OKULLARDA KANITA-DAYALI UYGULAMALARIN YAYGINLAŞTIRILMASI İÇİN BİR MODEL: ETKİN KULLANIM ÇERÇEVELERİ

Öz

Kanıta-dayalı uygulamaların belirlenmesine yönelik önemli çabalar olmasına karşın, bu uygulamaların eğitim ortamlarında etkili, tutarlı ve sürdürülebilir biçimde kullanılması konusunda önemli eksiklikler bulunmaktadır. Alanyazın, etkili olduğu kanıtlanan birçok uygulamanın sınıf ve okul ortamlarında istenen düzeyde kullanılmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmacılar, araştırma ile uygulama arasındaki boşluk konusundaki endişelerini dile getirmektedir. Son yıllarda kanıta-dayalı uygulamaların tanıtımı ve kullanımını desteklemek amacıyla çeşitli eğitimler ve koçluk hizmetleri sunulmuş olmasına karşın, bu uygulamaların kullanım düzeyinde beklenen artış sağlanamamıştır. Alanyazında kanıta-dayalı uygulamaların geniş kitlelere yaygınlaştırılmasını desteklemek amacıyla çeşitli çerçeveler önerilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Ulusal Uygulama Araştırma Ağı tarafından geliştirilen Etkin Kullanım Çerçeveleri (Active Implementation Frameworks), kanıta-dayalı uygulamaların sistematik ve sürdürülebilir biçimde uygulanmasını destekleyen kapsamlı bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Etkin Kullanım Çerçeveleri; kullanılabilir yenilikler, uygulama aşamaları, uygulama yürütücüleri, uygulama ekipleri, sürekli iyileştirme döngüleri ve sistem değişimi gibi birbiriyle ilişkili bileşenlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Etkin Kullanım Çerçevelerini tanıtmak ve çerçeveyi oluşturan temel bileşenleri açıklamaktır. Makalede, çerçevelerin kanıta-dayalı uygulamaların yaygınlaştırılması, uygulama güvenirliğinin artırılması ve araştırma-uygulama arasındaki boşluğun azaltılmasına nasıl katkı sağladığı ele alınmaktadır. Makalede ayrıca bir vaka üzerinden Etkin Kullanım Çerçeveleri’ne örnek verilmekte, bu konuda yapılmış araştırmalardan söz edilmektedir. Etkin Kullanım Çerçevelerinin, özellikle eğitim ve özel eğitim alanlarında, uygulamaların etkili ve sürdürülebilir biçimde hayata geçirilmesi açısından önemli bir rehber sunduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uygulama bilimi
• Kanıta-dayalı uygulamalar
• Yaygınlaştırma
• Yaygınlaştırma çerçeveleri
• Etkin Kullanım Çerçeveleri

A Model for the Dissemination of Evidence-Based Practices in Schools: Active Implementation Frameworks

Öz

Despite significant efforts to identify evidence-based practices, there remain substantial gaps in the effective, consistent, and sustainable use of these practices in educational settings. The literature indicates that many practices proven to be effective are not implemented at the desired level in classroom and school contexts. Researchers have expressed concerns about the gap between research and practice. Although various trainings and coaching services have been offered in recent years to promote and support the use of evidence-based practices, the expected increase in their level of use has not been achieved. To support the dissemination of evidence-based practices to broader audiences, several frameworks have been proposed in the literature. In this context, the Active Implementation Frameworks developed by the National Implementation Research Network offer a comprehensive approach to supporting the systematic and sustainable implementation of evidence-based practices. The Active Implementation Frameworks consist of interrelated components such as usable innovations, implementation stages, implementation drivers, implementation teams, continuous improvement cycles, and systems change. The purpose of this study is to introduce the Active Implementation Frameworks and explain the core components that comprise the framework. The article discusses how these frameworks contribute to the dissemination of evidence-based practices, the enhancement of implementation fidelity, and the reduction of the gap between research and practice. The article also presents an example of the Active Implementation Frameworks through a case study and refers to previous research conducted on this topic. The Active Implementation Frameworks are considered to provide an important guide for the effective and sustainable implementation of practices, particularly in the fields of education and special education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Impelementation science
• Evidence-based practices
• Dissemination
• Dissemination Frameworks
• Active Implementation Frameworks

Kaynakça

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