Egzersiz ve Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliği

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 10 - 19, 31.01.2017

Dilek Taş Asiye Akyol

Öz

Kronik böbrek yetmezliği glomerüler filtrasyon hızına göre beş evreye ayrılmaktadır.

Evre V, Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği (SDBY) olup, GFH 15ml/dk/1,73 m2 nin altına

indiği hayatı tehdit edici bir durumdur. SDBY hastalarının büyük çoğunluğu diyaliz ile

yaşamlarını sürdürse de, üremik kardiyomiyopati, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, anemi,

diyabetes mellitus, kemik hastalıkları, dekondüsyon, yorgunluk, güçsüzlük, inaktivite

ve psikolojik problemlerin eşlik etmesi nedeniyle yaşam kaliteleri ve fonksiyonel

kapasiteleri azalmaktadır. Ayrıca SDBY hastaların çoğunluğunun sedanter yaşam

tarzına sahip olması fiziksel fonksiyonlarının bozulmasında önemli bir etken olmakla

birlikte, hastaların fiziksel açıdan hareketsiz olmaları kaslarda atrofi gelişmesine ve

kapiller yoğunluğun azalmasına buna bağlı olarak da kas gücünde azalmaya neden

olmaktadır. Son yıllarda egzersiz kronik hastalıkları önleme ve rehabilite etmede

önemli bir müdahale aracı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Egzersiz; “kas gruplarının

kontraksiyon ve relaksasyonu ile gerçekleşen kas direncini, eklem fonksiyonlarını

korumak ve sürdürmek amacı ile yapılan çalışmaların bütününe” verilen addır. Böbrek

hastalarında egzersiz yapılmaması ve sedanter yaşam tarzının sürdürülmesi bir dizi

problemlere yol açmaktadır ve fiziksel egzersizin bu problemleri düzeltmede veya

durdurmada önemli köprü görevi üstlendiği kabul edilmektedir. Bu alandaki

çalışmalar; fiziksel egzersizin, diyaliz tedavisi alan hastaların egzersiz kapasitesini,

fiziksel fonksiyonunu, kas gücünü, fonksiyonel kapasitesini ve yaşam kalitesini

geliştirdiğini, kan basıncı kontrolü sağladığını, diyabet gelişim riskini ve

kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini azalttığını, depresyon ve anksiyete semptomlarını

hafiflettiğini, sağ kalım ve diyaliz etkinliğini arttırdığını göstermiştir. Bu derlemede

egzersizin böbrek hastaları için önemi ve egzersizin tipleri anlatılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliği, Diyaliz, Egzersiz

Kaynakça

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