Covid-19 Pandemisi ve Kronik Böbrek Hastalarına Etkisi / Covid-19 of Pandemic and Impact on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 60 - 66, 31.05.2021

Sevda Tüzün Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2021.33

Öz

Tek zincirli, pozitif polariteli, zayıf bir RNA virüsü olan “Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirüs-2 (SARS-CoV2)”
kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır. Covid-19 etkeni olan
SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün kuluçka süresinin mevcut verilere göre
2-14 gün arasında olduğu ve yaygın olarak halsizlik, ateş, boğaz
ağrısı, kuru öksürük, nefes darlığı, eklem ağrısı, koku kaybı gibi
semptomlar ile belirti vermektedir. Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun,
hastalarda çoğunlukla akut böbrek hasarına yol açması ve kronik
böbrek hastalarının çoğunda birden fazla komorbid hastalık
varlığının mevcut olması kronik böbrek hastalarında mortalite
ve morbidite oranlarının artmasına neden olmaktadır. Covid-19
tanısıyla hastaneye yatan hastalarda böbrek fonksiyonları
incelendiğinde, hastaların %59'u proteinüri, %44'ü hematüri
bulunduğu, %31'inin kan üre nitrojenin (BUN) ve %22'sinin
serum kreatinin düzeyinin arttığı ve böbrek fonksiyon
bozukluğu belirtileri bulunduğu görülmüştür. Üremi nedeniyle
bağışıklık sistemleri baskılanmış olan hemodiyaliz, periton
diyaliz ve böbrek transplantasyonu yapılan hastalar, Covid-19
enfeksiyonu için yüksek riskli grup olarak belirtilmektedir. Bu
derlemede, Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun böbrek fonksiyonlarını ve
kronik böbrek hastalığı tedavisi gören hastaları nasıl etkilediğine
yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Hemodiyaliz, Periton diyalizi, Transplantasyon, Böbrek

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Covid-19 of Pandemic and Impact on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Öz

“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2)”, a single-stranded, positive polarity, weak RNA virus, has spread all over the world in a short time. The incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is the causative agent of Covid-19, is between 2-14 days according to the available data and it commonly presents with symptoms such as weakness, fever, sore throat, dry cough, shortness of breath, joint pain, loss of smell. The fact that Covid-19 infection mostly causes acute kidney injury in patients and the presence of more than one comorbid disease in most chronic kidney patients causes an increase in mortality and morbidity rates in chronic kidney patients. When kidney functions were examined in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of Covid-19, 59% of the patients had proteinuria, 44% had hematuria, 31% had blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 22% had increased serum creatinine levels and signs of kidney dysfunction. Patients undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation, whose immune systems are suppressed due to uremia, are indicated as a high-risk group for Covid-19 infection. In this article, it has been discussed how Covid-19 infection affects the function of the kidney and patients treated for chronic kidney disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

covid-19, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• 1. Ünsal Avdal E. Covid-19: Komorbid durumlarda bakım yönetimi. Şenuzun Aykar F, editör. İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ve Covid-19. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri 2020:10-14.
• 2. Bayrakçı N, Özkan G. Covid-19 pandemisinde nefroloji kliniklerinin yönetimi. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi 2020; 8(3): 355-363.
• 3. Dede Ş, Kayabaşı H. Sars-COV-2 ile ilişkili akut böbrek hasarı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2020;47(2): 498-507.
• 4. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2021.
• 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Covıd-19 Bilgilendirme Sayfası. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2021
• 6. Benedetti C, Waldman M, Zaza G, Riella L, Cravedi P. Covid-19 and the kidneys: an update. Frontiers in Medicine 2020;7:423.
• 7. Çelik D, Köse Ş. Erişkinlerde Covid-19: Klinik bulgular. Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi 2020;30(Ek sayı):43-8.
• 8. Noordzij M, Duivenvoorden R, Pena M.J, de Vries H, Kieneker L M. fort he collaborative ERACODA authors. ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2020;35: 2023–2025.
• 9. https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/Report-COVID-2019_16_december_2020.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2020).
• 10. Li Z, Wu M, Yao J, Guo J, Liao X. et al. Caution on kidney dysfunctions of Covid-19 patients. medRxiv. 2020;51:343–348. doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212
• 11. Topbaş E. Covid-19 sürecinde böbrek yetmezliği olan hastanın yoğun bakım yönetimi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi 2020;24(EK-1):61-67.
• 12. Hardenberg JHB, Luft FC. Covid‐19, ACE2 and the kidney. Acta Physiologica 2020;230:e13539. https://doi.org/10.1111/ apha.13539.
• 13. Durvasula R, Wellington T, Mcnamara E, Watnick S. Covid-19 and kidney failure in the acute care setting: our experience from seattle. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2020;76 (1); 4-6.
• 14. Gabarre P, Dumas G, Dupont T, Darmon M, Azoulay E. et al. Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with Covid19. Intensive Care Medicine. 2020;46:1339–1348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06153-9.
• 15. Ronco C, Reis T. Kidney involvement in Covid-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2020;16(6):308-310.
• 16. Naicker S, Yang CW, Hwang SJ, Liu BC, Chen JH. et al. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney International. 2020;97(5):824-828.
• 17. Wang L, Li X, Chen H, Yan S, Li D. et al. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China. American Journal of Nephrology. 2020;51(5): 343-348.
• 18. Patel SK, Singh R, Rana J, Tiwari R, Natesan S. et al. The kidney and Covid-19 patients–important considerations. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020;37: 101831.
• 19. Chan L, Coca SG. Acute kidney injury in the time of Covid-19. Kıdney360. 2020; 1: 588–590. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.34067/KID.0003722020.
• 20. D’marco L, Puchades MJ, Romero-Parra M, Gimenez-Civera E, Soler MJ. et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in chronic kidney disease. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2020;13(3): 297-306.
• 21. Luo Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yu H, Peng X. Characteristics and outcomes of hemodialysis patients with covıd-19: a retrospective single center study. Peerj. 2020;8:E10459. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10459.
• 22. Süleymanlar G, Ateş K, Seyahi N. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Türk Nefroloji Derneği Ortak Raporu. 2020;136. Erişim: http://www.nefroloji.org.tr/folders/file/registry_2019.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2021
• 23. Wang H. Maintenance hemodialysis and coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): saving lives with caution, care, and courage. Kidney Medicine. 2020;2(3):365-366.
• 24. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X. et. Al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus– infected pneumonia in wuhan, China. Jama. 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
• 25. Arslan H, Musabak., Ayvazoğlu Soy EH. et al. Incidence and ımmunologic analysis of coronavirus disease (covıd-19) in hemodialysis patients: a single-center experience. Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 2020;18(3): 275-283.
• 26. Aydin Bahat K, Parmaksiz E, Sert S. The clinical characteristics and course of Covid‐19 in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis International. 2020;24(4): 534-540.
• 27. Goicoechea M, Cámara LAS, Macías N, De Morales A M, Rojas ÁG. et al. Covid-19: clinical course and outcomes of 36 hemodialysis patients in spain. Kidney International.2020;98(1): 27-34.
• 28. Kikuchi K, Nangaku M, Ryuzaki M, Yamakawa T, Hanafusa N. et al. Covid 19 of dialysis patients in Japan: current status and guidance on preventive measures. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. 2020;24(4):361-365. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744- 9987.13531.
• 29. Xiong F, Tang H, Liu L, Tu C, Tian JB. et al. Clinical characteristics of and medical interventions for covıd-19 in hemodialysis patients in Wuhan, China. Journal of The American Society of Nephrology. 2020;31: 1387–1397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020030354.
• 30. Ma Y, Diao B, Lv X, Zhu J, Chen C. et al. Epidemiological, clinical, and immunological features of a cluster of Covid-19 contracted hemodialysis patients. Kidney International Reports. 2020:5;1333–1341.
• 31. Zou R, Chen F, Chen D, Xu CL, Xiong F. Clinical characteristics and outcome of hemodialysis patients with Covid-19: A large cohort study in a single chinese center. Renal Failure. 2020; 42(1): 950-957.
• 32. Tortonese S, Scriabine I, Anjou L, Loens C, Michon A. et al. Covid-19 in patients on maintenance dialysis in the paris region. Kidney International Reports. 2020;5(9): 1535-1544.
• 33. Yeter HH, Gok Oguz E, Akcay OF, Karaer R, Yasar E. et al. The reliability and success of peritoneal dialysis during the Covid‐19 pandemic. In Seminars in Dialysis. 2020;00:1–10.
• 34. Lai XL, Wang HY, Guo ZY. Recommendations for prevention and management of Covid-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients. Chronic Diseases And Translational Medicine. 2020:6;115-118.
• 35. Yang Z, Dong J. Operational considerations for peritoneal dialysis management during the Covid-19 pandemic. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2020:13(3); 322-327.
• 36. Alfano G, Fontana F, Ferrari A, Guaraldi G, Mussini C. et al. Peritoneal dialysis in the time of coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2020;13(3): 265–268.
• 37. Wilkie M, Davies S. Peritoneal dialysis in the time of COVID-19. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 2020;40(4): 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896860820921657
• 38. Ronco C, Manani SM, Giuliani A, Tantillo I, Reis T. et al. Remote patient management of peritoneal dialysis during Covid-19 pandemic. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 2020;40(4): 363-367.
• 39. Jiang HJ, Tang H, Xiong F, Chen W L, Tian J B. et al. Covid-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2020;16: 121–123. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.07200520
• 40. Kronbichler A, Gauckler P, Windpessl M, Shin JI, Jha V. et al. Covid-19: implications for immunosuppression in kidney disease and transplantation. Nephrology 2020;16:365-367.
• 41. Cravedi P, Mothi SS, Azzi Y, Haverly M, Farouk SS. et al. Covid‐19 and kidney transplantation: results from the tango ınternational transplant Consortium. American Journal of Transplantation. 2020;20(11): 3140-3148.
• 42. González J, Ciancio G. Early experience with Covid-19 in kidney transplantation recipients: update and review. International Braz J Urol 2020;46: 145-155.
• 43. TND Transplantasyon Çalışma Grubu Renal Transplantasyonlu Hastalarda Covid-19 İnfeksiyonu İzlem ve Tedavi Önerileri. 2020. Erişim: http://www.nefroloji.org.tr/folders/file/TND-RTCG-Renal_Transplantasyonlu_Hastalarda_Covid19_Infeksiyonu.pdf Erişim Tarihi:03.03.2021
• 44. Alberici F, Delbarba E, Manenti C, Econimo L, Valerio F. et al. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. Kidney International 2020;97:1083–1088.
• 45. Columbia University Kidney Transplant Program. Early description of coronavirus 2019 disease in kidney transplant recipients in new york. Journal of The American Society of Nephrology. 2020;31(6): 1150-1156.
• 46. Lum E, Bunnapradist S, Multani A, Beaird OE, Carlson M. et al. Spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center experience. Transplantation Proceedings. 2020;52: 2654-2658.
• 47. Nair V, Jandovitz N, Hirsch JS, Nair G, Abate M. et al. Covid‐19 in kidney transplant recipients. American Journal of Transplantation. 2020;20:1819–1825.
• 48. Jawdeh BGA. Covid-19 in kidney transplantation: outcomes, immunosuppression management and operational challenges. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 2020;27(5): 383-389.
• 49. Alasfar S, Avery RK. The impact of Covid-19 on kidney transplantation. Nephrology. 2020; 16(10): 568-569.
• 50. Loupy A, Aubert O, Reese PP, Bastien O, Bayer F. et al. Organ procurement and transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2020;395(23); e95-e96. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)31040-0
• 51. Lubetzky M, Aull MJ, Craig-Schapiro R, Lee JR, Marku-Podvorica J. et al. Kidney allograft recipients, immunosuppression, and coronavirus disease-2019: a report of consecutive cases from a new york city transplant center. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2020;35(7): 1250-1261.