mevahibü’l-celil li-şerhi Muhtasarı Halil. Ri- yad : Dâru Âlemi’l-Kütüb.
  • Ibn Kudâme, M. E. M. A. (1997). El-Kâfî,. Vol. 1. Dâru hicr.
  • İbn Manzur, E. F. M.. n.d. Lisanü’l- Arab. Beyrut : Dâru Sadır.
  • Ibnu ’Abidin, M. A. (1992). Rad Al-Muhtar ’ala al-Dur al Mukhtar. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
  • Ibnu al-Humam, Kamal al-Din Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahid. n.d. Fath Al-Qadir. Vol. 1. Bei- rut: Dar al-Fikr. Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauz, A. A. M. (2002). I’lam Almuwaqqi’in ’an Rab al-’alamin. al-Qaherah: Dar al-Hadith.
  • Ibnu Qudamah, A. M. M. n.d. Al- Mughni. Misr: Maktabah al-Qaherah.
  • Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (Jakim). (2014). Manual Procedure for Malaysia Halal Cer- tification (Third Revision) 2014. Malaysia.
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  • Yan, M., Shaw-Shaliba, K., Karyana, M. and Lau, C.Y. (2021). “Sharia (Islamic Law) Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccines.” Frontiers in Tropical Diseases 2.
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  • Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) and Depart- ment of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM). (2015). Frequently Asked Questions on Vaccine and Immunisation.
  • Nedvî, E. R. Muhammed. (2006). “Tağayyuru’l-Mâhiye ve Eseruhu Fi’l- Ahkâmi’l-Fıkhiyye.” XIII(13).
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  • Nezîh, H. (2004). El-Mevâddu’l-Muharrame ve’n-Necîse Fi’l-Ğızâ ve’d-Devâ Beyne’n- Nazariyye ve’t-Tatbîk. Dımaşk: Dârü’l-Kalem.
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  • Şirazi, E. İ. C. İ. (1996). El-Mühezzeb fî fıkhi’l-İmam eş- Şafii. Dımaşk : Dârü’l-Kalem.
  • Zuhaylî, V. (1997). Ahkâmu’l-mevâddi’n- necise ve’l-muharreme fi’l-ğizâ ve’d-devâ. 1. Dımaşk: Dârü’l-mektebî.
  • Wadman, M. (2017). “Henrietta Lacks Wasn’t the Only Woman Who Unknowingly Contributed to Medical History.” Slate, March 2. Wan Rohani, Wan Taib. 2017. “Issues in Vaccine Hesitancy in Malaysia: A Countering Ap- proach.”
  • Wilson, G. (1967). The Hazards of Immunization. First Edition, First Printing. Athlone Press.
  • Wilton, T., Dunn, G., Eastwood, D., Minor, P.D. and Martin, J. (2014). “Effect of Formaldehyde Inactivation on Poliovirus.” Journal of Virology 88(20):11955–64. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01809-14.
  • Zerkeşî, B. M. (1982). El-Mensûr Fi’l-Kavâid. Vol. 1. kuveyt: Vizâretu’l-Evkâf ve’ş Şuûni’l-İslamiyye.
  • Zeyla‘î, E. M. F. O. n.d.-a. Teby- inü’l-hakaik şerh-i kenzü’d-dekaik. Vol. 2. bu- lak: Maruf Yayınevi.
  • Zeyla‘î, E. M. F. O. n.d.-b. Teby- inü’l-hakaik şerh-i kenzü’d-dekaik. Bulak.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derleme Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Abdul Moben Amin 0000-0002-7173-8745

Haci Mehmet Günay 0000-0001-8844-6338

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Amin, A. M., & Günay, H. M. (2023). THE ROLE OF ISTIHALAH (TRANSFORMATION) AND ISTIHLAK (CONSUMPTION) IN THE PERMISSIBILITY OF VACCINES DERIVED FROM FORBIDDEN ORIGINS: AN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE. Helal Ve Etik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.51973/head.1338259

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